考虑动态临界加速度的地震边坡永久位移研究
|
摘要
Newmark永久位移是评价边坡在地震时稳定性的一个重要指标,近年来广泛应用于地震边坡危险性评价中。传统Newmark永久位移法在计算临界加速度时假定其为常数,未考虑滑动面上抗剪强度参数的变化,过低估计了边坡的永久位移。为了解决这一问题,本文从岩土结构理论获得思路,详细分析滑块底面抗剪强度参数在地震中的变化过程,以边坡震动过程中黏聚力逐步丧失为基本思路,在黏聚力符合一定概率分布的基础上,提出了一种利用蒙特卡罗法模拟其动态减小过程从而实现临界加速度动态变化的计算方法。经过算例计算,黏聚力和临界加速度体现了地震过程中边坡滑块黏聚力和临界加速度的动态变化,位移大小符合地震边坡实际位移的常规数值。本文提出的蒙特卡罗法实现动态黏聚力和动态临界加速度的计算过程与地震时程相对应,不仅在一定程度上解决了抗剪强度参数的动态变化问题,还解决了传统Newmark位移计算中永久位移比实际位移偏小的问题。
The Newmark permanent displacement,an important index for evaluating the stability of slopes in earthquakes,is extensively applied to seismic slope hazard assessment.However,because the critical acceleration is assumed to be constant and the variations of shear strength parameters on sliding surfaces are not considered in the traditional Newmark permanent displacement method,the permanent displacements of a slope are often underestimated.To solve this problem,this paper analyzes the change process of shear strength parameters on a sliding surface in detail based on geotechnical structure theory.A method to calculate the dynamic critical acceleration in which the dynamic change of cohesion is simulated by the Monte Carlo method on the basis of a certain probability distribution type of cohesion is presented.Sample calculations reveal the dynamic change processes of cohesion and critical acceleration of the slope sliding block in earthquake,and a new permanent displacement result is obtained.The displacement results conform to the normal displacement value of the seismic slope,and the implementation processes of dynamic cohesion and critical acceleration presented in this paper correspond to the seismic time history.Dynamic changes in shear strength parameters are solved to a certain extent,and the displacement problem encountered in the traditional Newmark permanent displacement calculation is addressed.
The Newmark permanent displacement,an important index for evaluating the stability of slopes in earthquakes,is extensively applied to seismic slope hazard assessment.However,because the critical acceleration is assumed to be constant and the variations of shear strength parameters on sliding surfaces are not considered in the traditional Newmark permanent displacement method,the permanent displacements of a slope are often underestimated.To solve this problem,this paper analyzes the change process of shear strength parameters on a sliding surface in detail based on geotechnical structure theory.A method to calculate the dynamic critical acceleration in which the dynamic change of cohesion is simulated by the Monte Carlo method on the basis of a certain probability distribution type of cohesion is presented.Sample calculations reveal the dynamic change processes of cohesion and critical acceleration of the slope sliding block in earthquake,and a new permanent displacement result is obtained.The displacement results conform to the normal displacement value of the seismic slope,and the implementation processes of dynamic cohesion and critical acceleration presented in this paper correspond to the seismic time history.Dynamic changes in shear strength parameters are solved to a certain extent,and the displacement problem encountered in the traditional Newmark permanent displacement calculation is addressed.
引文
[1]NEWMARK N M.Effects of Earthquakes on Dams and Embankments[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139-160.
[2]卢育霞,石玉成,陈永明,等.地震诱发黄土滑坡的滑距估测[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(3):248-251.LU Yuxia,SHI Yucheng,CHEN Yongming,et al.Slippage Estimation of the Loess Landslide Triggered by Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2006,28(3):248-251.
[3]陈启国,葛华,周洪福.利用Newmark方法进行地震滑坡制图——以映秀研究区为例[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,23(11):44-48.CHEN Qiguo,GE Hua,ZHOU Hongfu.Mapping of Seismic Triggered Landslide Through Newmark Method——An Example from Study Area Yingxiu[J].Coal Geology of China,2011,23(11):44-48.
