低温条件下好氧颗粒污泥培养及其脱氮性能研究
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摘要
为研究在低温条件下好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)的形成及其脱氮性能,在序批式反应器(SBR)中15℃条件下60d内培养出了成熟的具有良好短程硝化功能的AGS,稳定运行阶段亚硝酸盐氮积累率(NAR)可以达到90%以上,扫描电镜显示AGS主要由短杆菌和球菌构成.通过批次实验研究了温度在15℃时,粒径为R1(1.0～2.0mm)、R2 (2.0～3.0mm)和R3 (>3.0mm)的短程硝化AGS的脱氮特性.其中R1亚硝酸盐氮积累效果最差,R2、R3相差不大,其NAR均可达到90%左右,效果较好.AGS粒径的增大会对基质的传质产生影响,这为氨化细菌(AOB)、硝化细菌(NOB)和反硝化细菌的生长提供了适宜的场所,有利于短程硝化的实现.通过微电极测定,在温度为15℃、水中溶解氧(DO)浓度为6～7mg/L时,AGS中氧气的传质深度为600～700μm.
In order to study the formation of aerobic granular sludge and nutrients removal characteristics under low temperature, asequencing batch reactor(SBR) has been operated at 15℃. The results showed that the mature AGS which have good performance ofpartial nitrification were obtained within 60 days and nitrite accumulation rate(NAR) can achieve above 90% in stable operationstages. The picture of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that AGS mainly consisted of short bacillus and cocci. Thenutrients removal performance of AGS in different particlesizes R1(1.0～2.0 mm), R2(2.0～3.0 mm), and R3(above 3.0 mm) wereinvestigated by gas collector batch tests under 15℃.The nutrients removal performanceof R2 and R3 were better than R1 and theirNAR were above 90%. The increase of particle size would affect mass transfer of substrate and then provide appropriate places forammonium oxidizing bacteria(AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) and denitrifying bacteria which are good for nitrification. Thedepth of DO in AGS was 600～700μm when the DO in the bulk water was 6～7 mg/L at 15℃ through the determination ofmicroelectrode.
In order to study the formation of aerobic granular sludge and nutrients removal characteristics under low temperature, asequencing batch reactor(SBR) has been operated at 15℃. The results showed that the mature AGS which have good performance ofpartial nitrification were obtained within 60 days and nitrite accumulation rate(NAR) can achieve above 90% in stable operationstages. The picture of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that AGS mainly consisted of short bacillus and cocci. Thenutrients removal performance of AGS in different particlesizes R1(1.0～2.0 mm), R2(2.0～3.0 mm), and R3(above 3.0 mm) wereinvestigated by gas collector batch tests under 15℃.The nutrients removal performanceof R2 and R3 were better than R1 and theirNAR were above 90%. The increase of particle size would affect mass transfer of substrate and then provide appropriate places forammonium oxidizing bacteria(AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) and denitrifying bacteria which are good for nitrification. Thedepth of DO in AGS was 600～700μm when the DO in the bulk water was 6～7 mg/L at 15℃ through the determination ofmicroelectrode.
引文
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[19]Kishida N,Kim J,Tsuneda S,et al.Anaerobic/oxic/anoxic granularsludge process as an effective nutrient removal process utilizing denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms[J].Water Research,2006,40(12):2303-2310.
[20]Bian W,Zhang S,Zhang Y,et al.Achieving nitritation in a continuous moving bed biofilm reactor at different temperatures through ratio control[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,226:73-79.
[21]Zhou J H,Zhang Z M,Zhao H,et al.Optimizing granules size distribution for aerobic granular sludge stability:Effect of a novel funnel-shaped internals on hydraulic shear stress[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:562-570.
[22]Toh S,Tay J,Moy B,et al.Size-effect on the physicalcharacteristics of the aerobic granule in a SBR[J].Application of Microbiology Biotechnology,2003,60(6):687-695.
[2]王文啸,卞伟,王盟,等.两段式曝气对好氧颗粒污泥脱氮性能的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(10):4332-4339.Wang W X,Bian W,Wang M,et al.Effect of two-stage aeration on ntrogen removal performance of aerobic granular sludge[J].Environment Science,2017,38(10):4332-4339.
[3]Guo J H,Peng Y Z,Wang S Y,et al.Long-term effect of dissolved oxygen on partial nitrification performance and microbial community structure[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(11):2796-2802.
