豫中烟区水肥一体化条件下烤烟临界氮浓度稀释曲线与氮素营养诊断研究
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摘要
【目的】为探究豫中烟区水肥一体化条件下烤烟临界氮浓度稀释曲线。【方法】以烤烟品种"豫烟10号"为试材,进行了田间试验,试验设置6个氮素(N0、N_1、N_2、N_3、N_4和N_5)水平,通过测定6个氮素水平下的烤烟叶片干物质量、氮浓度以及氮素累积量,构建了水肥一体化条件下烤烟的临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型,并通过建立烤烟氮营养指数模型判断了烟株氮素营养的丰缺情况。【结果】(1)烤烟叶片干物质积累量随施氮量增加先增加后降低,氮浓度随烤烟生长进程而降低;(2)当叶片干物质积累量小于1 t/hm~2时,干物质量和氮浓度的数据量变异较大且两者之间没有显著关系,当叶片干物质积累量大于1 t/hm~2时,随着叶片干物质积累量的增加氮浓度逐渐降低;(3)烤烟叶片临界氮浓度、烤烟最高(N_(max))、最低(N_(min))氮浓度稀释模型与叶片干物质量之间均呈现幂指数的关系,其决定系数分别为R~2=0.8768、0.8371、0.9537,均方根误差RMSE对模型的验证结果表明,该模型具有相对较好的模拟性能;(4)烤烟氮素营养状况的判定可以通过临界氮浓度建立的烤烟氮素吸收模型(N_(uptc))、氮素营养指数模型(NNI)来表示,水肥一体化条件下豫中烟区的适宜施氮量在NNI下的诊断结果以30～45 kg/hm~2为最佳施氮量。【结论】利用烤烟临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型和氮营养指数模型能够精准地预测水肥一体化条件下烤烟移栽后40 d到成熟期的氮素营养状况,从而为优化烤烟的氮素管理提供指导。
Experiment was conducted to investigate critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve in flue-cured tobacco under integration of water and fertilizer in tobacco-growing areas in central Henan. Field experiments were carried out using ?ue-cured tobacco variety Yuyan10 as the test material. Six nitrogen levels, i.e. N0, N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5, were tested.. By measuring dry matter, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation of ?ue-cured tobacco leaves at six nitrogen levels, critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model under integration of water and fertilizer was constructed. Nitrogen nutrition index model of ?ue-cured tobacco was therefore established to determine nitrogen nutrition status of tobacco plants. Results showed that:(1)Dry matter accumulation of ?ue-cured tobacco leaves increased ?rst and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and nitrogen concentration decreased with growth process.(2) When dry matter accumulation of tobacco leaves was less than 1 t/hm~2, data variations of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen concentration were highly variable and there was no signi?cant relationship between the two. When leaf dry matter accumulation was more than 1 t/hm~2, nitrogen concentration decreased with the increase of leaf dry matter accumulation.(3) There exist a power exponent relationship between critical nitrogen concentration, the highest(N_(max)) and the lowest(N_(min)) critical nitrogen concentration dilution model and leaf dry matter quality of ?ue-cured tobacco leaves, with the decision coef?cients being R~2=0.8768,0.8371, 0.9537 respectively. Root mean square error(RMSE) veri?cation results showed that the model had good simulation performance.(4)The determination of nitrogen nutrition status in ?ue-cured tobacco can be expressed by the nitrogen absorption model(N_(uptc)) and the nitrogen nutrition index model(NNI). Under integration water and fertilizer, the optimal nitrogen application rate in tobacco-growing areas in central Henan was 30-45 kg/hm~2 under NNI. Therefore, the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model and nitrogen nutrition index model of ?ue-cured tobacco can be used to accurately predict nitrogen nutrition status of ?ue-cured tobacco from 40 days to maturity under the integration of water and fertilizer. This study provides guidance for optimizing nitrogen management in ?ue-cured tobacco.
