西南涡影响下汉中盆地一次暴雨过程MCC雷达特征
|
摘要
利用多普勒雷达、NECP再分析、常规观测和自动站降水资料,对2015年6月28—29日西南涡影响下发生在汉中盆地的暴雨天气进行分析,探究了西南涡的中小尺度系统特征。本次暴雨过程是在850hPa西南涡影响下,伴随700hPa低空急流和对流层顶的高空辐散共同作用下产生的。强降水区集中在西南涡东北部的佛坪和镇巴两站。雷达强度场上,在西南涡的东北部有超级单体结构发展,对应两个强降水中心,超级单体持续1.5~2h左右,最强回波强度达58dBz。速度场上,超级单体伴随有深厚中气旋,两次暴雨过程中,中气旋分别位于超级单体的西南侧和中心,并在镇巴有带状逆风区存在。分析表明,由西南涡所诱发的中尺度对流复合体(MCC)中包含的超级单体是造成佛坪70.9mm/h和镇巴32.1mm/h强暴雨的直接原因,汉中盆地暴雨的发展与减弱直接受到超级单体风暴强弱的控制。
This paper explores the characteristics of the meso-and micro-scale systems in the southwest vortex during a rainstorm occurred in the Hanzhong basin from 28 to 29 June 2015 under the influence of the southwest vortex.For reference,the data of Doppler radar, NECP reanalysis,conventional observation and automatic meteorological stations are utilized.Under the 850 hPa the southwest vortex,the rainstorm formed by the combined effect of 700 hPa low-level jet stream and the upper divergence at the tropopause.The Foping and Zhenba,which locate at the northeast of the southwest vortex,were two mainly heavy rainfall areas.In the radar intensity field,the supercell kept developing in the northeast of southwest vortex for approximately 1.5 to 2 hours,which corresponds two heavy rainfall centers with the echo intensity reaching the highest(58 dBz),and in the velocity field,the supercells were accompanied by deep mesocyclones,which appeared at the southwest and central parts of the supercells.Besides there existed a banded adverse wind area over Zhengba.The results indicate that it was the supercell in a mesoscale convective complex in the southwest vortex,directly leading to the torrential rainfall(70.9 mm/h and32.1 mm/h)in Foping and Zhengba.The intensity change of the supercell determined the development of rainstorms in the Hanzhong basin.Meanwhile,we summarize the characteristics of the echoes with different magnitude,which provides a theoretical basis for rainstorm prediction.
This paper explores the characteristics of the meso-and micro-scale systems in the southwest vortex during a rainstorm occurred in the Hanzhong basin from 28 to 29 June 2015 under the influence of the southwest vortex.For reference,the data of Doppler radar, NECP reanalysis,conventional observation and automatic meteorological stations are utilized.Under the 850 hPa the southwest vortex,the rainstorm formed by the combined effect of 700 hPa low-level jet stream and the upper divergence at the tropopause.The Foping and Zhenba,which locate at the northeast of the southwest vortex,were two mainly heavy rainfall areas.In the radar intensity field,the supercell kept developing in the northeast of southwest vortex for approximately 1.5 to 2 hours,which corresponds two heavy rainfall centers with the echo intensity reaching the highest(58 dBz),and in the velocity field,the supercells were accompanied by deep mesocyclones,which appeared at the southwest and central parts of the supercells.Besides there existed a banded adverse wind area over Zhengba.The results indicate that it was the supercell in a mesoscale convective complex in the southwest vortex,directly leading to the torrential rainfall(70.9 mm/h and32.1 mm/h)in Foping and Zhengba.The intensity change of the supercell determined the development of rainstorms in the Hanzhong basin.Meanwhile,we summarize the characteristics of the echoes with different magnitude,which provides a theoretical basis for rainstorm prediction.
引文
[1]卢敬华.西南低涡概论[M].北京:气象出版社,1986:62.
[2]王作述,汪迎辉,梁益国.一次西南低涡暴雨的数值试验研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1996:257-267.
[3]杨荆安,孟英杰.2008年5—9月我国主要暴雨天气过程[J].暴雨灾害,2008,27(4):378-382.
[4]廖移山,闵爱荣,杨荆安,等.2009年4—9月我国暴雨天气概述及重要过程浅析[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(1):96-103.
[5]闵爱荣,廖移山,杨荆安.2010年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(1):90-96.
[6]杨荆安,闵爱荣,廖移山.2011年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(1):87-95.
[7]邓雯,闵爱荣,廖移山.2012年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(1):88-96.
[8]张芳华,陈涛,徐珺,等.2013年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(1):87-95.
[9]廖移山,汪小康,邓雯,等.2014年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(1):88-96.
[10]陶亦为,于超,张芳华,等.2015年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2016,35(2):187-196.
[11]Qin L I,Shuai Y,Cui X P,et al.Investigating the initiation and propagation processes of convection in heavy precipitation over the western Sichuan Basin[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters,2017,10(3):235-242.
[12]Yang Shuai,Zuo Qunjie,Gao Shouting.Revisit to frozen-in property of vorticity[J].Chinese Physics B,2017,26(08):599-606.
[13]Jiang L,Guoping L I,Ling M U,et al.Structural analysis of heavy precipitation caused by southwest vortex based on TRMM data[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014.
[14]Ming L I,Gao W Y,Hou J Z,et al.Analysis on a heavy rainstorm from southwest vortex moving toward northeast direction in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(1):133-144.
[15]陶诗言.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:29-33.
[16]高守亭,赵思雄,周晓平,等.次天气尺度及中尺度暴雨系统研究进展[J].大气科学,2003,27(4):618-627.
