密度和空间布局种植方式对夏玉米穗位叶光合生理性状的影响
|
摘要
为探明夏玉米适宜种植方式的光合生理机制,采用裂区试验设计研究了种植密度(9.3万,8.1万,6.9万,5.7万株/hm~2)、空间布局(等行距1穴1株,等行距1穴3株和宽窄行1穴3株)以及它们的交互作用对夏玉米郑单958开花后不同生育时期(开花期、抽丝期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期和完熟期)净光合速率及其相关性状的影响。结果表明:宽窄行1穴3株能显著降低夏玉米开花期和完熟期穗位叶净光合速率,而8.1万株/hm~2密度下的净光合速率不受空间布局的影响;等行距1穴1株空间布局下,种植密度不会显著影响穗位叶净光合速率。种植密度、空间布局以及它们交互作用对类胡萝卜素含量影响显著。等行距1穴3株空间布局下,9.3万株/hm~2种植密度显著降低前3个观测时期类胡萝卜素含量,而6.9万株/hm~2在宽窄行1穴3株以及5.7万株/hm~2在等行距1穴1株空间布局下显著降低完熟期类胡萝卜素含量。种植密度、空间布局及其交互作用均对PSⅡ最大光化学效率无显著影响。综上可知,8.1万株/hm~2种植密度不受空间布局的显著影响,而等行距1穴1株空间布局不受种植密度的显著影响,均能保证夏玉米郑单958植株的净光合作用及其相关指标维持在较高水平。结果也为从光合物质基础和光合水分生理基础方面(色素含量、荧光特性、净光合速率和蒸腾速率)解释种植方式-光合产物源-产量库之间的关系提供了理论数据。
In order to include the photosynthesis mechanism of summer maize in proper planting mode,in this paper,a split-plot experiment design was used to study the impact of planting densities( 93 000,81 000,69 000,57 000 plants / ha),row spacing modes( one plant per spot with equal row,three plants per spot with equal row and three plants per spot with wide and narrow row) and their interaction effects on net photosynthetic rate and its relative traits of a summer maize variety ZD958 at different growth stages( flowering stage,silking stage,earlier filling stage,later filling stage and full ripe stage). The results indicated that the row spacing mode of three plants per spot with wide and narrow row could significantly decrease net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves at flowering stage and full ripe stage. At the planting density of 81 000 plants / ha,the net photosynthetic rate was not associated with row spacing modes. Meanwhile,under the row spacing mode of one plant per spot with equal row,planting density did not significantly affect net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves. It was noteworthy that the carotenoid content was closely associated with planting densities,row spacing modes and their interaction effects. Under the row spacing mode of three plants per spot with equal row,the planting density of 93 000 plants / ha significantly decreased carotenoid content at the first three growth stages,while both the densities of 69 000 under the mode of three plants per spot withwide and narrow row and 57 000 plants / ha under the mode of one plant per spot with equal row could significantly reduce carotenoid content at the full ripe stage. It was also found that the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ was not influenced by planting densities,row spacing modes and their interaction effects. In general,the planting density of 81 000 plants / ha was not closely associated with row spacing modes,which was similar with the relationships between the row spacing mode of one plant per spot with equal row and planting densities. In these two circumstances,the net photosynthetic rate and its relative traits could maintain relatively higher levels. Our results could also supply experimental evidences for explaining the relationships among cropping patterns,photosynthetic products source and yield pool based on photosynthetic matters and water physiology( pigment content,fluorescence character,photosynthetic rate,and transpiration rate).
In order to include the photosynthesis mechanism of summer maize in proper planting mode,in this paper,a split-plot experiment design was used to study the impact of planting densities( 93 000,81 000,69 000,57 000 plants / ha),row spacing modes( one plant per spot with equal row,three plants per spot with equal row and three plants per spot with wide and narrow row) and their interaction effects on net photosynthetic rate and its relative traits of a summer maize variety ZD958 at different growth stages( flowering stage,silking stage,earlier filling stage,later filling stage and full ripe stage). The results indicated that the row spacing mode of three plants per spot with wide and narrow row could significantly decrease net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves at flowering stage and full ripe stage. At the planting density of 81 000 plants / ha,the net photosynthetic rate was not associated with row spacing modes. Meanwhile,under the row spacing mode of one plant per spot with equal row,planting density did not significantly affect net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves. It was noteworthy that the carotenoid content was closely associated with planting densities,row spacing modes and their interaction effects. Under the row spacing mode of three plants per spot with equal row,the planting density of 93 000 plants / ha significantly decreased carotenoid content at the first three growth stages,while both the densities of 69 000 under the mode of three plants per spot withwide and narrow row and 57 000 plants / ha under the mode of one plant per spot with equal row could significantly reduce carotenoid content at the full ripe stage. It was also found that the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ was not influenced by planting densities,row spacing modes and their interaction effects. In general,the planting density of 81 000 plants / ha was not closely associated with row spacing modes,which was similar with the relationships between the row spacing mode of one plant per spot with equal row and planting densities. In these two circumstances,the net photosynthetic rate and its relative traits could maintain relatively higher levels. Our results could also supply experimental evidences for explaining the relationships among cropping patterns,photosynthetic products source and yield pool based on photosynthetic matters and water physiology( pigment content,fluorescence character,photosynthetic rate,and transpiration rate).
引文
[1]Borras L,Maddonni G A,Otegui M E.Leaf senescence in maize hybrids:plant population,row spacing and kernel set effects[J].Field Crops Research,2003,82(1):13-26.
[2]Karlen D L,Kaserbauer M J.Row-spacing effects on corn in the southeastern US[J].Agricultural Research,2014,2(2):65-73.
