高能瞬时电脉冲处理对42CrMo钢组织与性能的影响
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摘要
采用XRD、SEM及TEM等手段,研究了42Cr Mo钢经高能瞬时电脉冲及传统处理后组织与性能的变化。结果表明,480 ms电脉冲处理后水冷(EPQ)处理可细化42Cr Mo钢的晶粒和组织,促进残余奥氏体及孪晶马氏体的形成,处理后的综合力学性能比传统淬火(TQ)态42Cr Mo钢提高32%;随后的180 ms电脉冲处理后空冷(EPT)处理可提高EPQ态42Cr Mo钢中残余奥氏体的稳定性,促进复相组织的形成,处理后的综合力学性能比其经传统回火(TT)处理后提高13.9%。
42 Cr Mo steel was widely used in many industry fields for its excellent hardenability and high temperature strength.Many transmission mechanisms and fasteners,such as roller and heat-resistant gear,are made of this steel.However,the ductility of 42 Cr Mo steel is relatively low after quenching and tempering.During high tempering Mo riched carbides at grain boundary and undecomposable martensite at low tempering are the main reasons for poor ductility of 42 Cr Mo steel.Grain refinement can enhance both strength and ductility significantly,but traditional refinement technology will cause intergranular oxidation so that strengthening effect was weak.Although thermomechanical treatment can achieve dynamic recrystallization,its refinement effect is unstable.Elecropulsing treatment,which makes significant change in microstructure and properties of metals,has been applied in many fields such as,modification of solidified microstructure of liquid metal,healing of fatigue crack,nanocrystallization of amorphous materials and so on.Moreover,this process can produce superior mechanical properties in metals.In order to improve the mechanical properties of 42 Cr Mo steel better,high-energy and instantaneous electropulsing treatment was applied.In this contribution,42 Cr Mo steel was subjected to traditional and electropulsing treatment individually.It was found that EPQ treatment(480 ms electropulsing treatment,water cooled) results in finer grain,promoting the formation of retained austenite and twin martensite;EPT treatment(180 ms electropulsing treatment,air cooled) can stabilize retained austenite in EPQ specimen and induce multiphase structure.Mechanical properties results indicate that strength-ductility balance of EPQ and EPQ+EPT specimen are 32% and 13.9% higher than that of TQ(traditional quenched)and EPQ+TT(traditional tempered) specimen respectively.
42 Cr Mo steel was widely used in many industry fields for its excellent hardenability and high temperature strength.Many transmission mechanisms and fasteners,such as roller and heat-resistant gear,are made of this steel.However,the ductility of 42 Cr Mo steel is relatively low after quenching and tempering.During high tempering Mo riched carbides at grain boundary and undecomposable martensite at low tempering are the main reasons for poor ductility of 42 Cr Mo steel.Grain refinement can enhance both strength and ductility significantly,but traditional refinement technology will cause intergranular oxidation so that strengthening effect was weak.Although thermomechanical treatment can achieve dynamic recrystallization,its refinement effect is unstable.Elecropulsing treatment,which makes significant change in microstructure and properties of metals,has been applied in many fields such as,modification of solidified microstructure of liquid metal,healing of fatigue crack,nanocrystallization of amorphous materials and so on.Moreover,this process can produce superior mechanical properties in metals.In order to improve the mechanical properties of 42 Cr Mo steel better,high-energy and instantaneous electropulsing treatment was applied.In this contribution,42 Cr Mo steel was subjected to traditional and electropulsing treatment individually.It was found that EPQ treatment(480 ms electropulsing treatment,water cooled) results in finer grain,promoting the formation of retained austenite and twin martensite;EPT treatment(180 ms electropulsing treatment,air cooled) can stabilize retained austenite in EPQ specimen and induce multiphase structure.Mechanical properties results indicate that strength-ductility balance of EPQ and EPQ+EPT specimen are 32% and 13.9% higher than that of TQ(traditional quenched)and EPQ+TT(traditional tempered) specimen respectively.
