精细化管理在隧洞光面爆破施工中的作用
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摘要
在乌干达卡鲁玛水电站尾水隧洞14.584km的主洞开挖施工中,为了取得良好的光面爆破效果,减少爆破对围岩的扰动,在做好光面爆破设计、选用合理的参数、严格实施钻孔爆破工艺的同时,采取了针对钻爆作业人员和每个开挖作业面的精细化管理,对出现的问题及时沟通,反复培训,指导改进钻爆工艺。隧洞开挖施工的全过程贯穿着"服务、指导、监督"的管理理念,最终尾水隧洞开挖取得了较好的光面爆破效果,光面爆破半孔率达90%以上。实践表明:对于隧洞开挖光面爆破,除了合理的设计装药结构、线装药密度外,做好员工培训、测量放线、钻孔、装药、联网爆破的每一个环节,才能取得令人满意的光爆效果。
To achieve an excellent smooth blasting and minimize the disturbance from blasting during the excavation of14.584 km long tunnels in Karuma hydropower project.While doing smooth blasting design,selecting reasonable parameters and strictly implementing drilling and blasting technology,precise management of drilling and blasting personnel and each excavation face has been carried out.Timely communication and training should be conducted to improve the drilling and blasting process.The whole process of tunnel excavation is run through the management concept of " service,guidance and supervision",the tailrace tunnel excavation achieves a satisfactory smooth blasting,of which semi-hole rate is more than 90%.This practice has shown that apart from proper explosive charging structure and density of explosive per meter,each step of the smooth blasting of tunnel excavation needs to be completed well,including worker training,surveyor positioning,hole drilling,explosive charging,and the whole net detonating,to achieve satisfactory smooth blasting.
To achieve an excellent smooth blasting and minimize the disturbance from blasting during the excavation of14.584 km long tunnels in Karuma hydropower project.While doing smooth blasting design,selecting reasonable parameters and strictly implementing drilling and blasting technology,precise management of drilling and blasting personnel and each excavation face has been carried out.Timely communication and training should be conducted to improve the drilling and blasting process.The whole process of tunnel excavation is run through the management concept of " service,guidance and supervision",the tailrace tunnel excavation achieves a satisfactory smooth blasting,of which semi-hole rate is more than 90%.This practice has shown that apart from proper explosive charging structure and density of explosive per meter,each step of the smooth blasting of tunnel excavation needs to be completed well,including worker training,surveyor positioning,hole drilling,explosive charging,and the whole net detonating,to achieve satisfactory smooth blasting.
引文
[1]国家能源局.水工建筑物地下开挖工程施工技术规范:DL/T5099-2011[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2011.National Energy Administration China.Technical specification for excavation underground works on hydraulic structures:DL/T5099-2011[S].Beijing:China Power Press,2011.
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[7]杨玉银,陈长贵,黄浩,等.微量装药软岩光面爆破技术在隧洞洞口开挖中的应用[J].工程爆破,2015,21(3):26-31.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,HUANG H,et al.Microcharging soft rock smooth blasting technique application in tunnel portal excavation[J].Engineering Blasting,2015,21(3):26-31.
[8]杨玉银,陈长贵,黄浩,等.微量装药软岩光面爆破技术[J].爆破,2015,32(4):77-83,88.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,HUANG H,et al.Soft rock smooth blasting technique of micro-charging[J].Blasting,2015,32(4):77-83,88.
[9]杨玉银,陈长贵,陈斌,等.隧洞底板开挖光面爆破实验[J].工程爆破,2017,23(2):73-76,81.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,CHEN B,et al.Smooth blasting test in tunnel floor excavation[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(2):73-76,81.
[2]杨玉银,陈长贵,黄浩,等.光面爆破在卡鲁玛尾水隧洞开挖中的改进与应用[J].工程爆破,2016,22(6):62-65,74.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,HUANG H,et al.Improvement and application of smooth blasting used in excavation in Karuma HPP TRT Project[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(6):62-65,74.
[3]杨玉银,陈长贵,黄浩,等.隧洞开挖光面爆破装药结构的改进与应用[J].工程爆破,2016,22(4):72-76,86.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,HUANG H,et al.Improvement and application of charging structure of smooth blasting in tunnel excavation[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(4):72-76,86.
[4]国家质量技术监督局.普通导爆索:GB 9786-1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision,China.Common detonating cord:GB 9786-1999[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2000.
[5]杨玉银,蒋斌,刘春,等.隧洞开挖爆破超挖控制技术研究[J].工程爆破,2013,19(4):21-24,4.YANG Y Y,JIANG B,LIU C,et al.Research on overbreak control technology of blasting for tunnel excavation[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(4):21-24,4.
[6]马洪琪,周宇,和孙文.中国水利水电地下工程施工[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011:196-198.MA H Q,ZHOU Y,HE S W.Construction of underground hydro works in China[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2011:196-198.
[7]杨玉银,陈长贵,黄浩,等.微量装药软岩光面爆破技术在隧洞洞口开挖中的应用[J].工程爆破,2015,21(3):26-31.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,HUANG H,et al.Microcharging soft rock smooth blasting technique application in tunnel portal excavation[J].Engineering Blasting,2015,21(3):26-31.
[8]杨玉银,陈长贵,黄浩,等.微量装药软岩光面爆破技术[J].爆破,2015,32(4):77-83,88.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,HUANG H,et al.Soft rock smooth blasting technique of micro-charging[J].Blasting,2015,32(4):77-83,88.
[9]杨玉银,陈长贵,陈斌,等.隧洞底板开挖光面爆破实验[J].工程爆破,2017,23(2):73-76,81.YANG Y Y,CHEN C G,CHEN B,et al.Smooth blasting test in tunnel floor excavation[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(2):73-76,81.