吉林玉米带不同玉米//小麦间作模式对作物产量及水分利用率的影响
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摘要
采用田间试验,设置4∶2(四垄玉米两垄小麦)、3∶2(三垄玉米两垄小麦)、2∶2(两垄玉米两垄小麦)3种不同的玉米//小麦间作模式及玉米、小麦单作共5个处理,探讨不同玉米//小麦间作模式对作物产量、水分利用率及种间竞争等方面的影响。两年试验表明,玉米//小麦间作模式与单作模式相比具有显著优势,间作处理的土地当量比(LER)均大于1。玉米//小麦间作系统中,小麦相对玉米的竞争力(Awm)均大于0。在小麦收获后,3种不同间作处理的玉米相对生长率(RGR)相比单作玉米提高显著。在作物耗水等方面,玉米//小麦的全生育期耗水量及水分利用率均高于单作。间作模式能显著增加玉米//小麦间作的子粒产量,其中2∶2处理组在产量表现等方面为最优。
The paper mainly illuminated the effects of maize//wheat intercropping system on crop yield and water use efficiency, and interspecies competition was also analyzed. In this study, five cropping systems were designed and conducted in two years, which were 4∶2(four rows of maize, two rows of wheat), 3∶2(three rows of maize,two rows of wheat), 2∶2(two rows of maize, two rows of wheat), mono-cropping maize and mono-cropping wheat. Theresults showed that three maize//wheat intercropping systems had significant advantages over the two single crop-ping patterns with their land equivalent ratio(LER) were >1 and the competitiveness of wheat relative to maize was >0. After wheat harvest, the relative growth rates(RGR) of maize in three different intercropping systems were signifi-cantly higher than those in single cropping systems. Besides, water consumption and water use efficiency in thethree maize//wheat intercropping systems were higher than those in single cropping system during whole growth period. And the three intercropping modes could significantly increase grain yield, and among which, 2∶2 mode was thebest.
The paper mainly illuminated the effects of maize//wheat intercropping system on crop yield and water use efficiency, and interspecies competition was also analyzed. In this study, five cropping systems were designed and conducted in two years, which were 4∶2(four rows of maize, two rows of wheat), 3∶2(three rows of maize,two rows of wheat), 2∶2(two rows of maize, two rows of wheat), mono-cropping maize and mono-cropping wheat. Theresults showed that three maize//wheat intercropping systems had significant advantages over the two single crop-ping patterns with their land equivalent ratio(LER) were >1 and the competitiveness of wheat relative to maize was >0. After wheat harvest, the relative growth rates(RGR) of maize in three different intercropping systems were signifi-cantly higher than those in single cropping systems. Besides, water consumption and water use efficiency in thethree maize//wheat intercropping systems were higher than those in single cropping system during whole growth period. And the three intercropping modes could significantly increase grain yield, and among which, 2∶2 mode was thebest.
引文
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[18]褚鹏飞,于振文,王东,等.耕作方式对小麦耗水特性和子粒产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(19):3954-3964.Chu P F,Yu Z W,Wang D,et al.Effects of tillage methods on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat[J].Agricultural Science of China,2010,43(19):3954-3964.(in Chinese)
[19]梅旭荣,康绍忠,于强,等.协同提升黄淮海平原作物生产力与农田水分利用效率途径[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1149-1157.Mei X R,Kang S Z,Yu Q,et al.Ways to improve crop productivity and water use efficiency of farmland in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J].Agricultural Science of China,2013,46(6):1149-1157.(in Chinese)
[20]叶优良,肖焱波,黄玉芳,等.玉米//小麦和蚕豆/玉米间作对水分利用的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(3):445-449.Ye Y L,Xiao Y B,Huang Y F,et al.Effects of maize/wheat and broad bean/maize intercropping on water use[J].China Agricultural Bulletin,2008,24(3):445-449.(in Chinese)
[2]卢静.施肥量、降雨及坡位对黑土区春玉米产量的影响[D].东北农业大学,2013.