引文
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[12]Guo X N,Shen Y F,Zhou Y Z,et al.Effect of a single high current density electropulsing on the mechanical properties of H62[J].Chin.J.Mater.Res.,1999,13:73(郭晓楠,沈以赴,周亦冑等.高密度单脉冲电流对H62铜带力学性能的影响[J].材料研究学报,1999,13:73)
[13]Lu W J,Qin R S.Stability of martensite with pulsed electric current in dual-phase steels[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2016,A677:252
[14]Kasatkin O G,Vinokur B B,Pilyushenko V L.Calculation models for determining the critical points of steel[J].Met.Sci.Heat Treat.,1984,26:27
[15]Morito S,Tanaka H,Konishi R,et al.The morphology and crystallography of lath martensite in Fe-C alloys[J].Acta Mater.,2003,51:1789
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[17]Lu W J,Qin R S.Effects of electropulsing on the microstructure evolution of 316L stainless steel[J].Adv.Mater.Res.,2014,992:223
[18]Morsdorf L,Jeannin O,Barbier D,et al.Multiple mechanisms of lath martensite plasticity[J].Acta Mater.,2016,121:202
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[21]Jimenez-Melero E,Van Dijk N H,Zhao L,et al.Characterization of individual retained austenite grains and their stability in lowalloyed TRIP steels[J].Acta Mater.,2007,55:6713
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[23]Lin H Q,Zhao Y G,Zhao Y G,er al.Numerical simulation of temperature and thermal stress fields in cast-hot-working-die steel under high density electropulsing[J].ISIJ Int.,2008,48:971
[24]Nakada N,Syarif J,Tsuchiyama T,et al.Improvement of strengthductility balance by copper addition in 9%Ni steels[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2004,A374:137
[25]Sinclair C W,Poole W J,Bréchet Y.A model for the grain size dependent work hardening of copper[J].Scr.Mater.,2006,55:739
[26]Chiang J,Lawrence B,Boyd J D,et al.Effect of microstructure on retained austenite stability and work hardening of TRIP steels[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2011,A528:4516
[27]Choi K S,Liu W N,Sun X,et al.Microstructure-based constitutive modeling of TRIP steel:Prediction of ductility and failure modes under different loading conditions[J].Acta Mater.,2009,57:2592
[2]Chen J D,Mo W L,Wang P,et al.Effects of tempering temperature on the impact toughness of steel 42Cr Mo[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2012,48:1186(陈俊丹,莫文林,王培等.回火温度对42Cr Mo钢冲击韧性的影响[J].金属学报,2012,48:1186)
[3]Li J,Chen Z W,Liu D K.Heat treatment for high strengh blade shaft of 42Cr Mo steel[J].Heavy Cast.Forg.,2000,(4):25(李进,陈增武,刘定坤.42Cr Mo钢高强度叶片轴的热处理[J].大型铸锻件,2000,(4):25)
[4]Xu G X,Chen L,Li B,et al.Influence of repeated quenching and tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of 42Cr Mo steel[J].Heat Treat.Met.,2014,39(5):112(徐钢新,陈亮,李勃等.多次调质对42Cr Mo钢组织和力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2014,39(5):112)
[5]Feng F C,Hong H P,Xiao Y.Dynamic recrystallization rule and model of 42Cr Mo4 steel[A].The 9th CSM Biennial Conference[C].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2013:2497(冯富春,洪慧平,肖玉.42Cr Mo4钢动态再结晶规律及动态再结晶模型研究[A].第九届中国钢铁年会论文集[C].北京:冶金工业出版社,2013:2497)
[6]Conrad H.Electro-plasticity in metals and ceramics[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2000,A287:276
[7]Yang D,Conrad H.Exploratory study into the effects of an electric field and of high current density electropulsing on the plastic deformation of Ti Al[J].Intermetallics,2001,9:943