[3]王瑞,刘国顺,倪国仕,等.种植密度对烤烟不同部位叶片光合特性及其同化物积累的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2288-2295.
[4]毕常锐,白志英,李存东,等.种植密度对小麦石新828光合特性及产量的调控效应[J].华北农学报,2010,25(1):165-169.
[5]吴雪梅,陈源泉,李宗新,等.玉米空间布局种植方式研究进展评述[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):115-121.
[6]马丽,李潮海,付景,等.垄作栽培对高产田夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7141-7150.
[7]张胜爱,郝秀钗,王志辉,等.夏玉米行距与株距交互作用对产量及产量构成的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(21):51-56.
[8]赵丽,郭虹霞,王创云,等.种植密度对不同玉米品种农艺、光合性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(5):548-551.
[9]侯月,王鹏文.玉米种植密度对其产量及穗部性状的影响[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(6):94-96.
[10]曹彩云,李伟,党经凯,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米产量、产量性状及群体光合特性的影响研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(增刊):161-166.
[11]韩晨光,王金龙,李子芳,等.种植密度对夏玉米叶片衰老及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(7):62-64.
[12]郑毅,张立军,崔振海,等.种植密度对不同株型夏玉米冠层结构和光合势的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(3):116-118,121.
[13]魏珊珊,王祥宇,董树亭.株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):441-450.
[14]李春奇,王庭梁,程相文,等.种植密度对夏玉米穗位叶片解剖结构的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(11):2099-2105.
[15]冯海娟,张善平,马存金,等.种植密度对夏玉米茎秆维管束结构及茎流特性的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(8):1435-1442.
[16]李洪岐,裴瑞杰,蔺海明,等.种植密度和方式对夏玉米叶绿体D1蛋白和PSⅡ功能的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,9(20):1142-1148.
[17]Khan M N A,Murayama S,Ishimine Y,et al.Physiomorphological studies of F1 hybrids in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Plant Production Science,1998(1):231-239.
[18]龚学臣.SPSS18.0在裂区试验结果方差分析中的应用[J].河北北方学院学报:自然科学版,2014,30(5):52-54,58.
[19]Demmig-Adams B,Adams W W.The role of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis[J].Trends Plant Sci,1996(1):21-26.
[20]August C F,Shizue M,Birgit O.Photoinhibition carotenoid composition and the co-regulation of photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching in neotropical savanna trees[J].Tree Physiol,2007,27(5):717-725.
[21]Umehara M,Hanada A,Yoshida S,et al.Inhibition of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hormones[J].Nature,2008,455(7210):195-200.
[22]王育红,张园,王向阳,等.黄淮海地区夏玉米品种灌浆特性的拟合与分析[J].植物地区农业研究,2010,28(1):265-270.
[2]Karlen D L,Kaserbauer M J.Row-spacing effects on corn in the southeastern US[J].Agricultural Research,2014,2(2):65-73.
[3]王瑞,刘国顺,倪国仕,等.种植密度对烤烟不同部位叶片光合特性及其同化物积累的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(12):2288-2295.
[4]毕常锐,白志英,李存东,等.种植密度对小麦石新828光合特性及产量的调控效应[J].华北农学报,2010,25(1):165-169.
[5]吴雪梅,陈源泉,李宗新,等.玉米空间布局种植方式研究进展评述[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):115-121.
[6]马丽,李潮海,付景,等.垄作栽培对高产田夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7141-7150.
[7]张胜爱,郝秀钗,王志辉,等.夏玉米行距与株距交互作用对产量及产量构成的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(21):51-56.
[8]赵丽,郭虹霞,王创云,等.种植密度对不同玉米品种农艺、光合性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(5):548-551.
[9]侯月,王鹏文.玉米种植密度对其产量及穗部性状的影响[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(6):94-96.
[10]曹彩云,李伟,党经凯,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米产量、产量性状及群体光合特性的影响研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(增刊):161-166.
[11]韩晨光,王金龙,李子芳,等.种植密度对夏玉米叶片衰老及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(7):62-64.
[12]郑毅,张立军,崔振海,等.种植密度对不同株型夏玉米冠层结构和光合势的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2010(3):116-118,121.
[13]魏珊珊,王祥宇,董树亭.株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):441-450.
[14]李春奇,王庭梁,程相文,等.种植密度对夏玉米穗位叶片解剖结构的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(11):2099-2105.
[15]冯海娟,张善平,马存金,等.种植密度对夏玉米茎秆维管束结构及茎流特性的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(8):1435-1442.
[16]李洪岐,裴瑞杰,蔺海明,等.种植密度和方式对夏玉米叶绿体D1蛋白和PSⅡ功能的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,9(20):1142-1148.
[17]Khan M N A,Murayama S,Ishimine Y,et al.Physiomorphological studies of F1 hybrids in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Plant Production Science,1998(1):231-239.
[18]龚学臣.SPSS18.0在裂区试验结果方差分析中的应用[J].河北北方学院学报:自然科学版,2014,30(5):52-54,58.
[19]Demmig-Adams B,Adams W W.The role of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis[J].Trends Plant Sci,1996(1):21-26.
[20]August C F,Shizue M,Birgit O.Photoinhibition carotenoid composition and the co-regulation of photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching in neotropical savanna trees[J].Tree Physiol,2007,27(5):717-725.
[21]Umehara M,Hanada A,Yoshida S,et al.Inhibition of shoot branching by new terpenoid plant hormones[J].Nature,2008,455(7210):195-200.
[22]王育红,张园,王向阳,等.黄淮海地区夏玉米品种灌浆特性的拟合与分析[J].植物地区农业研究,2010,28(1):265-270.