胡杨(Populus euphratica)蒸腾耗水对小降雨事件的响应
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摘要
利用内蒙古额济纳旗1960—2010年逐日降水量观测资料,并连续监测了2012—2013年胡杨蒸腾速率和实时降水量,研究了小降雨事件对荒漠河岸林胡杨蒸腾耗水的影响。结果表明:50年来额济纳旗小降雨事件占总降雨事件的比例达90.63%。不同量级的小降雨事件对蒸腾速率的影响存在较大差异,小于1 mm的降雨发生前蒸腾速率处于下降趋势,降雨发生后蒸腾速率的下降幅度变小,2h后开始缓慢上升;1~4 mm降雨发生前蒸腾速率呈大幅下降趋势,降雨发生后1~2h蒸腾速率基本不变,降雨发生3~4h后蒸腾速率显著上升。小降雨事件对胡杨蒸腾耗水量的影响存在明显的时滞效应,0.2mm降水发生对其后各日蒸腾耗水量影响不大,降雨发生当日蒸腾耗水量的变化仍延续前几天蒸腾耗水量的变化趋势;0.4~0.8mm降雨量发生对其后2d内胡杨蒸腾耗水量有微弱影响,对2d后的蒸腾耗水量影响不大;1~4mm降雨发生后,第1天胡杨的蒸腾耗水量显著降低,但降雨后第2天胡杨蒸腾耗水量明显增加。降雨量和蒸腾速率的指数拟合关系表明小降雨事件对降雨后4h胡杨蒸腾速率的影响最大;对降雨后1h的蒸腾速率影响较小。
Based on daily precipitation date of meteorological station in Ejina during 1960-2010 and transpiration of Populus euphratica were monitoring simultaneously with precipitation in 2012,2013,respectively.Responses of transpiration to small rainfall events in desert riparian forest were studied.The results show that the frequency of small rainfall events reached90.63%.The influence of small rainfall events on transpiration were changed with the mounts of rainfall.The transpiration was declined before<1 mm rainfall,but after rainfall the transpiration declined slowly,then increased after 2h.The transpiration decreased significantly before 1-4 mm rainfall,after rainfall transpiration remain unchanged at first 1-2 h,then increase quickly after 3-4 h.The effects of small rainfall events on transpiration exist time lag effect.The 0.2 mm rainfall has a little effect on transpiration,the variation trend was same as the day before rainfall.The influence of0.4-0.8 mm rainfall was not noticeable after two days.The 1-4 mm small rainfall events have a great influence on transpiration and led to the decrease of transpiration in the first day after rainfall and led to the increase of transpiration in the second day after rainfall.transpiration of populus euphratica showed exponential correlation to small rainfall events and the influence of rainfall on transpiration was most significantly after 4h and was not noticeable after 1 h.
Based on daily precipitation date of meteorological station in Ejina during 1960-2010 and transpiration of Populus euphratica were monitoring simultaneously with precipitation in 2012,2013,respectively.Responses of transpiration to small rainfall events in desert riparian forest were studied.The results show that the frequency of small rainfall events reached90.63%.The influence of small rainfall events on transpiration were changed with the mounts of rainfall.The transpiration was declined before<1 mm rainfall,but after rainfall the transpiration declined slowly,then increased after 2h.The transpiration decreased significantly before 1-4 mm rainfall,after rainfall transpiration remain unchanged at first 1-2 h,then increase quickly after 3-4 h.The effects of small rainfall events on transpiration exist time lag effect.The 0.2 mm rainfall has a little effect on transpiration,the variation trend was same as the day before rainfall.The influence of0.4-0.8 mm rainfall was not noticeable after two days.The 1-4 mm small rainfall events have a great influence on transpiration and led to the decrease of transpiration in the first day after rainfall and led to the increase of transpiration in the second day after rainfall.transpiration of populus euphratica showed exponential correlation to small rainfall events and the influence of rainfall on transpiration was most significantly after 4h and was not noticeable after 1 h.
引文
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[3]Limm E B,Simonin K A,Bothman A G,et al.Foliar water uptake:a common water acquisition strategy for plants of the redwood forest[J].Oecologia,2009,161:449-459.
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[6]许文滔,赵平,王权,等.基于树干液流测定值的马占相思(Acacia mangium)冠层气孔导度计算及数值模拟[J].生态学报,2007(10):4122-4131.
[7]黄德卫,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山针阔叶混交林优势种树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2012(5):1159-1166.
[8]梅婷婷,赵平,倪广艳,等.树木胸径大小对树干液流变化格局的偏度和时滞效应[J].生态学报,2012(22):7018-7026.
