全球变化下九龙江河流-河口系统营养盐循环过程、通量与效应
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摘要
河流-河口系统是陆地与海洋物质循环的重要通道。人类活动和气候变化已显著改变营养盐循环并产生一系列生态环境效应(富营养化、有害藻华、缺氧、酸化等)。本文基于现场观测、实验模拟和模型分析结果,总结亚热带中小型河流——九龙江河流-河口系统的营养盐(氮、磷、硅)含量和通量的长期变化及主控因素、水体反硝化作用、梯级电站水库对营养盐的滞留、气候变化(暴雨事件、升温)影响营养盐输送与循环等方面的研究进展,讨论营养盐变化的潜在生态环境效应。与大型河流相比,中小型河流对人类活动与气候变化的干扰更为敏感。最后提出全球变化下流域-近海生物地球化学过程研究的若干重点方向:(1)在不同时空尺度上捕捉营养盐变化信号,基于多学科交叉与综合研究,揭示复杂的营养盐循环过程与驱动机制。(2)评估中小型河流的独特性及其对全球或区域尺度气候与环境变化的影响。(3)深入研究河流水坝滞留、滨海湿地净化对近海生态系统的影响。
River-estuary is an important component of earth system linking land and ocean cycling of materials.Human activities and climatic change have substantially altered nutrient cycling accompanied by series of negative ecological effects(e.g.,eutrophication,harmful algal bloom,hypoxia,acidification).Based on the recent studies using in-situ observation,experimental and modeling approaches as tools,this paper summarized current understanding of the subtropical Jiulong River-Estuary system in Southeast China,including long-term change in nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,silica)in terms of concentration and flux and controlling factors,aquatic denitrification,nutrient retention by cascade dam reservoirs,and impacts of climate change(storm events and warming)on nutrient delivery and cycling.Potential effects of nutrient variation on aquatic ecosystems are also discussed.Current results suggest that small and medium-sized rivers are more sensitive than large rivers to human and climate perturbation in terms of nutrient biogeochemistry and ecology.Research priorities on nutrient biogeochemistry of the watershed-estuary-coast continuum under global change were proposed:(1)Capture nutrient changes at various temporal and spatial scales through intensive field observation and reveal key processes and drivers of nutrient cycling using multidisciplinary integrated study approach.(2)Evaluate the uniqueness of small and medium-sized rivers and their role in regulating global or regional climate and environment.(3)Further study the nutrient retention by river dams and coastal wetlands and associated effects on the aquatic ecosystems.
River-estuary is an important component of earth system linking land and ocean cycling of materials.Human activities and climatic change have substantially altered nutrient cycling accompanied by series of negative ecological effects(e.g.,eutrophication,harmful algal bloom,hypoxia,acidification).Based on the recent studies using in-situ observation,experimental and modeling approaches as tools,this paper summarized current understanding of the subtropical Jiulong River-Estuary system in Southeast China,including long-term change in nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,silica)in terms of concentration and flux and controlling factors,aquatic denitrification,nutrient retention by cascade dam reservoirs,and impacts of climate change(storm events and warming)on nutrient delivery and cycling.Potential effects of nutrient variation on aquatic ecosystems are also discussed.Current results suggest that small and medium-sized rivers are more sensitive than large rivers to human and climate perturbation in terms of nutrient biogeochemistry and ecology.Research priorities on nutrient biogeochemistry of the watershed-estuary-coast continuum under global change were proposed:(1)Capture nutrient changes at various temporal and spatial scales through intensive field observation and reveal key processes and drivers of nutrient cycling using multidisciplinary integrated study approach.(2)Evaluate the uniqueness of small and medium-sized rivers and their role in regulating global or regional climate and environment.(3)Further study the nutrient retention by river dams and coastal wetlands and associated effects on the aquatic ecosystems.
引文
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[30]鲁婷,陈能汪,陈朱虹,等.九龙江河流-库区系统沉积物磷特征及其生态学意义[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3430-3436.[LU Ting,CHEN Nengwang,CHEN Zhuhong,et al.Characteristics of sediment phosphorus in the Jiulong Riverreservoir system and its ecological significance[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(9):3430-3436.]
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[34]Humborg C,Pastuszak M,Aigars J,et al.Decreased silica land-sea fluxes through damming in the baltic sea catchmentsignificance of particle trapping and hydrological alterations[J].Biogeochemistry,2006,77(2):265-281.
[35]Chen N W,Wu J Z,Hong H S.Effect of storm events on riverine nitrogen dynamics in a subtropical watershed,southeastern China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,431:357-365.
[36]Chen N W,Wu Y Q,Chen Z H,et al.Phosphorus export during storm events from a human perturbed watershed,southeast China:Implications for coastal ecology[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,166:178-188.
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