[4]王涛,吴树仁,石菊松,等.基于简化Newmark位移模型的区域地震滑坡危险性快速评估-以汶川MS8.0地震为例[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(1):16-24.WAGN Tao,WU Shuren,SHI Jusong,et al.Case Study on Rapid Assessment of Regional Seismic Landslide Hazard Based on Simplified Newmark Displacement Model:Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(1):16-24.
[5]NEVEN Matasovic,EDWARD Kavazanjian,Jr,YAN Liping.Newmark Deformation Analysis with Degrading Yield Acceleration[J].Geosynthetic,1997:989-1000.
[6]LEE H S,PARK Y J,CHO T F,et al.Influence of Asperity Degradation on the Mechanical Behavior of Rough Rock Joints under Cyclic Shear Loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):967-980.
[7]HOMAND F,BELEM T,SOULEY M.Friction and Degradation of Rock Joint Surface under Shear Loads[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(10):973-999.
[8]JAFARI M K,HOSSEINI K A,PELLET F,et al.Evaluation of Shear Strength of Rock Joints Subjected to Cyclic Loading[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(7):619-630.
[9]刘博,李海波,朱小明.循环剪切荷载作用下岩石节理强度劣化规律试验模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2033-2039.LIU Bo,LI Haibo,ZHU Xiaoming.Experiment Simulation Study of Strength Degradation of Rock Joints under Cyclic Shear Loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2033-2039.
[10]王思敬,张菊明.边坡岩体滑动稳定的动力学分析[J].地质科学,1982,2:162-170.WANG Sijing,ZHAGN Juming.On the Dynamic Stability of Block Sliding on Rock Slopes[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1982,2:162-170.
[11]CRAWFORD A W,CURRAN J H.The Influence of Rate and Displacement Dependent Shear Resistance on the Response of Rock Slopes to Seismic Loads[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1982,19(1):1-8.
[12]祁生文.考虑结构面退化的岩质边坡地震永久位移研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):452-457.QI Shengwen.Evaluation of the Permanent Displacement of Rock Mass Slope Considering Deterioration of Slide Surface During Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(3):452-457.
[13]倪卫达,唐辉明,刘晓,等.考虑结构面震动劣化的岩质边坡动力稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):492-500.NI Weida,TANG Huiming,LIU Xiao,et al.Dynamic Stability Analysis of Rock Slope Considering Vibration Deterioration of Structural Planes under Seismic Loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(3):492-500.
[14]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385-2394.LI Haibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of Safety Analysis of Bedding Rock Slope under Seismic Load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2385-2394.
[15]戴妙林,李同春.基于降强法数值计算的复杂岩质边坡动力稳定性安全评价分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊1):2749-2754.DAI Miaolin,LI Tongchun.Analysis of Dynamic Sability Safety Evaluation for Complex Rock Slopes by Strength Reduction Numerical Method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp1):2749-2754.
[16]廖少波,姜黎,刘晓,等.考虑结构面退化的岩质边坡动力稳定性分析[J].人民长江,2013,44(22):90-94.LIAO Shaobo,JIANG Li,LIU Xiao,et al.Dynamic Stability Analysis of Rock Slope Considering Deterioration of Sliding Surface[J].Yangtze River,2013,44(22):90-94.
[17]杜明玉,黄生根,姜氏江,等.考虑滑面贯通和退化的岩质边坡动力稳定性分析[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(5):118-122.DU Mingyu,HUANG Shenggen,JIANG Shi-jiang,et al.Dynamic Stability Analysis of Rock Slope Considering the Progressive Penetration and Degradation Process of Slip Plane[J].Safety and Environment Engineering,2012,19(5):118-122.
[18]姚海林,刘少军,程昌炳.一种天然胶结土黏聚力的微观本质[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):871-874.YAO Hailin,LIU Shaojun,CHENG Changbing.Scoplic Essence of Cohesion of a Natural Cemented Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):871-874.
[19]程昌炳,刘少军,王远发,等.胶结土的凝聚力的微观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):322-326.CHENG Changbing,LIU Shaojun,WANG Yuanfa,et al.Microscopic Study on Cohesion of a Cemented Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(3):322-326.
[20]卫振海.岩土材料结构性问题研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.WEI Zhenhai.Research on the Geomaterials Structure[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.