[9]Carroll A B,Pallardy S G,Galen C.Drought stress,plant water status and floral trait expression in fireweed,Epilobium angustifoliun(Onagraceae)[J].American Jaounal of Botany,2001,88:438-446.
[10]Sperry J S.Hydraulic constraints on plant gas exchange[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,104(1):13-23.
[11]Marx A,Kunstmann H,Schuettemeyer D,et al.Uncertainty analysis for satellite derived sensible heat fluxes and scintillometer measurements over Savannah environment and comparison to mesoscale meteorological simulation results[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148(4):656-667.
[12]王海珍,韩路,李志军,等.塔里木河上游胡杨与灰杨光合水分生理特性[J].生态学报,2009(11):5843-5850.
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[14]阮成江,谢庆良.土壤水分对沙棘成活率及抗逆生理特性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学,2002,8(4):341-345.
[15]曹文强,韩海荣,马钦彦,等.山西太岳山辽东栋夏季树干液流通量研究[J].林业科学,2004,40(2):174-177.
[16]陈立欣,张志强,李湛东,等.大连4种城市绿化乔木树种夜间液流活动特征[J].植物生态学报,2010(5):535-546.
[17]吴玉,郑新军,李彦.不同功能型原生荒漠植物对小降雨的光合响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(10):2591-2597.
[18]吴绍洪,赵宗慈.气候变化和水的最新科学认知[J].气候变化研究进展,2009,5(3):125-133.
[19]苏永红,冯起,吕世华,等.额济纳生态环境退化及成因分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(2):264-270.
[20]鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等.极端干旱区多枝柽柳叶片气孔导度的环境响应模拟[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(6):483-490.
[21]司建华,常宗强,苏永红,等.胡杨叶片气孔导度特征及其对环境因子的响应[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(1):0125-0130.
[22]高松,苏培玺,严巧娣,等.C4荒漠植物猪毛菜与木本猪毛菜的叶片解剖结构及光合生理特征[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(2):347-354.
[23]张小由,龚家栋,周茂先,等.应用热脉冲技术对胡杨和柽柳树干液流的研究[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(5):585-590.
[24]Burgess S S O,Adams M A,Turner N C,et al.An improved heat pulse method to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in woody plants[J].Tree Physiology,2001,21:589-598.
[25]郑新军,李嵩,李彦,等.准噶尔盆地荒漠植物的叶片水分吸收策略[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(9):893-905.
[26]王亚婷,唐立松.古尔班通古特沙漠不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨的响应[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(6):1028-1034.
[27]Loik M E,Breshears D D,Lauenroth W K,et al.A multiscale perspective of water pulses in dryland ecosystems:climatology and ecohydrology of the western USA[J].Oecologia,2004,141:269-281.
[28]Sala O E,Lauenroth W K,Parton W J.Long-term soil water dynamics in the shortgrass steppe[J].Ecology,1992,73:1175-1181.
[29]种培芳,姬江丽,李毅,等.红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)对大气CO2浓度升高及降水变化的光合生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(4):714-723.
[30]Chen S,Lin G,Huang J,et al.Dependence of carbon sequestration on the differential responses of ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration to rain pulses in a semiarid steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(10):2450-2461.
[31]Wiegand T,Snyman H A,Kellner K,et al.Do grasslands have a memory:modeling phytomass production of a semiarid South African grassland[J].Ecosystems,2004,7(3):243-258.
[32]O’Connor T G,Haines L M,Snyman H A.Influence of precipitation and species composition on phytomass of a semiarid African grassland[J].Journal of Ecology,2001,89(5):850-860.
[33]Schwinning S,Sala O E,Loik M E,et al.Thresholds,memory,and seasonality:understanding pulse dynamics in aridsemi-arid ecosystems[J].Oecologia,2004,141(2):191-193.
[34]Yahdjian L,Sala O E.Vegetation structure constrains primary production response to water availability in the Patagonian steppe[J].Ecology,2006,87(4):952-962.
[35]Xu L,Baldocchl D D,Tang J.How soil moisture,rain pulses,and growth alter the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2004,18:GB4002.
[2]Dougherty RL,Lauenroth WK,Singh JS.Response of a grassland cactus to frequency and size of rainfall events in a North American shortgrass steppe[J].Journal of Ecology,1996,84:177-183.
[3]Limm E B,Simonin K A,Bothman A G,et al.Foliar water uptake:a common water acquisition strategy for plants of the redwood forest[J].Oecologia,2009,161:449-459.
[4]Munne-bosch S.Direct foliar absorption of rainfall water and its biological significance in dryland ecosystems[J].Journal of Arid environments,2010,74:417-418.
[5]Ben-Asher J,Alpert P,Ben-Zyi A.Dew is a major factor affecting vegetation water use efficiency rather than a source of water in the eastern Mediterranean area[J].Water Resources Research,2010,46(10):437-441.