[4]董晶晶,吴迪,马珂,等.好氧颗粒污泥工艺强化脱氮研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(1):177-186.Dong J J,Wu D,Ma K,et al.Review on enhanced denitrification of aerobic granular sludge technology[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2018,24(1):177-186.
[5]Adams H E,Crump B C,Kling G W.Temperature controls on aquatic bacterial production and community dynamics in arctic lakes and streams[J].Environmental Microbiology,2010,12(5):1319-1333.
[6]Gnida A,Wiszniowski J,Felis E,et al.The effect of temperature on the efficiency of industrial wastewater nitrification and its(geno)toxicity[J].Archives of Environmental Protection,2016,42(1):27-34.
[7]de Kreuk M K,Pronk M,van Loosdrecht M C.Formation of aerobic granules and conversion processes in an aerobic granular sludge reactor at moderate and low temperatures[J].Water Research,2005,39(18):4476-4484.
[8]郭安,彭永臻,王然登,等.低温好氧颗粒污泥的培养及处理生活污水研究[J].中国给水排水,2015,(19):38-42.Guo A,Peng Y Z,Wang R D,et al.Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge under low temperature and its application to treatment ofmunicipal domestic sewage[J].China Water and Wastewater,2015,(19):38-42.
[9]王硕,阮智宇,王燕,等.低温好氧颗粒污泥反应器的启动特性研究[J].中国给水排水,2014,(23):1-5.Wang S,Ran Z Y,Wang Y,et al.Start-up characteristics of aerobic granular sludge bioreactor at low temperature[J].China Water and Wastewater,2014(23):1-5.
[10]李定昌,王琦,高景峰,等.不同粒径成熟好氧颗粒污泥EPS的三维荧光光谱特性[J].中国给水排水,2018,7(34):26-31.Li D C,Wang Q,Gao J F,et al.Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of extracellular polymeric substances of mature aerobic granular sludge with different particle sizes[J].China Water and Wastewater,2018,7(34):26-31.
[11]Kreuk M K D,Pronk M,Loosdrecht M C M V.Formation of aerobic granules and conversion processes in an aerobic granular sludge reactor at moderate and low temperatures[J].Water Research,2005,39(18):4476-4484.
[12]Bao R L,Yu S L,Shi W X,et al.Aerobic granules formation and nutrients removal characteristics in sequencing batch airlift reactor(SBAR)at low temperature.[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(2):1334-1340.
[13]Bhunia P,Ghangrekar M M.Required minimum granule size in UASBreactor and characteristics variation with size[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(5):994-999.
[14]Zheng Y M,Yu H Q,Sheng G P.Physical and chemical characteristics of granular activated sludge from a sequencing batch airlift reactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(2):645-650.
[15]An P,Xu X C,Yang F L,et al.Comparison of the characteristics of anammox granules of different sizes[J].Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering,2013,18(3):446-454.
[16]Guisasola A,Jubany I,Beaza,JA,et al.Respirometric estimation of the oxygen affinity constants for biological ammonium and nitrite oxidation[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2005,80(4):388-396.
[17]Anthonisen A C,Loehr R C,Prakasam T B S,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous-acid[J].Water Pollution Control Federation,1976,48(5):835-852.
[18]Rathnayake R M L D,Song Y,Tumendelger A,et al.Source identification of nitrous oxide on autotrophic partial nitrification in a granular sludge reactor[J].Water Research,2013,47(19):7078-7086.
[19]Kishida N,Kim J,Tsuneda S,et al.Anaerobic/oxic/anoxic granularsludge process as an effective nutrient removal process utilizing denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms[J].Water Research,2006,40(12):2303-2310.
[20]Bian W,Zhang S,Zhang Y,et al.Achieving nitritation in a continuous moving bed biofilm reactor at different temperatures through ratio control[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,226:73-79.
[21]Zhou J H,Zhang Z M,Zhao H,et al.Optimizing granules size distribution for aerobic granular sludge stability:Effect of a novel funnel-shaped internals on hydraulic shear stress[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:562-570.
[22]Toh S,Tay J,Moy B,et al.Size-effect on the physicalcharacteristics of the aerobic granule in a SBR[J].Application of Microbiology Biotechnology,2003,60(6):687-695.
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