[3]Chai Q,Yang C H,Huang G B.Water use characteristics of alternately irrigated wheat/maize intercropping in oasis region of northwestern China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(9):1623-1630.(in Chinese)
[4]王仰仁,杨丽霞.作物组合种植的需水量研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2000,19(4):64-67.Wang Y R,Yang L X.Study on water requirement of crop combination planting[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2000,19(4):64-67.(in Chinese)
[5]杨彩虹,史中欣,柴强,等.带型配置及施氮量对玉米间作豌豆产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,12(3):22-28.Yang C H,Shi Z X,Chai Q,et al.Effects of belt configuration and nitrogen application rate on yield and water use efficiency of pea intercropped with maize[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2011,12(3):22-28.(in Chinese)
[6]刘朝巍,王琦,刘青林,等.留茬方式对小麦间作玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):438-444.Liu C W,Wang Q,Liu Q L,et al.Effects of stubble retention on yield and water use efficiency of wheat-maize intercropping[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(2):438-444.(in Chinese)
[7]Willy R W,Rao M R.A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops[J].Experimental Agriculture,1980,16:117-125.
[8]De Wit C T,Van Den Bergh J P.Competition between herbage plants[J].Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,1965,13:212-221.
[9]江晓东,李增嘉,侯连涛,等.少免耕对灌溉农田冬小麦/夏玉米作物水、肥利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):5-8.Jiang X D,Li Z J,Hou L T,et al.Effects of less no-tillage on water and fertilizer utilization of winter wheat/summer maize crops in irrigated farmland[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(7):5-8.(in Chinese)
[10]Fetene M.Intra-and inter-specific competition between seedlings of Acacia etbaica and a perennial grass(Hyparrenia hirta)[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2003,55:441-451.
[11]侯连涛,江晓东,韩宾,等.不同覆盖处理对冬小麦气体交换参数及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):58-63.Hou L T,Jiang X D,Han B,et al.Effects of different mulching treatments on gas exchange parameters and water use efficiency of winter wheat[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(9):58-63.(in Chinese)
[12]Zhang F S,Li L.Using competitive and facilitative interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency[J].Plant Soil,2003,248:305-312.
[13]梁哲军,齐宏立,王玉香,等.不同滴灌定额对玉米光合性能及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(36):74-78.Liang Z J,Qi H L,Wang Y X,et al.effect of different drip irrigation quota on photosynthetic performance and water use efficiciency of maize[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(36):74-78.(in Chinese)
[14]Li L,Sun J H,Zhang F S,et al.Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercropping.Ⅰ.Yield advantage and interspecific interactions on nutrients[J].Field Crops Research,2011,71,123-137.
[15]Liu G C,Li L,Huang G B,et al.Intercropping advantage and contribution of above-ground and below-ground interactions in the barley-maize intercropping[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38:1787-1795.
[16]Li L,Sun J H,Zhang F S,et al.Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercropping:II.Recovery or compensation of maize and soybean after wheat harvesting[J].Field Crops Res.,2001,71:173-181.
[17]Midmore M D,Roca J,Berrios I D.Potato(Solanum spp.)in the hot tropics:IV.Intercropping with maize and the influence of shade on potato micro-environment and crop growth[J].Field Crops Res.,1988,18:145-157.
[18]褚鹏飞,于振文,王东,等.耕作方式对小麦耗水特性和子粒产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(19):3954-3964.Chu P F,Yu Z W,Wang D,et al.Effects of tillage methods on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat[J].Agricultural Science of China,2010,43(19):3954-3964.(in Chinese)
[19]梅旭荣,康绍忠,于强,等.协同提升黄淮海平原作物生产力与农田水分利用效率途径[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1149-1157.Mei X R,Kang S Z,Yu Q,et al.Ways to improve crop productivity and water use efficiency of farmland in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J].Agricultural Science of China,2013,46(6):1149-1157.(in Chinese)
[20]叶优良,肖焱波,黄玉芳,等.玉米//小麦和蚕豆/玉米间作对水分利用的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(3):445-449.Ye Y L,Xiao Y B,Huang Y F,et al.Effects of maize/wheat and broad bean/maize intercropping on water use[J].China Agricultural Bulletin,2008,24(3):445-449.(in Chinese)
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