[21]徐建平,胡厚田,张安松,等.边坡岩体物理力学参数的统计特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):382-386.XU Jianping,HU Houtian,ZHANG Ansong,et al.On Statistical Characteristics of Physical and Mechanical Parameters in Slope Rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):382-386.
[22]陈炜韬,王玉锁,王明年,等.黏土质隧道围岩抗剪强度参数的概率分布及优化实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增刊2):3782-3787.CHEN Weitao,WANG Yusuo,WANG Mingnian,et al.Probability Distribution and Optimizing Example of Shear Strength Parameters of Surrounding Rock in Cohesive Soil Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp2):3782-3787.
[23]罗冲,殷坤龙,陈丽霞,等.万州区滑坡滑带土抗剪强度参数概率分布拟合及其优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1588-1593.LUO Chong,YIN Kunlong,CHEN Lixia,et al.Probability Distribution Fitting and Optimization of Shear Strength Parameters in Sliding Zone along Horizontal-stratum Landslides in Wanzhou City[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1588-1593.
[24]张红琼,欧阳涛.重庆地区滑带土抗剪强度参数概率统计分析[J].路基工程,2008(4):143-145.ZHANG Hongqiong,OU YangTao.Probability Distribution Statistics Analysis of Shear Strength Parameters in Sliding Zone Along Horizontal-stratum Landslides in Chongqing city[J].Subgrade Engineering,2008(4):143-145.
[25]CHRISTOPHER L,MEEHAN Farshid Vahedifard.Evaluation of Simplified Methods for Predicting Earthquake-induced Slope Displacements in Earth Dams and Embankments[J].Engineering Geology,2013,152(1):180-193.
[2]卢育霞,石玉成,陈永明,等.地震诱发黄土滑坡的滑距估测[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(3):248-251.LU Yuxia,SHI Yucheng,CHEN Yongming,et al.Slippage Estimation of the Loess Landslide Triggered by Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2006,28(3):248-251.
[3]陈启国,葛华,周洪福.利用Newmark方法进行地震滑坡制图——以映秀研究区为例[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,23(11):44-48.CHEN Qiguo,GE Hua,ZHOU Hongfu.Mapping of Seismic Triggered Landslide Through Newmark Method——An Example from Study Area Yingxiu[J].Coal Geology of China,2011,23(11):44-48.
[4]王涛,吴树仁,石菊松,等.基于简化Newmark位移模型的区域地震滑坡危险性快速评估-以汶川MS8.0地震为例[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(1):16-24.WAGN Tao,WU Shuren,SHI Jusong,et al.Case Study on Rapid Assessment of Regional Seismic Landslide Hazard Based on Simplified Newmark Displacement Model:Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(1):16-24.
[5]NEVEN Matasovic,EDWARD Kavazanjian,Jr,YAN Liping.Newmark Deformation Analysis with Degrading Yield Acceleration[J].Geosynthetic,1997:989-1000.
[6]LEE H S,PARK Y J,CHO T F,et al.Influence of Asperity Degradation on the Mechanical Behavior of Rough Rock Joints under Cyclic Shear Loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):967-980.
[7]HOMAND F,BELEM T,SOULEY M.Friction and Degradation of Rock Joint Surface under Shear Loads[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(10):973-999.
[8]JAFARI M K,HOSSEINI K A,PELLET F,et al.Evaluation of Shear Strength of Rock Joints Subjected to Cyclic Loading[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(7):619-630.
[9]刘博,李海波,朱小明.循环剪切荷载作用下岩石节理强度劣化规律试验模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2033-2039.LIU Bo,LI Haibo,ZHU Xiaoming.Experiment Simulation Study of Strength Degradation of Rock Joints under Cyclic Shear Loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2033-2039.
[10]王思敬,张菊明.边坡岩体滑动稳定的动力学分析[J].地质科学,1982,2:162-170.WANG Sijing,ZHAGN Juming.On the Dynamic Stability of Block Sliding on Rock Slopes[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1982,2:162-170.
[11]CRAWFORD A W,CURRAN J H.The Influence of Rate and Displacement Dependent Shear Resistance on the Response of Rock Slopes to Seismic Loads[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1982,19(1):1-8.
