利用耳石矢平面轮纹宽度度量南极鱼类的生长:以南极电灯鱼为例
|
摘要
耳石矢平面轮纹宽度可用于指示鱼类的生长特性,这在其他种类中已得到应用,但在南极鱼类中尚无此类研究。为了探究耳石矢平面轮纹宽度在南极鱼类的适用性,本研究以南极电灯鱼(Electrona antarctica)为例,通过2016年1—2月于南凯尔盖朗海域3个站点采集的50尾南极电灯鱼,在对其进行年龄鉴定后,利用赤池信息准则(AIC)选取最适合的测量方向,并对耳石矢平面明暗交替的轮纹进行了宽度测量。在此基础上,本研究分别拟合耳石轮纹中的不透明带、透明带及不透明带和透明带所构成的完整年轮宽度与年龄、体长及体重之间的函数关系,并对轮纹的累加宽度和年龄、体长及体重进行了拟合。结果表明,在轮纹宽度与年龄的关系中, 3龄为轮纹宽度变化的转折点, 3龄之前南极电灯鱼快速生长,之后生长速度有所下降。在轮纹宽度分别与体长、体重的关系中,体长为70 mm、体重为8 g时为轮纹宽度变化的转折点。当体长不足70mm或体重不超过8g时,增长较快,且冬、夏季均有所增长,之后增长减缓,冬季增长十分微小,甚至停止增长。本研究探讨了耳石轮纹宽度随年龄、体长及体重变化的变化趋势,从而得出南极电灯鱼各生活史阶段生长在年龄、体长及体重方面的变化规律。本研究首次针对南极鱼类耳石的轮纹宽度与其生长之间的关系进行了分析,丰富了鱼类耳石研究的范畴。
Ring width in the sagittal plane of otoliths can be considered as an indicator of fish growth, though this application has not yet been applied to any Antarctic species. Therefore, a case study was made using 50 Antarctic lanternfish Electrona antarctica collected from three locations at the Southern Kerguelen Plateau,Indian sector, in January–February 2016, to investigate the species' growth. Akaike's information criterion was used to select the direction of measurement after aging the fish, and the ring width in the sagittal plane was measured in the selected direction. Relationships between opaque rings, translucent rings, and annual rings in the otoliths and the age, standard length(SL), and body weight of fish were fitted with different functions. Relationships between accumulative ring width of the otolith sections and the age, SL, and body weight of fish were also fitted. The results indicated significant difference at the period of 3 years old. E.antarctic rapid growth during the first three years, and thereafter the growth rate decreased. Change in ring width was observed when fish attained sizes of 70 mm SL or 8 g. E. antarctica grew rapidly at smaller sizes,and ring width in the otoliths increased during both winter and summer. This study demonstrated variation in ring width in otoliths with age, SL, and body weight, and thus with life-history stage. To our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze ring width in otoliths in relation to the growth of an Antarctic fish, thereby extending the field of fish otolith research.
Ring width in the sagittal plane of otoliths can be considered as an indicator of fish growth, though this application has not yet been applied to any Antarctic species. Therefore, a case study was made using 50 Antarctic lanternfish Electrona antarctica collected from three locations at the Southern Kerguelen Plateau,Indian sector, in January–February 2016, to investigate the species' growth. Akaike's information criterion was used to select the direction of measurement after aging the fish, and the ring width in the sagittal plane was measured in the selected direction. Relationships between opaque rings, translucent rings, and annual rings in the otoliths and the age, standard length(SL), and body weight of fish were fitted with different functions. Relationships between accumulative ring width of the otolith sections and the age, SL, and body weight of fish were also fitted. The results indicated significant difference at the period of 3 years old. E.antarctic rapid growth during the first three years, and thereafter the growth rate decreased. Change in ring width was observed when fish attained sizes of 70 mm SL or 8 g. E. antarctica grew rapidly at smaller sizes,and ring width in the otoliths increased during both winter and summer. This study demonstrated variation in ring width in otoliths with age, SL, and body weight, and thus with life-history stage. To our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze ring width in otoliths in relation to the growth of an Antarctic fish, thereby extending the field of fish otolith research.
引文
1 ANDRIASHEV A P.A general review of the Antarctic fish fauna[M].Biogeography and Ecology in Antarctica.Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands,1965:491-550.
2 MCGINNIS R F.Biogeography of lanternfishes(Myctophidae)south of 30°S[M]//Antarctic Research Series,1982,35:1-110.
3 HULLEY P A.Results of the research cruises of FRV‘Walther Herwig’to South America.LVIII.Family Myctophidae(Osteichthyes,Myctophiformes)[J].Archiv Fur Fischereiwissenschaft,1981,31:1-300.
4 ROWEDDER U.Feeding ecology of the myctophid-Electrona antarctica(Gunther,1878)(Teleostei)[J].Meeresforschung-Reports on Marine Research.1979,27(4):252-263.
5 LANCRAFT T M,TORRES J J,HOPKINS T L.Micronekton and macrozooplankton in the open waters near Antarctic ice edge zones(AMERIEZ 1983 and1986)[J].Polar Biology,1989,9(4):225-233.
6 COLLINS M A,STOWASSER G,FIELDING S,et al.Latitudinal and bathymetric patterns in the distribution and abundance of Mesopelagic Fish in the Scotia Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography,2012,S59-60(1):189-198.
7 HULLEY P A.Myctophidae[M]//SMITH M M,HEEMSTRA P C,eds.Smiths'sea fishes.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1986:282-321.
8 VAN DE PUTTE A P,VAN HOUDT J K J,MAES G E,et al.High genetic diversity and connectivity in a common mesopelagic fish of the Southern Ocean:The myctophid Electrona Antarctica[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2012,59/60:199-207.DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.05.011.
9 WALUDA C M,COLLINS M A,BLACK A D,et al.Linking predator and prey behavior:contrasts between Antarctic fur seals and macaroni penguins at South Georgia[J].Marine Biology,2010,157(1):99-112.
10 SAUNDERS R A,COLLINS M A,FOSTER E,et al.The trophodynamics of Southern Ocean Electrona,(Myctophidae)in the Scotia Sea[J].Polar Biology,2014,37(6):789-807.
11朱国平,李凤莹,冯春雷,等.南极南奥克尼群岛西部水域南极电灯鱼生物学[J].极地研究,2012,24(4):346-351.
12 GREELY T M,GARTNER JR V G,TORRES J J.Age and growth of Electrona antarctica(Pisces:Myctophidae),the Dominant Mesopelagic Fish of the Southern Ocean[J].Marine Biology,1998,133(1):145-158.
13 LIU Q,CHEN D G.Length frequency analysis of Pleuragramma antarcticum,Electrona antarctica,Protomyctophum bolini[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1995,13(4):380-384.
14 LINKOWSKI T B.Age and growth of four species of Electrona(Teleostei,Myctophidae)[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Congress of European Ichthyology,Stockholm.1985:435-442.
15 CAMPANA S E,THORROLD S R.Otoliths,increments,and elements:keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations?[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(1):30-38.
16 ERICKSON C M.Age determination of Manitoban Walleyes using otoliths,dorsal spines,and scales[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1983,3(2):176-181.
17蒋瑞,刘必林,刘华雪,等.三种常见经济虾蟹类眼柄微结构分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2018,49(1):99-105.
18陆化杰,陈新军,方舟,等.西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼耳石微结构及生长特性[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(3):15-25.
19 GAEMERS P A M.Taxonomic position of the Cichlidae(Pisces,Perciformes)as demonstrated by the morphology of their otoliths[J].Netherlands Journal of Zoology,1983,34(4):566-595.
20魏联,刘子俊,朱国平.阿根廷外海拉式南美南极鱼矢耳石形态特征分析[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(3):256-266.
21魏联,朱国平,刘子俊.基于形态学及傅里叶分析对两种南极冰鱼耳石外型的研究[J].极地研究,2017,29(2):218-227.
22 AKAIKE H.Information measures and model selection[J].International Statistical Institute,1983,50(1):277-290.
23 BURNHAM K P,ANDERSON D R.Model selection and multi-model inference:a practical information-theoretic approach(2nd ed.)[M].New York:Springer,2002.
24陈新军.渔业资源与渔场学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004:40.
25 CAMPANA S E,NEILSON J D.Microstructure of fish otoliths[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,1985,42(5):1014-1032.
26 TOHSE H,MUGIYA Y.Diel Variations in carbonate incorporation into otoliths in goldfish[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2002,61(1):199-206.
27 LUBIMOVA T G,SHUST K V,POPOV V V.Some features of the ecology of mesopelagic fish of family Myctophidae in the Southern Ocean[C]//Biological Resources of the Arctic and Antarctic[A].Moscow:Nauka,1987:320-337.(In Russian).
28 KELLERMANN A.Fish eggs and larvae[J].Ber.Polarforsch 62:157-158.
29 KELLERMANN A.The larval fish community in the zone of seasonal pack-ice cover and its seasonal and interannual variability[J].Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft,1989,39:81-109.
30 DALE T.Ambryogenesis and growth of otoliths in the cod(Gadus morhua L.)[C].Fl?devigen rapportserie,1984,1.
31 RADTKE R L.Cod fish otoliths:information storage structures[C].Fl?devigen rapportserie,1984,1.
32 WILLIAMS R.Conceptual model of antarctic epi and mesopelagic fish(CCAMLR,WG-EMM-04/58)[EB/OL].(2011-09-30)https://www.ccamlr.org/en/wg-emm-04/58.
33刘焕亮.我国养殖鱼类生长生物学的研究[C].中国水产学会淡水养殖分会学术年会,安徽,马鞍山,2007:183-193.
2 MCGINNIS R F.Biogeography of lanternfishes(Myctophidae)south of 30°S[M]//Antarctic Research Series,1982,35:1-110.
3 HULLEY P A.Results of the research cruises of FRV‘Walther Herwig’to South America.LVIII.Family Myctophidae(Osteichthyes,Myctophiformes)[J].Archiv Fur Fischereiwissenschaft,1981,31:1-300.
