水力水质条件对重力排水管道碳排放的影响研究
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摘要
在重力流管道条件下,通过短期降解实验分析了水力剪切力、温度、外源SO_4~(2-)及COD浓度对重力排水管道产排CH_4和CO_2的影响,探讨了溶解性有机物(DOM)的变化规律。结果表明,CH_4和CO_2的产排能力随着水力剪切力的增大而增强,但剪应力大于0.0748 N/m后CH_4产排无明显提高;37℃为CH_4和CO_2产排的最适温度,低于37℃的情况下降低温度则会明显抑制CH_4的产生;外源SO42-浓度增大显著抑制CH_4产排,但其与CO_2产排无明显相关性;外源COD浓度增大会同时增强CH_4和CO_2产排。
Short-term degradation experiments were carried out under gravity flowed pipe condition to simulate and analyze the effects of hydraulicshear force, temperature, exogenous sulfate and COD on CH_4 and CO_2 emissions in gravity sewers. The change rules of dissolved organic matter(DOM) were analyzed. The data showed that the production and emission capacity of CH_4 and CO_2 increased with the increase of hydraulic shear force, but the CH_4 production and emission capacity did not increase significantly when the shear stress was greater than 0.0748 N/m2. 37 ℃ was the optimum temperature for the production and emission of CH_4 and CO_2. The generation of CH_4 would be inhibited by decreasing temperature when the temperature was below 37 ℃. The increase of exogenous SO_4~(2-) concentration significantly inhibited CH_4 production and emission, but it had no significant correlation with CO_2 production and emission. The increase of exogenous COD concentration would enhance the production and emission capacity of CH_4 and CO_2 simultaneously.
Short-term degradation experiments were carried out under gravity flowed pipe condition to simulate and analyze the effects of hydraulicshear force, temperature, exogenous sulfate and COD on CH_4 and CO_2 emissions in gravity sewers. The change rules of dissolved organic matter(DOM) were analyzed. The data showed that the production and emission capacity of CH_4 and CO_2 increased with the increase of hydraulic shear force, but the CH_4 production and emission capacity did not increase significantly when the shear stress was greater than 0.0748 N/m2. 37 ℃ was the optimum temperature for the production and emission of CH_4 and CO_2. The generation of CH_4 would be inhibited by decreasing temperature when the temperature was below 37 ℃. The increase of exogenous SO_4~(2-) concentration significantly inhibited CH_4 production and emission, but it had no significant correlation with CO_2 production and emission. The increase of exogenous COD concentration would enhance the production and emission capacity of CH_4 and CO_2 simultaneously.
引文
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[2]JING S,HU S,SHARMA K R,et al.Impact of reduced water consumption on sulfide and methane production in rising main sewers[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,154(4):307-315.
[3]CZEPIEL P M,CRILL P M,HARRISS R C.Methane emissions from municipal wastewater treatment processes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(12):2472-2477.
[4]JIANG G,GUTIERREZ O,SHARMA K R,et al.Effects of nitrite concentration and exposure time on sulfide and methane production in sewer systems[J].Water Research,2010,44(14):4241-4251.
[5]JIANG G,GUTIERREZ O,SHARMA K R,et al.Optimization of intermittent,simultaneous dosage of nitrite and hydrochloric acid to control sulfide and methane productions in sewers[J].Water Research,2011,45(18):6163-6172.
[6]MOHANAKRISHNAN J,GUTIERREZ O,MEYER R L,et al.Nitrite effectively inhibits sulfide and methane production in a labo ratory scale sewer reactor[J].Water Research,2008,42(14):3961-3971.
[7]LIU Y,NI B J,GANIGU R,et al.Sulfide and methane production in sewer sediments[J].Water Research,2015,70(2):350-359.
[8]CHEN H,LIAO Z L,GU X Y,et al.Anthropogenic Influences of Paved Runoff and Sanitary Sewage on the Dissolved Organic Matter Quality of Wet Weather Overflows:An Excitation-Emission Matrix Parallel Factor Analysis Assessment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(3):1157-1167.
[9]HOSEN J D,MCDONOUGH O T,FEBRIA C M,et al.Dissolved organic matter quality and bioavailability changes across an urbanization gradient in headwater streams[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(14):7817-7824.
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[11]YONGQIANG Z,ERIK J,YUNLIN Z,et al.Dissolved organic matter fluorescence at wavelength 275/342 nm as a key indicator for detection of point-source contamination in a large Chinese drinking water lake[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:503-509.
[12]HOSEN J D,MCDONOUGH O T,FEBRIA C M,et al.Dis solved organic matter quality and bioavailability changes across an urbanization gradient in headwater streams[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(14):7817-7824.
[13]HE X S,XI B D,GAO R T,et al.Insight into the composition and degradation potential of dissolved organic matter with different hydrophobicity in landfill leachates[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:75-80.
[14]HUO S,BEIDOU X I,HAICHAN Y U,et al.Characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in leachate with different landfill ages[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(4):492-498.
[15]HE X S,XI B D,WEI Z M,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy with regional integration analysis for characterizing composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,190(1):293-299.
[16]OSBURN C L,HANDSEL L T,MIKAN M P,et al.Fluorescence tracking of dissolved and particulate organic matter quality in a river-dominated estuary[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(16):8628-8636.
[17]YU H,SONG Y,LIU R,et al.Variation of dissolved fulvic acid from wetland measured by UV spectrum deconvolution and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectrum with self-organizing map[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2014,14(6):1088-1097.
[18]SIERRA M M D,GIOVANELA M,PARLANTI E,et al.Fluorescence fingerprint of fulvic and humic acids from varied origins as viewed by single-scan and excitation/emission matrix techniques[J].Chemosphere,2005,58(6):715-733.
[19]COELHO C,GUYOT G,HALLE A T,et al.Photoreactivity of humic substances:relationship between fluorescence and singlet oxygen production[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2011,9(3):447-451.
[20]OSBURN C L,STEDMON C A.Linking the chemical and optical properties of dissolved organic matter in the Baltic-North Sea transition zone to differentiate three allochthonous inputs[J].Marine Chemistry,2011,126(1):281-294.
[21]CATAL N N,CASAS-RUIZ J P,SCHILLER D V,et al.Biodegradation kinetics of dissolved organic matter chromatographic fractions in an intermittent river[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,2016,122(1):131-144.
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[23]LIU Y,SHARMA K R,NI B J,et al.Effects of nitrate dosing on sulfidogenic and methanogenic activities in sewer sediment[J].Water Research,2015,74:155-165.
[24]MATA-ALVAREZ J,MAC S,LLABR S P.Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes.An overview of research achievements and perspectives[J].Bioresource Technology,2000,74(1):3-16.
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[27]JIE C,BAOHUA G,LEBOEUF E J,et al.Spectroscopic characterization of the structural and functional properties of natural organic matter fractions[J].Chemosphere,2002,48(1):59-68.
[28]POLAK J,BARTOSZEK M,SU KOWSKI W W.Comparison of humification processes occurring during sewage purification in treatment plants with different technological processes[J].Water Research,2009,43(17):4167-4176.
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[33]耿昌全.结合水合物生成机理研究甲烷在水中的溶解度[D].浙江工业大学,2002.
[34]ALBERT G,SHARMA K R,JURG K,et al.Development of a model for assessing methane formation in rising main sewers[J].Water Research,2009,43(11):2874-2884.
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