[8]Mizubayashi H,Okuda S.Structural relaxation induced by passing electric current in amorphous Cu50Ti50at low temperature[J].Phys.Rev.,1989,40B:8057
[9]Barnak J P,Sprecher A F,Conrad H.Colony(grain)size reduction in eutectic Pb-Sn castings by electropulsing[J].Scr.Metall.Mater.,1995,32:879
[10]Song H,Wang Z J,He X D,et al.Self-healing of damage inside metals triggered by electropulsing stimuli[J].Sci.Rep.,2017,7:7079
[11]Zhang J T,Zhao Y G,Tan J,et al.Microstructure refinement and property improvement of metastable austenitic manganese steel induced by electropulsing[J].J.Iron Steel Res.Int.,2014,21:685
[12]Guo X N,Shen Y F,Zhou Y Z,et al.Effect of a single high current density electropulsing on the mechanical properties of H62[J].Chin.J.Mater.Res.,1999,13:73(郭晓楠,沈以赴,周亦冑等.高密度单脉冲电流对H62铜带力学性能的影响[J].材料研究学报,1999,13:73)
[13]Lu W J,Qin R S.Stability of martensite with pulsed electric current in dual-phase steels[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2016,A677:252
[14]Kasatkin O G,Vinokur B B,Pilyushenko V L.Calculation models for determining the critical points of steel[J].Met.Sci.Heat Treat.,1984,26:27
[15]Morito S,Tanaka H,Konishi R,et al.The morphology and crystallography of lath martensite in Fe-C alloys[J].Acta Mater.,2003,51:1789
[16]Jiang B Y,Guan L,Tang G Y,et al.Improved mechanical properties of Mg-9Al-1Zn by the combination of aging,cold-rolling and electropulsing treatment[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2015,626:297
[17]Lu W J,Qin R S.Effects of electropulsing on the microstructure evolution of 316L stainless steel[J].Adv.Mater.Res.,2014,992:223
[18]Morsdorf L,Jeannin O,Barbier D,et al.Multiple mechanisms of lath martensite plasticity[J].Acta Mater.,2016,121:202
[19]Yang Z Y,Chen J Y,Su J,et al.TEM study on relative orientation between adjacent martensite laths[J].Trans.Mater.Heat Treat.,2004,25:35(杨卓越,陈嘉砚,苏杰等.相邻板条马氏体间位向关系的TEM研究[J].材料热处理学报,2004,25:35)
[20]Wang J J,Van Der Zwaag S.Stabilization mechanisms of retained austenite in transformation-induced plasticity steel[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2001,32A:1527
[21]Jimenez-Melero E,Van Dijk N H,Zhao L,et al.Characterization of individual retained austenite grains and their stability in lowalloyed TRIP steels[J].Acta Mater.,2007,55:6713
[22]He F,Sun X J,Liu Q Y,et al.Microstructure and stability of retained austenite in a high Al-containing TRIP steel[J].Iron Steel,2009,44(12):87(何方,孙新军,刘清友等.高铝TRIP钢的微观组织与残余奥氏体稳定性研究[J].钢铁,2009,44(12):87)
[23]Lin H Q,Zhao Y G,Zhao Y G,er al.Numerical simulation of temperature and thermal stress fields in cast-hot-working-die steel under high density electropulsing[J].ISIJ Int.,2008,48:971
[24]Nakada N,Syarif J,Tsuchiyama T,et al.Improvement of strengthductility balance by copper addition in 9%Ni steels[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2004,A374:137
[25]Sinclair C W,Poole W J,Bréchet Y.A model for the grain size dependent work hardening of copper[J].Scr.Mater.,2006,55:739
[26]Chiang J,Lawrence B,Boyd J D,et al.Effect of microstructure on retained austenite stability and work hardening of TRIP steels[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2011,A528:4516
[27]Choi K S,Liu W N,Sun X,et al.Microstructure-based constitutive modeling of TRIP steel:Prediction of ductility and failure modes under different loading conditions[J].Acta Mater.,2009,57:2592
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