废线路板处理工艺中持久性有毒物质环境释放特征
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摘要
以江苏省某示范企业为例,对废线路板退锡和粉碎2个处理阶段的有组织、无组织废气以及废线路板处理余物中的持久性有毒物质(PTS)进行检测,并对其环境释放特征进行分析。结果表明,退锡阶段无组织废气中氯代二噁英类物质的浓度显著高于有组织废气,粉碎阶段有机和无机PTS浓度均高于退锡阶段,无机PTS的环境释放主要为悬浮颗粒物中的Pb、Cd、Cr及其化合物。通过PTS物质流分析可知,无机PTS释放质量分数(0. 0%～22. 0%)高于有机PTS释放质量分数(0. 0%～1. 0%),在金属和非金属粉末中含有大量的有机PTS。提出,采用自动化设施,减少工人的车间工作时间,降低其职业暴露风险,并关注废线路板处理余物的后续使用与处理。
This study takes one standard enterprise in Jiangsu Province as an example to analyze the environmental release characteristic of persistent toxic substance( PTS) in organized emission,unorganized emission and electronic waste residue during the treatment of waste circuit boards by detecting their concentration. The results showed that the concentration of chlorinated dioxins in the unorganized emission was significantly higher than that in the organized emission. In addition,the concentration of organic and inorganic PTS in the grinding technique is higher than that in the de-stannous technique. Among them,inorganic PTS is mainly composed of Pb,Cd,Cr and their compounds in suspended particulate matter. According to PTS material flow analysis,the release ratio of inorganic PTS( 0. 0% ～ 22. 0%) is higher than that of organic PTS( 0. 0% ～ 1. 0%). Unfortunately,a large amount of organic PTS remains in metal and non-metal powders. Therefore,further attention needs to be paid to the subsequent use and processing of waste circuit board processing residues. Moreover,it is proposed to use automated facilities to reduce the worker's workshop time to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.
This study takes one standard enterprise in Jiangsu Province as an example to analyze the environmental release characteristic of persistent toxic substance( PTS) in organized emission,unorganized emission and electronic waste residue during the treatment of waste circuit boards by detecting their concentration. The results showed that the concentration of chlorinated dioxins in the unorganized emission was significantly higher than that in the organized emission. In addition,the concentration of organic and inorganic PTS in the grinding technique is higher than that in the de-stannous technique. Among them,inorganic PTS is mainly composed of Pb,Cd,Cr and their compounds in suspended particulate matter. According to PTS material flow analysis,the release ratio of inorganic PTS( 0. 0% ～ 22. 0%) is higher than that of organic PTS( 0. 0% ～ 1. 0%). Unfortunately,a large amount of organic PTS remains in metal and non-metal powders. Therefore,further attention needs to be paid to the subsequent use and processing of waste circuit board processing residues. Moreover,it is proposed to use automated facilities to reduce the worker's workshop time to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.
引文
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[2]吴俊锋,高岩,姚敏,等.我国废旧家电回收处理中POPs/PTS的产生与减排研究[J].环境科技,2017,30(5):66-70.
[3] ONGONDO F O,WILLIAMS I D,CHERRETT T J. How are WEEE doing? A global review of the management of electrical and electronic wastes[J]. Waste Management,2011,31(4):714-730.
[4]于可利.废弃电器电子产品中的稀贵金属回收利用[J].资源再生,2016(1):46-48.
[5] LEUNG A O W,DUZGOREN-AYDIN N S,CHEUNG K C,et al.Heavy metals concentrations of surface dust from e-waste recycling and its human health implications in southeast China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(7):2674-2680.
[6] ORTNNO N,CONESA J A,MOLTOJ,et al. Pollutant emissions during pyrolysis and combustion of waste printed circuit boards,before and after metal removal[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2014(499):27-35.
[7]冷湘梓,姚敏,余辉,等.废弃电器电子产品中废线路板的POPs排放控制研究[J].污染防治技术,2018,31(1):55-58.
[8] WANG R,XU Z. Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE):A review[J].Waste Management,2014,34(8):1455-1469.
[9]顾明事,李兴福,赵泽华,等.江苏省废线路板处置利用现状及管理对策研究[J].污染防治技术,2017,30(5):90-94.
[10]许鹏.废弃印刷线路板热解及热解气焚烧机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
[11] SOLER A,CONESA J A,IN~IGUEZM E,et al. Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of materials combining biomass and,e-waste[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2018(622-623):1258-1264.
[12] DUAN H,LI J,LIU Y,et al. Characterizing the emission of chlorinated/brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans from low-temperature thermal processing of waste printed circuit board[J].Environmental Pollution,2012(161):185-191.
[13]黄蓉,毕承路,赵文杰,等.废线路板粉末中二噁英含量的测定[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(6):130-134.
[14] MREMA E J,RUBINO F M,BRAMBILLA G,et al. Persistent organochlorinated pesticides and mechanisms of their toxicity[J]. Toxicology,2013,307:74-88.
[15]京都议定书.斯德哥尔摩公约[J].信息导刊,2005(21):23.
[16]张杜杜,徐东军.废旧线路板非金属材料综合利用[J].再生资源与循环经济,2009,2(10):38-41.