常州市春季PM_(2.5)中细菌群落特征及影响因素
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摘要
为研究常州市春季PM_(2.5)中细菌群落特征,利用高通量测序对PM_(2.5)中细菌的16S r RNA基因进行研究.测序获得的有效序列数为600150,以97%的相似水平划分,各样品的OTUs为1890～6519,同时样本的Coverage指数较高,表明测序结果可以准确地代表样本中的空气细菌群落.物种注释结果表明:常州春季PM_(2.5)中相对丰度>1%的有11个细菌门、14个细菌纲和12个细菌属,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是排名前3的优势细菌类群,占总基因丰度的80.88%.属水平优势细菌主要有拟甲色球藻属(Chroococcidiopsis,6.03%)、Rubellimicrobium(5.95%)、微囊藻属(Microcystis,4.86%)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas,3.16%),但在属水平上未能进行分类的基因序列比例高达81.11%.基于PM_(2.5)中细菌群落组成进行来源分析,发现常州市春季PM_(2.5)中细菌的环境来源多变,其主要环境源可能为淡水,其次是土壤、植物和人为源.利用冗余分析探讨环境因子与细菌群落的关系,结果表明,NH_4~+、NO_3~-、O_3、SO_4~(2-)、OC、气压和CO是常州市春季PM_(2.5)中细菌群落的主要影响因子,同时不同环境因子对不同细菌类群影响不同.
In order to investigate the characteristics of the airborne bacterial community in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring, the 16S rRNA gene of bacterial in PM_(2.5) samples was studied by high-throughput sequencing. 600150 sequences obtained could be divided into 1890～6519 OTUs of each sample at 97% similarity level. The Coverage index of the samples was high and could accurately represent the airborne bacterial community in the samples. Species annotation results indicated that there were 11 bacterial phyla, 14 bacterial classes, 12 bacterial genera with relative abundance greater than 1% in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the top 3 dominant phyla, accounting for 80.88% of the total gene abundance. At the genus level, Chroococcidiopsis(6.03%), Rubellimicrobium(5.95%), Microcystis(4.86%) and Sphingomonas(3.16%) were predominant, but the proportion of gene sequences that failed to be classified was up to 81.11%. Based on the source analysis of bacterial community composition in PM_(2.5), it was found that the environmental sources of bacteria in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring were varied, and the main environmental source might be fresh water, followed by soil, plants and anthropogenic sources. The results of redundancy analysis(RDA) for the relationship between environmental factors and bacterial community showed that NH_4~+, NO_3~-, O_3, SO_4~(2-), OC, air pressure and CO were the main environmental factors affecting the bacterial community in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring. At the same time, varied environmental factors had different effects on bacterial groups.
In order to investigate the characteristics of the airborne bacterial community in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring, the 16S rRNA gene of bacterial in PM_(2.5) samples was studied by high-throughput sequencing. 600150 sequences obtained could be divided into 1890～6519 OTUs of each sample at 97% similarity level. The Coverage index of the samples was high and could accurately represent the airborne bacterial community in the samples. Species annotation results indicated that there were 11 bacterial phyla, 14 bacterial classes, 12 bacterial genera with relative abundance greater than 1% in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the top 3 dominant phyla, accounting for 80.88% of the total gene abundance. At the genus level, Chroococcidiopsis(6.03%), Rubellimicrobium(5.95%), Microcystis(4.86%) and Sphingomonas(3.16%) were predominant, but the proportion of gene sequences that failed to be classified was up to 81.11%. Based on the source analysis of bacterial community composition in PM_(2.5), it was found that the environmental sources of bacteria in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring were varied, and the main environmental source might be fresh water, followed by soil, plants and anthropogenic sources. The results of redundancy analysis(RDA) for the relationship between environmental factors and bacterial community showed that NH_4~+, NO_3~-, O_3, SO_4~(2-), OC, air pressure and CO were the main environmental factors affecting the bacterial community in Changzhou's PM_(2.5) samples during spring. At the same time, varied environmental factors had different effects on bacterial groups.
引文
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[35]Fan L M,Song C,Meng S L,et al.Spatial distribution of planktonic bacterial and archaeal communities in the upper section of the tidal reach in Yangtze River[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:39147.
[36]Maki T,Hara K,Kobayashi F,et al.Vertical distribution of airborne bacterial communities in an Asian-dust downwind area,Noto Peninsula[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,119:282-293.
[37]赵亚冰.青岛市市区街道和人工湿地空气细菌群落结构研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2015.
[38]Su X M,Steinman A D,Xue Q J,et al.Temporal patterns of phyto-and bacterioplankton and their relationships with environmental factors in Lake Taihu,China[J].Chemosphere,2017,184:299-308.
[39]Li J F,Zhang J Y,Liu L Y,et al.Annual periodicity in planktonic bacterial and archaeal community composition of eutrophic Lake Taihu[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:15488.
[40]Huffman J A,Prenni A J,Demott P J,et al.High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2013,13(13):6151-6164.
[41]Soleimani Z,Parhizgari N,Rad H D,et al.Normal and dusty days comparison of culturable indoor airborne bacteria in Ahvaz,Iran[J].Aerobiologia,2015,31(2):127-141.
[42]Han Y P,Li L,Liu J X,et al.Microbial structure and chemical components of aerosols caused by rotating brushes in a wastewater treatment plant[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2012,19(9):4097-4108.
[43]Innocente E,Squizzato S,Visin F,et al.Influence of seasonality,air mass origin and particulate matter chemical composition on airborne bacterial community structure in the Po Valley,Italy[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,s593-594:677-687.
[44]翟晴飞,金莲姬,林振毅,等.石家庄春季大气气溶胶数浓度和谱的观测特征[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(6):886-891.
[2]廖旭,胡安谊,杨晓永,等.厦门冬季PM2.5颗粒物中细菌和真核微型生物群落组成及其来源分析[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(8):1395-1400.
[3]靳璐滨,臧增亮,潘晓滨,等.PM2.5和PM2.5~10资料同化及在南京青奥会期间的应用试验[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):331-341.
[4]Ye Z L,Li Q,Liu J S,et al.Investigation of submicron aerosol characteristics in Changzhou,China:Composition,source,and comparison with co-collected PM2.5[J].Chemosphere,2017,183:176-185.
[5]王琳,宋志文,徐爱玲,等.青岛市秋季空气微生物群落多样性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(4):1121-1129.
[6]王步英,郎继东,张丽娜,等.基于16S r RNA基因测序法分析北京霾污染过程中PM2.5和PM10细菌群落特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2727-2734.
[7]Tan J H,Zhang L M,Zhou X M,et al.Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Lanzhou,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,601-602:1743-1752.
[8]Rogula-Koz?owska W.Size-segregated urban particulate matter:mass closure,chemical composition,and primary and secondary matter content[J].Air Quality Atmosphere&Health,2016,9(5):533-550.
[9]Cao S J,Kong X R,Li L Y,et al.An investigation of the PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations and their human health impacts in the metro subway system of Suzhou,China[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2017,19(5):666-675.
[10]Bari M A,Kindzierski W B.Ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in Canadian oil sands communities:Levels,sources and potential human health risk[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,595:828-838.
[11]Sun Y J,Wang T Y,Peng X W,et al.Bacterial community compositions in sediment polluted by perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)using Illumina high-throughput sequencing[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2016,23(11):10556-10565.
[12]Zhang W,Chen L,Zhang R,et al.High throughput sequencing analysis of the joint effects of BDE209-Pb on soil bacterial community structure[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,301:1-7.
[13]马曼曼,甄毓,米铁柱,等.青岛冬季霾天不同粒径生物气溶胶中细菌群落特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):2855-2865.
[14]Adams R I,Miletto M,Lindow S E,et al.Airborne bacterial communities in residences:similarities and differences with fungi[J].Plos One,2014,9(3):e91283.
[15]黄琼.南昌市PM10和PM2.5中微生物群落的分布及其相关性分析[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[16]Cao C,Jiang W J,Wang B Y,et al.Inhalable microorganisms in Beijing’s PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants during a severe smog event[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(3):1499-1507.
[17]Zhang J Y,Ding X,Guan R,et al.Evaluation of different 16S r RNA gene V regions for exploring bacterial diversity in a eutrophic freshwater lake[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,618:1254-1267.
[18]Desantis T Z,Hugenholtz P,Larsen N,et al.Greengenes:chimerachecked 16S r RNA gene database and workbenchcompatible in ARB[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(7):5069-5072.