[12]祁生文.考虑结构面退化的岩质边坡地震永久位移研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):452-457.QI Shengwen.Evaluation of the Permanent Displacement of Rock Mass Slope Considering Deterioration of Slide Surface During Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(3):452-457.
[13]倪卫达,唐辉明,刘晓,等.考虑结构面震动劣化的岩质边坡动力稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):492-500.NI Weida,TANG Huiming,LIU Xiao,et al.Dynamic Stability Analysis of Rock Slope Considering Vibration Deterioration of Structural Planes under Seismic Loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(3):492-500.
[14]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385-2394.LI Haibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of Safety Analysis of Bedding Rock Slope under Seismic Load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2385-2394.
[15]戴妙林,李同春.基于降强法数值计算的复杂岩质边坡动力稳定性安全评价分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊1):2749-2754.DAI Miaolin,LI Tongchun.Analysis of Dynamic Sability Safety Evaluation for Complex Rock Slopes by Strength Reduction Numerical Method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp1):2749-2754.
[16]廖少波,姜黎,刘晓,等.考虑结构面退化的岩质边坡动力稳定性分析[J].人民长江,2013,44(22):90-94.LIAO Shaobo,JIANG Li,LIU Xiao,et al.Dynamic Stability Analysis of Rock Slope Considering Deterioration of Sliding Surface[J].Yangtze River,2013,44(22):90-94.
[17]杜明玉,黄生根,姜氏江,等.考虑滑面贯通和退化的岩质边坡动力稳定性分析[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(5):118-122.DU Mingyu,HUANG Shenggen,JIANG Shi-jiang,et al.Dynamic Stability Analysis of Rock Slope Considering the Progressive Penetration and Degradation Process of Slip Plane[J].Safety and Environment Engineering,2012,19(5):118-122.
[18]姚海林,刘少军,程昌炳.一种天然胶结土黏聚力的微观本质[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):871-874.YAO Hailin,LIU Shaojun,CHENG Changbing.Scoplic Essence of Cohesion of a Natural Cemented Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):871-874.
[19]程昌炳,刘少军,王远发,等.胶结土的凝聚力的微观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):322-326.CHENG Changbing,LIU Shaojun,WANG Yuanfa,et al.Microscopic Study on Cohesion of a Cemented Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(3):322-326.
[20]卫振海.岩土材料结构性问题研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.WEI Zhenhai.Research on the Geomaterials Structure[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.
[21]徐建平,胡厚田,张安松,等.边坡岩体物理力学参数的统计特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):382-386.XU Jianping,HU Houtian,ZHANG Ansong,et al.On Statistical Characteristics of Physical and Mechanical Parameters in Slope Rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):382-386.
[22]陈炜韬,王玉锁,王明年,等.黏土质隧道围岩抗剪强度参数的概率分布及优化实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增刊2):3782-3787.CHEN Weitao,WANG Yusuo,WANG Mingnian,et al.Probability Distribution and Optimizing Example of Shear Strength Parameters of Surrounding Rock in Cohesive Soil Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp2):3782-3787.
[23]罗冲,殷坤龙,陈丽霞,等.万州区滑坡滑带土抗剪强度参数概率分布拟合及其优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1588-1593.LUO Chong,YIN Kunlong,CHEN Lixia,et al.Probability Distribution Fitting and Optimization of Shear Strength Parameters in Sliding Zone along Horizontal-stratum Landslides in Wanzhou City[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1588-1593.
[24]张红琼,欧阳涛.重庆地区滑带土抗剪强度参数概率统计分析[J].路基工程,2008(4):143-145.ZHANG Hongqiong,OU YangTao.Probability Distribution Statistics Analysis of Shear Strength Parameters in Sliding Zone Along Horizontal-stratum Landslides in Chongqing city[J].Subgrade Engineering,2008(4):143-145.
[25]CHRISTOPHER L,MEEHAN Farshid Vahedifard.Evaluation of Simplified Methods for Predicting Earthquake-induced Slope Displacements in Earth Dams and Embankments[J].Engineering Geology,2013,152(1):180-193.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |