莲花寺水电站表底孔联合消力池水力研究
|
摘要
莲花寺电站最大坝高仅有29 m、溢流堰前后最小水位差仅有9.54 m,属于典型低水头闸坝工程,这类工程往往具有低佛氏数、下游深尾水以及消力池内消能紊动不足等特点.通过物理模型试验针对莲花寺电站原底孔折线型消力池内消能紊动不充分、淹没水跃滞后、出池水流过大等问题,提出拆除消力池内纵向隔墩、形成表底孔联合消力池,得出以下结论:表底孔联合消力池借助消力池横向宽度,利用表孔、底孔入池水流纵向流速梯度、横向能量差,加剧消力池内横向水流扩散,增强水流碰撞耗散,提升消能效果.尤其是单独开启表孔、底孔泄洪时,入池水流显著向两侧扩散、偏移,形成三元水跃,有效增强消力池上游区域紊动耗散,减小出池水流流速,能为类似闸坝工程提供参考作用.
With maximum dam height up to 29 m and water level drop down to 9.98 m downstream the overflow weir, Lianhuasi Hydropower Station belongs to the typical low head projects, which are often faced with deep tailwater or insufficient energy dissipation inside stilling basin. Based on physical model, this paper detailedly studies the serious problems of large outflow velocity, hydraulic jump downstream stilling basin as well as insufficient turbulence in original design of Lotus Temple Hydropower Station, and proposes combined stilling basin between surface hole and bottom hole to aggravate longitudinal velocity gradients and compel rushing inflow to laterally diffuse or collide to increase shear turbulence and collision upstream the stilling basin, which is especially observable in solely opening surface hole gate or bottom hole gate, 3 dimensional hydraulic jump upstream stilling basin obviously intensifies lateral diffusion, improves flow pattern inside stilling basin, and slows down outflow velocity.
With maximum dam height up to 29 m and water level drop down to 9.98 m downstream the overflow weir, Lianhuasi Hydropower Station belongs to the typical low head projects, which are often faced with deep tailwater or insufficient energy dissipation inside stilling basin. Based on physical model, this paper detailedly studies the serious problems of large outflow velocity, hydraulic jump downstream stilling basin as well as insufficient turbulence in original design of Lotus Temple Hydropower Station, and proposes combined stilling basin between surface hole and bottom hole to aggravate longitudinal velocity gradients and compel rushing inflow to laterally diffuse or collide to increase shear turbulence and collision upstream the stilling basin, which is especially observable in solely opening surface hole gate or bottom hole gate, 3 dimensional hydraulic jump upstream stilling basin obviously intensifies lateral diffusion, improves flow pattern inside stilling basin, and slows down outflow velocity.
引文
[1] 王均星,朱祖国,陈利强. 消力池内辅助消能工对水跃消能效率的影响[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版),2011,44(1):40-43. Wang Junxing, Zhu Zuguo, Chen Liqiang. Influence of auxiliary energy dissipation in stilling basin on efficiency of energy dissipation in hydraulic jump[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2011,44(1):40-43.
[2] 王均星,陈帅,冯亦佳,等. 宽浅导流明渠渠首进口型式试验[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版),2011,44(3):326-330. Wang Junxing, Chen Shuai, Feng Yijia, et al. Test on intake form of wide-shallow diversion channel[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2011,44(3):326-330.
[3] 苏沛兰,廖华胜,李天翔,等.浅水垫消力池水力特性试验[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(2):35-40. Su Peilan, Liao Huasheng, Li Tianxiang, et al. Experimental investigation on hydraulic properties in stilling basin with shallow-water cushion[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2009,41(2):35-40.
[4] 邓军,许唯临,张建民,等.一种新型消力池布置形式——多股水平淹没射流[J]. 中国科学 E 辑:技术科学,2009,39(1):29-38. Deng Jun, Xu Weilin, Zhang Jianmin, et al. A new type of stilling basin layout-mutli-horizontal submerged jets[J]. Science in China (Series E), 2009,39(1):29-38.
[5] 田士豪,王甫洲.泄水闸运行调度方式的研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版),2001,34(3):18-21. Tian Shihao, Wang Fuzhou. Study on operation schedule of sluice gate[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2001,34(3):18-21.
[6] 杨磊,徐宏亮,唐培磊,等. 许家崖水库溢洪道消能防冲方案模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(6):149-154. Yang Lei, Xu Hongliang, Tang Peilei, et al. Model tests on energy dissipation and anti-erosion schemes of Xujiaya Reservoir spillway[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2014,33(6):149-154.
[7] 杨磊,胡志根.滩坑水电站过水围堰堰型修改模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):57-61. Yang Lei, Hu Zhigen. Experimental study on modification of the overtopped cofferdams for the Tankeng Hydropower Station[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):57-61.
[8] 唐文超,程观富,陈胖胖,等.低水头条件下常用底流消力池的对比研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(3):408-411. Tang Wenchao, Cheng Guanfu, Chen Pangpang, et al. Comparison of stilling basins in low water-head condition[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology, 2011,34(3):408-411.
[9] 李国栋, 李珊珊, 牛争鸣.表孔、底孔联合泄洪流场数值模拟与冲刷趋势分析[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2016, 48(3):26-34. Li Guodong, Li Shanshan, Niu Zhengming. Numerical simulation of surface outlet and bottom outlet joint flood discharge energy dissipation and scour trend analysis[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition),2016, 48(3):26-34.
[10] 周招,王均星,赵明登,等.低水头非完全宽尾墩三维流场数值模拟[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(5):115-121. Zhou Zhao, Wang Junxing, Zhao Mingdeng, et al. 3D numerical simulation of turbulent flow with incompletely flaring gate pier in low head[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(5):115-121.
[11] 周招,王均星,梁砚,等.深尾水消力池非完全宽尾墩消能试验研究[J].水科学进展,2017,28(5):730-738. Zhou Zhao, Wang Junxing, Liang Yan, et al. Study on incompletely flaring gate pier energy dissipation in deep tail water stilling basin[J]. Advance in Water Science, 2017,28(5):730-738.
[12] 梁砚,周赤,段文刚. 折坡扩散型消力池的水跃特性试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2017,(3):53-57. Liang Yan,Zhou Chi, Duan Wengang. Characteristics of hydraulic jump in stilling basin with upstream diffusion slope[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2017,(3):53-57.
[2] 王均星,陈帅,冯亦佳,等. 宽浅导流明渠渠首进口型式试验[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版),2011,44(3):326-330. Wang Junxing, Chen Shuai, Feng Yijia, et al. Test on intake form of wide-shallow diversion channel[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2011,44(3):326-330.
[3] 苏沛兰,廖华胜,李天翔,等.浅水垫消力池水力特性试验[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(2):35-40. Su Peilan, Liao Huasheng, Li Tianxiang, et al. Experimental investigation on hydraulic properties in stilling basin with shallow-water cushion[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2009,41(2):35-40.
[4] 邓军,许唯临,张建民,等.一种新型消力池布置形式——多股水平淹没射流[J]. 中国科学 E 辑:技术科学,2009,39(1):29-38. Deng Jun, Xu Weilin, Zhang Jianmin, et al. A new type of stilling basin layout-mutli-horizontal submerged jets[J]. Science in China (Series E), 2009,39(1):29-38.
[5] 田士豪,王甫洲.泄水闸运行调度方式的研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版),2001,34(3):18-21. Tian Shihao, Wang Fuzhou. Study on operation schedule of sluice gate[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2001,34(3):18-21.
[6] 杨磊,徐宏亮,唐培磊,等. 许家崖水库溢洪道消能防冲方案模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(6):149-154. Yang Lei, Xu Hongliang, Tang Peilei, et al. Model tests on energy dissipation and anti-erosion schemes of Xujiaya Reservoir spillway[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2014,33(6):149-154.
[7] 杨磊,胡志根.滩坑水电站过水围堰堰型修改模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):57-61. Yang Lei, Hu Zhigen. Experimental study on modification of the overtopped cofferdams for the Tankeng Hydropower Station[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):57-61.
[8] 唐文超,程观富,陈胖胖,等.低水头条件下常用底流消力池的对比研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(3):408-411. Tang Wenchao, Cheng Guanfu, Chen Pangpang, et al. Comparison of stilling basins in low water-head condition[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology, 2011,34(3):408-411.
[9] 李国栋, 李珊珊, 牛争鸣.表孔、底孔联合泄洪流场数值模拟与冲刷趋势分析[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2016, 48(3):26-34. Li Guodong, Li Shanshan, Niu Zhengming. Numerical simulation of surface outlet and bottom outlet joint flood discharge energy dissipation and scour trend analysis[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition),2016, 48(3):26-34.
[10] 周招,王均星,赵明登,等.低水头非完全宽尾墩三维流场数值模拟[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(5):115-121. Zhou Zhao, Wang Junxing, Zhao Mingdeng, et al. 3D numerical simulation of turbulent flow with incompletely flaring gate pier in low head[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(5):115-121.
[11] 周招,王均星,梁砚,等.深尾水消力池非完全宽尾墩消能试验研究[J].水科学进展,2017,28(5):730-738. Zhou Zhao, Wang Junxing, Liang Yan, et al. Study on incompletely flaring gate pier energy dissipation in deep tail water stilling basin[J]. Advance in Water Science, 2017,28(5):730-738.
[12] 梁砚,周赤,段文刚. 折坡扩散型消力池的水跃特性试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2017,(3):53-57. Liang Yan,Zhou Chi, Duan Wengang. Characteristics of hydraulic jump in stilling basin with upstream diffusion slope[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2017,(3):53-57.