南疆地区间作红枣苜蓿生理生态效应研究
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摘要
本试验共设置了枣树单作(CK)、距离两侧红枣0.50 m种植苜蓿(A)、距离两侧红枣1.00 m种植苜蓿(B)、距离两侧红枣1.45 m种植苜蓿(C)4个处理,研究不同种植模式对间作系统生理生态效应的影响。结果表明,在不同种植模式下,间作系统对气温有着良好的调节作用,其中A模式下苜蓿净光合速率较高;间作复合系统对浅层地温有高温季节降温、低温季节增温的作用,不同时期土壤的物理性质(土壤含水量、土壤容重)也发生相应的变化,对降低土壤的无效蒸发有重要意义;在苜蓿全年生产中,A模式产量最高;在灌溉定额的条件下,A模式下作物的贮水量最高,水分利用率也最高,说明合理的间作距离可以提高作物水分利用率。在不同种植模式中,A模式对生态系统中光温的利用相对适宜、土壤容重变化较为平稳、水分利用率最高,且产量也达到最高。综合衡量间作系统内的光、温、水分等的生理生态效应可以得出,A种植模式为红枣间作苜蓿的最佳种植模式。
In this experiment,four treatments were set up to study the effects of different planting patterns on the physiological and ecological effects of intercropping system,namely planting single plant of jujube(CK),planting alfalfa 0.50 m from both sides of jujube(A),planting alfalfa 1.00 m from both sides of jujube(B),and planting alfalfa 1.45 m from both sides of jujube(C).The results showed that intercropping system had a good regulating effect on temperature under different planting modes,and alfalfa had a higher net photosynthetic rate under A planting pattern.Intercropping compound system had the effect of cooling in high temperature season and warming in low temperature season on shallow soil temperature,and soil physical properties(soil moisture content,soil bulk density)also changed correspondingly in different periods,which was of great significance to reduce ineffective evaporation of soil.In alfalfa annual production,A planting pattern had the highest yield.Under the condition of irrigation quota,the water storage capacity and water utilization rate of crops were the highest in A planting pattern,indicating that reasonable intercropping distance could improve crop water utilization rate.Among the different planting patterns,A planting pattern had relatively appropriate utilization of light and temperature in the ecosystem,stable change of soil bulk density,the highest water utilization rate and the highest yield.By synthetically measuring the physiological and ecological effects of light,temperature and water in the intercropping system,it can be concluded that A planting pattern was the best one for alfalfa intercropping with jujube.
In this experiment,four treatments were set up to study the effects of different planting patterns on the physiological and ecological effects of intercropping system,namely planting single plant of jujube(CK),planting alfalfa 0.50 m from both sides of jujube(A),planting alfalfa 1.00 m from both sides of jujube(B),and planting alfalfa 1.45 m from both sides of jujube(C).The results showed that intercropping system had a good regulating effect on temperature under different planting modes,and alfalfa had a higher net photosynthetic rate under A planting pattern.Intercropping compound system had the effect of cooling in high temperature season and warming in low temperature season on shallow soil temperature,and soil physical properties(soil moisture content,soil bulk density)also changed correspondingly in different periods,which was of great significance to reduce ineffective evaporation of soil.In alfalfa annual production,A planting pattern had the highest yield.Under the condition of irrigation quota,the water storage capacity and water utilization rate of crops were the highest in A planting pattern,indicating that reasonable intercropping distance could improve crop water utilization rate.Among the different planting patterns,A planting pattern had relatively appropriate utilization of light and temperature in the ecosystem,stable change of soil bulk density,the highest water utilization rate and the highest yield.By synthetically measuring the physiological and ecological effects of light,temperature and water in the intercropping system,it can be concluded that A planting pattern was the best one for alfalfa intercropping with jujube.
引文
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[21]LIU H X,GUO Z G,GUO X H,et al.Effect of addition of silicon on water use efficiency and yield components of alfalfa under the different soil moisture[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009.
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[23]万素梅,胡建宏,胡守林,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种水分利用效率研究[J].西北农业学报,2004(2):133-137.
[2]李玲.几种果林套作条件的经济效益和养分消耗比较[J].南方农业,2012,6(11):4-6.
[3]SHOMAR B,EI-MADHOUN F,YAHYA A.Wastewater reuse for alfalfa production in the Gaza strip[J].WATER,Air,and Soil Pollution,2010,213(1):105-119.
[4]鲁鸿佩,孙爱华.草田轮作对粮食作物的增产效应[J].草业科学,2003,20(4):10-13.
[5]孙洪仁,刘国荣,张英俊,等.紫花苜蓿的需水量、耗水量、需水强度、耗水强度和水分利用效率研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(12):24-30.
[6]袁永生.枣树、紫花苜蓿间作栽培技术[J].北京农业,2012(15):37-39.
[7]唐梁柟.用地与养地结合,提高果园土壤肥力途径探讨[J].土壤肥料,1990(5):26-29.
[8]李光晨,李韶华.果园土壤管理与节水栽培[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1998:10-25.
[9]陈国栋,万素梅,冯福学,等.带型对小麦间作玉米产量和种间竞争力的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(7):990-997.
[10]王红菊.阿克苏地区主要农业气候资源分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2006.
[11]盛红亮,王会平,柴力军.新疆大叶苜蓿特征特性及丰产栽培[J].新疆农垦科技,2005(1):9-10.
[12]钟雯,唐明祥,张晓君,等.不同处理对新疆大叶紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(15):151-155.
[13]段落溪,姜会飞.农业气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:387-392.
[14]申孝军,孙景生,李明思,等.不同灌溉方式对覆膜棉田土壤温度的影响[J].节水灌溉,2011(11):19-24.
[15]焦念元,赵春,宁堂原,等.玉米-花生间作对作物产量和光合作用光响应的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):981-985.
[16]刘浩,段爱旺,高阳.间作种植模式下冬小麦棵间蒸发变化规律及估算模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(12):34-38.
[17]王来,高鹏翔,刘滨,等.核桃-小麦复合系统对浅层土壤温度的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):61-66.
[18]王来,高鹏翔,刘滨,等.农林复合对近地面微气候环境的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):21-25.
[19]吴发启,刘秉正.黄土高原流域农林复合配置[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003:1-30.
[20]丁宁,孙洪仁,刘志波,等.灌溉量对紫花苜蓿水分利用效率和耗水系数的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(6):636-639.
[21]LIU H X,GUO Z G,GUO X H,et al.Effect of addition of silicon on water use efficiency and yield components of alfalfa under the different soil moisture[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009.
[22]SUN H R,LIU G R,ZHANG Y J,et al.Water requirement,water consumption,water requirement rate,water consumption rate and water use efficiency of alfalfa[J].Pratacultural Science,2005.
[23]万素梅,胡建宏,胡守林,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种水分利用效率研究[J].西北农业学报,2004(2):133-137.
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