[17]黄福均,肖洪郁.西南低涡暴雨的中尺度特征[J].气象,1989,15(8):3-9.
[18]张秀年,段旭.低纬高原西南涡暴雨分析[J].高原气象,2005,24(6):941-947.
[19]陈茂强,顾清源,汪延波,等.一次西南低涡特大暴雨的中尺度对流云团特征[J].高原山地气象研究,2008,28(4):66-71.
[20]顾清源,周春花,青泉,等.一次西南低涡特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析[J].气象,2008,34(4):39-47.
[21]陈贵川,谌芸,张勇,等.“12.7.21”西南涡极端强降雨的成因分析[J].气象,2013,39(12):1529-1541.
[22]王蒙,殷淑燕.近62年来汉中市极端降水变化研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015(5):208-216.
[23]冯彩琴,董婕.陕南地区近47年来气温、降水变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(8):122-126.
[24]陆汉城,杨国祥.中尺度天气原理和预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2010:114.
[25]Maddox R A.Mesoscale convective complexes[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1980,61(11):1374-1387.
[26]周梅,许洪泽,方桃妮,等.浙中一次强对流天气动力热力场和雷达回波特征分析[J].气象科技,2015,43(1):116-124.
[27]张春桂,周乐照,林炳青.基于卫星和雷达资料的对流云团识别跟踪[J].气象科技,2017,45(3):485-491.
[28]青泉,赵静,叶儒辉.夏季四川盆地强降水列车效应特征[J].气象科技,2015,43(2):250-260.
[29]吴芳芳,俞小鼎,张志刚,等.流风暴内中气旋特征与强烈天气[J].气象,2012,38(11):1330-1338.
[30]冯晋勤,汤达章,俞小鼎,等.新一代天气雷达中气旋识别产品的统计分析[J].气象,2010,36(8):47-52.
[2]王作述,汪迎辉,梁益国.一次西南低涡暴雨的数值试验研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1996:257-267.
[3]杨荆安,孟英杰.2008年5—9月我国主要暴雨天气过程[J].暴雨灾害,2008,27(4):378-382.
[4]廖移山,闵爱荣,杨荆安,等.2009年4—9月我国暴雨天气概述及重要过程浅析[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(1):96-103.
[5]闵爱荣,廖移山,杨荆安.2010年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(1):90-96.
[6]杨荆安,闵爱荣,廖移山.2011年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2012,31(1):87-95.
[7]邓雯,闵爱荣,廖移山.2012年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(1):88-96.
[8]张芳华,陈涛,徐珺,等.2013年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(1):87-95.
[9]廖移山,汪小康,邓雯,等.2014年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(1):88-96.
[10]陶亦为,于超,张芳华,等.2015年4—10月我国主要暴雨天气过程简述[J].暴雨灾害,2016,35(2):187-196.
[11]Qin L I,Shuai Y,Cui X P,et al.Investigating the initiation and propagation processes of convection in heavy precipitation over the western Sichuan Basin[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters,2017,10(3):235-242.
[12]Yang Shuai,Zuo Qunjie,Gao Shouting.Revisit to frozen-in property of vorticity[J].Chinese Physics B,2017,26(08):599-606.
[13]Jiang L,Guoping L I,Ling M U,et al.Structural analysis of heavy precipitation caused by southwest vortex based on TRMM data[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014.
[14]Ming L I,Gao W Y,Hou J Z,et al.Analysis on a heavy rainstorm from southwest vortex moving toward northeast direction in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(1):133-144.
[15]陶诗言.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:29-33.
[16]高守亭,赵思雄,周晓平,等.次天气尺度及中尺度暴雨系统研究进展[J].大气科学,2003,27(4):618-627.
[17]黄福均,肖洪郁.西南低涡暴雨的中尺度特征[J].气象,1989,15(8):3-9.
[18]张秀年,段旭.低纬高原西南涡暴雨分析[J].高原气象,2005,24(6):941-947.
[19]陈茂强,顾清源,汪延波,等.一次西南低涡特大暴雨的中尺度对流云团特征[J].高原山地气象研究,2008,28(4):66-71.
[20]顾清源,周春花,青泉,等.一次西南低涡特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析[J].气象,2008,34(4):39-47.
[21]陈贵川,谌芸,张勇,等.“12.7.21”西南涡极端强降雨的成因分析[J].气象,2013,39(12):1529-1541.
[22]王蒙,殷淑燕.近62年来汉中市极端降水变化研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015(5):208-216.
[23]冯彩琴,董婕.陕南地区近47年来气温、降水变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(8):122-126.
[24]陆汉城,杨国祥.中尺度天气原理和预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2010:114.
[25]Maddox R A.Mesoscale convective complexes[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1980,61(11):1374-1387.
[26]周梅,许洪泽,方桃妮,等.浙中一次强对流天气动力热力场和雷达回波特征分析[J].气象科技,2015,43(1):116-124.
[27]张春桂,周乐照,林炳青.基于卫星和雷达资料的对流云团识别跟踪[J].气象科技,2017,45(3):485-491.
[28]青泉,赵静,叶儒辉.夏季四川盆地强降水列车效应特征[J].气象科技,2015,43(2):250-260.
[29]吴芳芳,俞小鼎,张志刚,等.流风暴内中气旋特征与强烈天气[J].气象,2012,38(11):1330-1338.
[30]冯晋勤,汤达章,俞小鼎,等.新一代天气雷达中气旋识别产品的统计分析[J].气象,2010,36(8):47-52.