复合添加剂对污泥堆肥化重金属形态及生物有效性的影响
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摘要
通过添加不同比例粉煤灰(0%、5%、15%、25%、35%)和生石灰(0%、1%)进行污泥堆肥试验,并将堆肥产品应用于玉米幼苗盆栽试验,研究不同处理对污泥堆肥产品重金属(Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni)形态分布和生物有效性的影响。研究结果可为粉煤灰和生石灰复合添加剂在城市污泥堆肥中的应用提供基础资料和科学依据。结果表明,(1)污泥堆肥过程中,p H值整体呈现上升-稳定下降-稳定的变化规律,重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni含量因稀释效应呈现轻微下降;添加35%粉煤灰和1%生石灰处理,重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni含量达到最小值,分别为611.20、226.18、1.49、68.74 mg?kg~(-1)。(2)Zn、Cd、Ni主要以残渣态形式存在,Cu主要以有机结合态形式存在。随着粉煤灰添加量增加,残渣态、有机结合态、铁锰氧化态Zn、Cd和残渣态、有机结合态Ni含量逐渐增大,交换态、碳酸盐态Zn、Cd、Ni含量逐渐减小,重金属生物有效性下降。(3)施用添加25%粉煤灰和1%生石灰的污泥肥料后,玉米地上部分干重最大为21.2 g,玉米重金属Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd含量均达到最小值19.44、13.73、0.08、0.45 mg?kg~(-1),基质重金属Zn、Ni分别达到最小值79.44、0.75 mg?kg~(-1)。以上结果说明,添加粉煤灰和生石灰进行污泥堆肥化对重金属总量影响不大,但能有效改变重金属形态,降低重金属生物有效性。其中,添加25%粉煤灰与1%生石灰污泥堆肥产品,有利于重金属由不稳定态转变成稳定态,也最有利于玉米幼苗生长。
To analyze the effects of different treatments on heavy metals(HMs)fractional distribution and bioavailability in the sludge composting products,different proportions of fly ash(0%,5%,15%,25%,35%)and lime(0%,1%)were added in sludge composting,and the products were applied in pot maize experiment.The results was expected to provide basic data and scientific basis for the application of fly ash and lime as compound additives in urban sludge composting.The results showed that,(1)During the process of sludge composting,the pH value presented as"up-steady-down-steady"and the HMs contents decreased slightly due to the dilutive effect.The minimum heavy metals contents appeared under SF35L1 treatment(addition of 35%fly ash and 1%lime),with values of 611.20,226.18,1.49,68.74 mg?kg~(-1) for Zn,Cu,Cd and Ni,respectively.(2)Zn,Cd,Ni were mostly concentrated in residual fraction,and Cu was mainly concentrated in organic combined fraction.With the increasing of fly ash addition,the residual,organic combined and Fe-Mn oxide fraction of Zn and Cd,and the residual,and organic combined fraction of Ni gradually increased,while the exchangeable and carbonates fraction of Zn,Cd,Ni gradually decreased,which indicated the decline of HMs bioavailability.(3)Under SF25L1 treatment(addition of 25%fly ash and 1%lime),the dry weight of maize reached the maximum(21.2 g)and HMs contents reached the minimum with the values of 19.44,13.73,0.08,0.45 mg·kg~(-1) for Zn,Cu,Cd and Ni,respectively,meanwhile,the substrate HMs contents reached the minimum with the value of 79.44 and 0.75 mg?kg~(-1) for Zn and Ni respectively.Generally,the addition of fly ash and lime to sludge composting showed slightly effect on HMs concentrations,while increased effectively the immobile fractions of HMs,and thus reduced their bioavailability.Treatment of SF25L1 showed most beneficial for HMs to change from unstable speciation to stable speciation,and best for the growth of maize.
To analyze the effects of different treatments on heavy metals(HMs)fractional distribution and bioavailability in the sludge composting products,different proportions of fly ash(0%,5%,15%,25%,35%)and lime(0%,1%)were added in sludge composting,and the products were applied in pot maize experiment.The results was expected to provide basic data and scientific basis for the application of fly ash and lime as compound additives in urban sludge composting.The results showed that,(1)During the process of sludge composting,the pH value presented as"up-steady-down-steady"and the HMs contents decreased slightly due to the dilutive effect.The minimum heavy metals contents appeared under SF35L1 treatment(addition of 35%fly ash and 1%lime),with values of 611.20,226.18,1.49,68.74 mg?kg~(-1) for Zn,Cu,Cd and Ni,respectively.(2)Zn,Cd,Ni were mostly concentrated in residual fraction,and Cu was mainly concentrated in organic combined fraction.With the increasing of fly ash addition,the residual,organic combined and Fe-Mn oxide fraction of Zn and Cd,and the residual,and organic combined fraction of Ni gradually increased,while the exchangeable and carbonates fraction of Zn,Cd,Ni gradually decreased,which indicated the decline of HMs bioavailability.(3)Under SF25L1 treatment(addition of 25%fly ash and 1%lime),the dry weight of maize reached the maximum(21.2 g)and HMs contents reached the minimum with the values of 19.44,13.73,0.08,0.45 mg·kg~(-1) for Zn,Cu,Cd and Ni,respectively,meanwhile,the substrate HMs contents reached the minimum with the value of 79.44 and 0.75 mg?kg~(-1) for Zn and Ni respectively.Generally,the addition of fly ash and lime to sludge composting showed slightly effect on HMs concentrations,while increased effectively the immobile fractions of HMs,and thus reduced their bioavailability.Treatment of SF25L1 showed most beneficial for HMs to change from unstable speciation to stable speciation,and best for the growth of maize.