4 ROWEDDER U.Feeding ecology of the myctophid-Electrona antarctica(Gunther,1878)(Teleostei)[J].Meeresforschung-Reports on Marine Research.1979,27(4):252-263.
5 LANCRAFT T M,TORRES J J,HOPKINS T L.Micronekton and macrozooplankton in the open waters near Antarctic ice edge zones(AMERIEZ 1983 and1986)[J].Polar Biology,1989,9(4):225-233.
6 COLLINS M A,STOWASSER G,FIELDING S,et al.Latitudinal and bathymetric patterns in the distribution and abundance of Mesopelagic Fish in the Scotia Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography,2012,S59-60(1):189-198.
7 HULLEY P A.Myctophidae[M]//SMITH M M,HEEMSTRA P C,eds.Smiths'sea fishes.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1986:282-321.
8 VAN DE PUTTE A P,VAN HOUDT J K J,MAES G E,et al.High genetic diversity and connectivity in a common mesopelagic fish of the Southern Ocean:The myctophid Electrona Antarctica[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2012,59/60:199-207.DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.05.011.
9 WALUDA C M,COLLINS M A,BLACK A D,et al.Linking predator and prey behavior:contrasts between Antarctic fur seals and macaroni penguins at South Georgia[J].Marine Biology,2010,157(1):99-112.
10 SAUNDERS R A,COLLINS M A,FOSTER E,et al.The trophodynamics of Southern Ocean Electrona,(Myctophidae)in the Scotia Sea[J].Polar Biology,2014,37(6):789-807.
11朱国平,李凤莹,冯春雷,等.南极南奥克尼群岛西部水域南极电灯鱼生物学[J].极地研究,2012,24(4):346-351.
12 GREELY T M,GARTNER JR V G,TORRES J J.Age and growth of Electrona antarctica(Pisces:Myctophidae),the Dominant Mesopelagic Fish of the Southern Ocean[J].Marine Biology,1998,133(1):145-158.
13 LIU Q,CHEN D G.Length frequency analysis of Pleuragramma antarcticum,Electrona antarctica,Protomyctophum bolini[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1995,13(4):380-384.
14 LINKOWSKI T B.Age and growth of four species of Electrona(Teleostei,Myctophidae)[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Congress of European Ichthyology,Stockholm.1985:435-442.
15 CAMPANA S E,THORROLD S R.Otoliths,increments,and elements:keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations?[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(1):30-38.
16 ERICKSON C M.Age determination of Manitoban Walleyes using otoliths,dorsal spines,and scales[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1983,3(2):176-181.
17蒋瑞,刘必林,刘华雪,等.三种常见经济虾蟹类眼柄微结构分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2018,49(1):99-105.
18陆化杰,陈新军,方舟,等.西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼耳石微结构及生长特性[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(3):15-25.
19 GAEMERS P A M.Taxonomic position of the Cichlidae(Pisces,Perciformes)as demonstrated by the morphology of their otoliths[J].Netherlands Journal of Zoology,1983,34(4):566-595.
20魏联,刘子俊,朱国平.阿根廷外海拉式南美南极鱼矢耳石形态特征分析[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(3):256-266.
21魏联,朱国平,刘子俊.基于形态学及傅里叶分析对两种南极冰鱼耳石外型的研究[J].极地研究,2017,29(2):218-227.
22 AKAIKE H.Information measures and model selection[J].International Statistical Institute,1983,50(1):277-290.
23 BURNHAM K P,ANDERSON D R.Model selection and multi-model inference:a practical information-theoretic approach(2nd ed.)[M].New York:Springer,2002.
24陈新军.渔业资源与渔场学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004:40.
25 CAMPANA S E,NEILSON J D.Microstructure of fish otoliths[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,1985,42(5):1014-1032.
26 TOHSE H,MUGIYA Y.Diel Variations in carbonate incorporation into otoliths in goldfish[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2002,61(1):199-206.
27 LUBIMOVA T G,SHUST K V,POPOV V V.Some features of the ecology of mesopelagic fish of family Myctophidae in the Southern Ocean[C]//Biological Resources of the Arctic and Antarctic[A].Moscow:Nauka,1987:320-337.(In Russian).
28 KELLERMANN A.Fish eggs and larvae[J].Ber.Polarforsch 62:157-158.
29 KELLERMANN A.The larval fish community in the zone of seasonal pack-ice cover and its seasonal and interannual variability[J].Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft,1989,39:81-109.
30 DALE T.Ambryogenesis and growth of otoliths in the cod(Gadus morhua L.)[C].Fl?devigen rapportserie,1984,1.
31 RADTKE R L.Cod fish otoliths:information storage structures[C].Fl?devigen rapportserie,1984,1.
32 WILLIAMS R.Conceptual model of antarctic epi and mesopelagic fish(CCAMLR,WG-EMM-04/58)[EB/OL].(2011-09-30)https://www.ccamlr.org/en/wg-emm-04/58.
33刘焕亮.我国养殖鱼类生长生物学的研究[C].中国水产学会淡水养殖分会学术年会,安徽,马鞍山,2007:183-193.