[6]许文滔,赵平,王权,等.基于树干液流测定值的马占相思(Acacia mangium)冠层气孔导度计算及数值模拟[J].生态学报,2007(10):4122-4131.
[7]黄德卫,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山针阔叶混交林优势种树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2012(5):1159-1166.
[8]梅婷婷,赵平,倪广艳,等.树木胸径大小对树干液流变化格局的偏度和时滞效应[J].生态学报,2012(22):7018-7026.
[9]Carroll A B,Pallardy S G,Galen C.Drought stress,plant water status and floral trait expression in fireweed,Epilobium angustifoliun(Onagraceae)[J].American Jaounal of Botany,2001,88:438-446.
[10]Sperry J S.Hydraulic constraints on plant gas exchange[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,104(1):13-23.
[11]Marx A,Kunstmann H,Schuettemeyer D,et al.Uncertainty analysis for satellite derived sensible heat fluxes and scintillometer measurements over Savannah environment and comparison to mesoscale meteorological simulation results[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148(4):656-667.
[12]王海珍,韩路,李志军,等.塔里木河上游胡杨与灰杨光合水分生理特性[J].生态学报,2009(11):5843-5850.
[13]池波.大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松蒸腾耗水规律[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[14]阮成江,谢庆良.土壤水分对沙棘成活率及抗逆生理特性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学,2002,8(4):341-345.
[15]曹文强,韩海荣,马钦彦,等.山西太岳山辽东栋夏季树干液流通量研究[J].林业科学,2004,40(2):174-177.
[16]陈立欣,张志强,李湛东,等.大连4种城市绿化乔木树种夜间液流活动特征[J].植物生态学报,2010(5):535-546.
[17]吴玉,郑新军,李彦.不同功能型原生荒漠植物对小降雨的光合响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(10):2591-2597.
[18]吴绍洪,赵宗慈.气候变化和水的最新科学认知[J].气候变化研究进展,2009,5(3):125-133.
[19]苏永红,冯起,吕世华,等.额济纳生态环境退化及成因分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(2):264-270.
[20]鱼腾飞,冯起,司建华,等.极端干旱区多枝柽柳叶片气孔导度的环境响应模拟[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(6):483-490.
[21]司建华,常宗强,苏永红,等.胡杨叶片气孔导度特征及其对环境因子的响应[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(1):0125-0130.
[22]高松,苏培玺,严巧娣,等.C4荒漠植物猪毛菜与木本猪毛菜的叶片解剖结构及光合生理特征[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(2):347-354.
[23]张小由,龚家栋,周茂先,等.应用热脉冲技术对胡杨和柽柳树干液流的研究[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(5):585-590.
[24]Burgess S S O,Adams M A,Turner N C,et al.An improved heat pulse method to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in woody plants[J].Tree Physiology,2001,21:589-598.
[25]郑新军,李嵩,李彦,等.准噶尔盆地荒漠植物的叶片水分吸收策略[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(9):893-905.
[26]王亚婷,唐立松.古尔班通古特沙漠不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨的响应[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(6):1028-1034.
[27]Loik M E,Breshears D D,Lauenroth W K,et al.A multiscale perspective of water pulses in dryland ecosystems:climatology and ecohydrology of the western USA[J].Oecologia,2004,141:269-281.
[28]Sala O E,Lauenroth W K,Parton W J.Long-term soil water dynamics in the shortgrass steppe[J].Ecology,1992,73:1175-1181.
[29]种培芳,姬江丽,李毅,等.红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)对大气CO2浓度升高及降水变化的光合生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(4):714-723.
[30]Chen S,Lin G,Huang J,et al.Dependence of carbon sequestration on the differential responses of ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration to rain pulses in a semiarid steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(10):2450-2461.
[31]Wiegand T,Snyman H A,Kellner K,et al.Do grasslands have a memory:modeling phytomass production of a semiarid South African grassland[J].Ecosystems,2004,7(3):243-258.
[32]O’Connor T G,Haines L M,Snyman H A.Influence of precipitation and species composition on phytomass of a semiarid African grassland[J].Journal of Ecology,2001,89(5):850-860.
[33]Schwinning S,Sala O E,Loik M E,et al.Thresholds,memory,and seasonality:understanding pulse dynamics in aridsemi-arid ecosystems[J].Oecologia,2004,141(2):191-193.
[34]Yahdjian L,Sala O E.Vegetation structure constrains primary production response to water availability in the Patagonian steppe[J].Ecology,2006,87(4):952-962.
[35]Xu L,Baldocchl D D,Tang J.How soil moisture,rain pulses,and growth alter the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2004,18:GB4002.