引文
FANG M,WONG J W.1999.Effects of lime amendment on availability of heavy metals and maturation in sewage sludge composting[J].Environmental Pollution,106(1):83-89.
LAKE D L,KIRK P W W,LESTER J N.1984.Fractionation,characterization,and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soils:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,13(2):175-183.
LIANG H,JIN P,ZHU X,et al.2016.Characteristics of Speciation of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge of Guangzhou as Fertilizer☆[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,31:232-240.
MADRID F,FLORIDO M C.2010.Effects of the presence of a composted biosolid on the metal immobilizing action of an urban soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,176(1-3):792-798.
SHIKAZONO N,TATEWAKI K,MOHIUDDIN K M,et al.2012.Sources,spatial variation,and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Tamagawa River in central Japan[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,341(1):13-26.
TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G,BISSON M.1979.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,51(7):844-851.
VIAENE J,VAN L J,VANDECASTEELE B,et al.2016.Opportunities and barriers to on-farm composting and compost application:A case study from northwestern Europe[J].Waste Management,48:181-192.
WONG J W,SELVAM A,ZHAO Z,et al.2011.Influence of different mixing ratios on in-vessel co-composting of sewage sludge with horse stable straw bedding waste:maturity and process evaluation[J].Waste Management&Research the Journal of the International Solid Wastes&Public Cleansing Association Iswa,29(11):1164-1170.
WU C,LI W,WANG K,et al.2015.Usage of pumice as bulking agent in sewage sludge composting[J].Bioresource Technology,190:516-521.
ZHAO Y,LU W,DAMGAARD A,et al.2015.Assessment of co-composting of sludge and woodchips in the perspective of environmental impacts(EASETECH)[J].Waste Management,42:55-60.
程毅,黄剑明,周柏明,等.2012.生石灰在污泥重金属钝化中的应用[J].环境工程,30(s2):325-326.
戴亮,任珺,陶玲,等.2012.污泥施用对土壤及小麦生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,31(2):362-368.
杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元.2007.施用石灰对Pb、Cd、Zn在土壤中的形态及大白菜中累积的影响[J].生态环境学报,16(6):1710-1713.
傅金祥,韩汝佳,沙明卓,等.2009.投加粉煤灰污泥好氧消化对重金属稳定化研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,26(5):77-80.
何瀚涛,程毅.2012.粉煤灰钝化污泥中重金属的应用研究[J].河南化工,29(2):3-4.
雷勋杰,曾正中,苟剑锋,等.2014.污泥堆肥化过程中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd的生物有效性研究[J].环境工程,32(6):109-113.
李铁民.2005.环境微生物资源原理与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社:180-181.
潘玉,郭浩磊,曾正中,等.2010.污泥堆肥前后重金属Ni和Cd形态变化研究[J].安徽农业科学,38(31):17708-17709.
潘玉.2011.添加粉煤灰堆肥化及淋滤对污泥重金属影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学.
生骏,陆文静,王洪涛.2007.粉煤灰对污泥堆肥过程和土地施用后交换态重金属(Cu,Zn,Pb)的影响[J].环境科学,28(6):1367-1371.
孙军,邓四化,徐俊,等.2017.土壤重金属形态分析方法及其与环境风险的关系[J].上海电气技术,10(2):50-54.
王晓利.2014.复合添加剂对污泥堆肥化重金属形态的影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学.
王陈丝丝,马友华,于倩倩,等.2016.钝化剂对农田土壤重金属形态与其稳定性影响研究[J].中国农学通报,32(1):172-177.
吴孔阳,张静,陈淋转,等.2017.牡丹内生真菌高抑菌活性菌株的筛选及培养基优化[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,(7):199-202.
徐福银,包兵,胡艳燕,等.2015.城市污泥堆肥资源化利用研究进展[C]//中国环境科学学会.2015年中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集.
严迎燕.2016.浅谈我国城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状[J].广东化工,43(11):204-205.
姚岚,王成端.2008.不同钝化剂对污泥堆肥过程中重金属形态的影响研究[J].环境卫生工程,16(2):8-10.
张传琦.2011.土壤中重金属砷、镉、铅、铬、泵有效态浸提剂的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学.
张宗国,吴永丽,何梦玲.2004.城市污水处理厂污泥的土地利用[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,25(2):78-81.