[19]Caporaso J G,Kuczynski J,Stombaugh J,et al.QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data[J].Nature Methods,2010,7(5):335-336.
[20]Ter-Braak C J F,?milauer P.CANOCO reference manual and Cano Draw for Windows user's guide:software for canonical community ordination(version 4.5)[R].Ithaca,New York:Microcomputer Power,2002.
[21]王步英.北京冬季大气中细菌群落结构特征及霾污染对其影响[D].北京:清华大学,2015.
[22]苟欢歌,谢纯斌,童延斌,等.石河子市春季大气颗粒物TSP和PM10中微生物群落特征[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2343-2349.
[23]刘洋,朱梦灵,徐瑶,等.中国蓝藻植物的新记录属—拟甲色球藻[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(3):413-417.
[24]Figuerola E L M,Guerrero L D,Rosa S M,et al.Bacterial indicator of agricultural management for soil under no-till crop production[J].Plos One,2012,7(11):e51075.
[25]Balkwill D L,Fredrickson J K,Romine M F.Sphingomonas and related genera[M].New York:Springer,2006:605-629.
[26]陈立,邢瑞云,董俊兴.Deinococcus属细菌分类和应用的研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2008,28(5):73-76.
[27]Lidstrom M E,Chistoserdova L.Plants in the pink:cytokinin production by Methylobacterium[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2002,184(7):1818.
[28]Fahlgren C,Bratbak G,Sandaa R A,et al.Diversity of airborne bacteria in samples collected using different devices for aerosol collection[J].Aerobiologia,2011,27(2):107-120.
[29]Gao C Y,Wang A J,Wu W M,et al.Enrichment of anodic biofilm inoculated with anaerobic or aerobic sludge in single chambered aircathode microbial fuel cells[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,167(3):124-132.
[30]Fang Z G,Yao W C,Lou X Q,et al.Profile and characteristics of culturable airborne bacteria in Hangzhou,southeast of China[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2016,16(7):1690-1700.
[31]姚文冲.基于高通量测序的南方典型旅游城市空气细菌群落特征研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2016:72-74.
[32]Kozińska A,Pa?dzior E,P?kala A,et al.Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter lwoffii-the emerging fish pathogens[J].Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy,2014,58(2):193-199.
[33]Borst L B,Suyemoto M M,Keelara S,et al.A chicken embryo lethality assay for pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum[J].Avian Diseases,2014,58(2):244-248.
[34]Zeng Q C,An S S,Liu Y.Soil bacterial community response to vegetation succession after fencing in the grassland of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,609:2-10.
[35]Fan L M,Song C,Meng S L,et al.Spatial distribution of planktonic bacterial and archaeal communities in the upper section of the tidal reach in Yangtze River[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:39147.
[36]Maki T,Hara K,Kobayashi F,et al.Vertical distribution of airborne bacterial communities in an Asian-dust downwind area,Noto Peninsula[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,119:282-293.
[37]赵亚冰.青岛市市区街道和人工湿地空气细菌群落结构研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2015.
[38]Su X M,Steinman A D,Xue Q J,et al.Temporal patterns of phyto-and bacterioplankton and their relationships with environmental factors in Lake Taihu,China[J].Chemosphere,2017,184:299-308.
[39]Li J F,Zhang J Y,Liu L Y,et al.Annual periodicity in planktonic bacterial and archaeal community composition of eutrophic Lake Taihu[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:15488.
[40]Huffman J A,Prenni A J,Demott P J,et al.High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2013,13(13):6151-6164.
[41]Soleimani Z,Parhizgari N,Rad H D,et al.Normal and dusty days comparison of culturable indoor airborne bacteria in Ahvaz,Iran[J].Aerobiologia,2015,31(2):127-141.
[42]Han Y P,Li L,Liu J X,et al.Microbial structure and chemical components of aerosols caused by rotating brushes in a wastewater treatment plant[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2012,19(9):4097-4108.
[43]Innocente E,Squizzato S,Visin F,et al.Influence of seasonality,air mass origin and particulate matter chemical composition on airborne bacterial community structure in the Po Valley,Italy[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,s593-594:677-687.
[44]翟晴飞,金莲姬,林振毅,等.石家庄春季大气气溶胶数浓度和谱的观测特征[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(6):886-891.