赵述华,陈志良,张太平,等.2014.稳定化处理对矿渣中重金属迁移转化的影响研究[J].环境科学,35(4):1548-1554.
庄明明.2011.不同添加材料对生活污泥中营养成分及重金属的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学.
曾正中,张贺飞,潘玉,等.2011.污泥添加粉煤灰堆肥化对Cu、Zn、Pb形态的影响[J].水土保持学报,25(5):144-146.
LAKE D L,KIRK P W W,LESTER J N.1984.Fractionation,characterization,and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soils:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,13(2):175-183.
LIANG H,JIN P,ZHU X,et al.2016.Characteristics of Speciation of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge of Guangzhou as Fertilizer☆[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,31:232-240.
MADRID F,FLORIDO M C.2010.Effects of the presence of a composted biosolid on the metal immobilizing action of an urban soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,176(1-3):792-798.
SHIKAZONO N,TATEWAKI K,MOHIUDDIN K M,et al.2012.Sources,spatial variation,and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Tamagawa River in central Japan[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,341(1):13-26.
TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G,BISSON M.1979.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,51(7):844-851.
VIAENE J,VAN L J,VANDECASTEELE B,et al.2016.Opportunities and barriers to on-farm composting and compost application:A case study from northwestern Europe[J].Waste Management,48:181-192.
WONG J W,SELVAM A,ZHAO Z,et al.2011.Influence of different mixing ratios on in-vessel co-composting of sewage sludge with horse stable straw bedding waste:maturity and process evaluation[J].Waste Management&Research the Journal of the International Solid Wastes&Public Cleansing Association Iswa,29(11):1164-1170.
WU C,LI W,WANG K,et al.2015.Usage of pumice as bulking agent in sewage sludge composting[J].Bioresource Technology,190:516-521.
ZHAO Y,LU W,DAMGAARD A,et al.2015.Assessment of co-composting of sludge and woodchips in the perspective of environmental impacts(EASETECH)[J].Waste Management,42:55-60.
程毅,黄剑明,周柏明,等.2012.生石灰在污泥重金属钝化中的应用[J].环境工程,30(s2):325-326.
戴亮,任珺,陶玲,等.2012.污泥施用对土壤及小麦生理特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,31(2):362-368.
杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元.2007.施用石灰对Pb、Cd、Zn在土壤中的形态及大白菜中累积的影响[J].生态环境学报,16(6):1710-1713.
傅金祥,韩汝佳,沙明卓,等.2009.投加粉煤灰污泥好氧消化对重金属稳定化研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,26(5):77-80.
何瀚涛,程毅.2012.粉煤灰钝化污泥中重金属的应用研究[J].河南化工,29(2):3-4.
雷勋杰,曾正中,苟剑锋,等.2014.污泥堆肥化过程中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd的生物有效性研究[J].环境工程,32(6):109-113.
李铁民.2005.环境微生物资源原理与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社:180-181.
潘玉,郭浩磊,曾正中,等.2010.污泥堆肥前后重金属Ni和Cd形态变化研究[J].安徽农业科学,38(31):17708-17709.
潘玉.2011.添加粉煤灰堆肥化及淋滤对污泥重金属影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学.
生骏,陆文静,王洪涛.2007.粉煤灰对污泥堆肥过程和土地施用后交换态重金属(Cu,Zn,Pb)的影响[J].环境科学,28(6):1367-1371.
孙军,邓四化,徐俊,等.2017.土壤重金属形态分析方法及其与环境风险的关系[J].上海电气技术,10(2):50-54.
王晓利.2014.复合添加剂对污泥堆肥化重金属形态的影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学.
王陈丝丝,马友华,于倩倩,等.2016.钝化剂对农田土壤重金属形态与其稳定性影响研究[J].中国农学通报,32(1):172-177.
吴孔阳,张静,陈淋转,等.2017.牡丹内生真菌高抑菌活性菌株的筛选及培养基优化[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,(7):199-202.
徐福银,包兵,胡艳燕,等.2015.城市污泥堆肥资源化利用研究进展[C]//中国环境科学学会.2015年中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集.
严迎燕.2016.浅谈我国城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状[J].广东化工,43(11):204-205.
姚岚,王成端.2008.不同钝化剂对污泥堆肥过程中重金属形态的影响研究[J].环境卫生工程,16(2):8-10.
张传琦.2011.土壤中重金属砷、镉、铅、铬、泵有效态浸提剂的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学.
张宗国,吴永丽,何梦玲.2004.城市污水处理厂污泥的土地利用[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,25(2):78-81.
赵述华,陈志良,张太平,等.2014.稳定化处理对矿渣中重金属迁移转化的影响研究[J].环境科学,35(4):1548-1554.
庄明明.2011.不同添加材料对生活污泥中营养成分及重金属的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学.
曾正中,张贺飞,潘玉,等.2011.污泥添加粉煤灰堆肥化对Cu、Zn、Pb形态的影响[J].水土保持学报,25(5):144-146.
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