Experiment was conducted to investigate critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve in flue-cured tobacco under integration of water and fertilizer in tobacco-growing areas in central Henan. Field experiments were carried out using ?ue-cured tobacco variety Yuyan10 as the test material. Six nitrogen levels, i.e. N0, N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5, were tested.. By measuring dry matter, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation of ?ue-cured tobacco leaves at six nitrogen levels, critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model under integration of water and fertilizer was constructed. Nitrogen nutrition index model of ?ue-cured tobacco was therefore established to determine nitrogen nutrition status of tobacco plants. Results showed that:(1)Dry matter accumulation of ?ue-cured tobacco leaves increased ?rst and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and nitrogen concentration decreased with growth process.(2) When dry matter accumulation of tobacco leaves was less than 1 t/hm~2, data variations of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen concentration were highly variable and there was no signi?cant relationship between the two. When leaf dry matter accumulation was more than 1 t/hm~2, nitrogen concentration decreased with the increase of leaf dry matter accumulation.(3) There exist a power exponent relationship between critical nitrogen concentration, the highest(N_(max)) and the lowest(N_(min)) critical nitrogen concentration dilution model and leaf dry matter quality of ?ue-cured tobacco leaves, with the decision coef?cients being R~2=0.8768,0.8371, 0.9537 respectively. Root mean square error(RMSE) veri?cation results showed that the model had good simulation performance.(4)The determination of nitrogen nutrition status in ?ue-cured tobacco can be expressed by the nitrogen absorption model(N_(uptc)) and the nitrogen nutrition index model(NNI). Under integration water and fertilizer, the optimal nitrogen application rate in tobacco-growing areas in central Henan was 30-45 kg/hm~2 under NNI. Therefore, the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model and nitrogen nutrition index model of ?ue-cured tobacco can be used to accurately predict nitrogen nutrition status of ?ue-cured tobacco from 40 days to maturity under the integration of water and fertilizer. This study provides guidance for optimizing nitrogen management in ?ue-cured tobacco.
引文
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[23]Lemaire G,Denoix A.Croissance estivale en matière sèche de peuplements de fétuqueélevée(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)et de dactyle(Dactylis glomerata L.)dans l'Ouest de la France.II.Interaction entre les nivaux d'alimentation hydrique et de nutrition azotée[J].Agronomie,1987,7(6):373-380.
[24]Willmott C J.Some Comments on the Evaluation of Model Performance[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1982,63(11):1309-1369.
[25]Yang J,Greenwood D J,Rowell D L,et al.Statistical methods for evaluating a crop nitrogen simulation model,N_ABLE.[J].Agricultural Systems,2000,64(1):37-53.
[26]刘其.基于过程的滴灌春小麦临界氮需求量定量化模拟模型[D].石河子大学,2013.LIU Qi.Process-based simulation model for the critical nitrogen demand of drip irrigation spring wheat[D].Shihezi University,2013.
[27]Jamieson P D,Porter J R,Wilson D R.A test of the computer simulation model ARCWHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand[J].Field Crops Research,1991,27(4):337-350.
[28]李正鹏,冯浩,宋明丹.关中平原冬小麦临界氮稀释曲线和氮营养指数研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):177-183,273.LI Zhengpeng,FENG Hao,SONG Mingdan.Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):177-183+273.
[29]李明福.不同施氮量对烟草雄性不育K326产量和产值的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2009(03):88-89.LI Mingfu.Effect of Different Nitrogen Application on Yield and Output Value of Tobacco Male Sterile K326[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2009(03):88-89.
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[2]刘国顺,烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:157-158.LIU Guoshun.Tobacco Cultivation[M].BeiJing:China Agriculture Press,2003:157-158.
[3]王新,马富裕,刁明,等.滴灌番茄临界氮浓度、氮素吸收和氮营养指数模拟[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):99-108.WANG Xin,MA Fuyu,DIAO Ming,et al.Simulation of critical nitrogen concentration,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen nutrition index of processing tomato with drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(18):99-108.
[4]Greenwood D J,Lemaire G,Gosse G,et al.Decline in Percentage N of C3 and C4 Crops with Increasing Plant Mass[J].Annals of Botany,1990,66(4):425-436.
[5]Lemaire G,Gastal F,Cruz P,Greenwood D J,Draycott A.Relationships between plant-N,plant mass and relative growth rate for C3 and C4 crops.In:Scaife A ed.Proceedings of the First European Society of Agronomy Congress,Paris,1990:1-5.
[6]Olesen J E,Berntsen J,Hansen E M,et al.Crop nitrogen demand and canopy area expansion in winter wheat during vegetative growth[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2002,16(4):279-294.
[7]Plénet D,Lemaire G.Relationships between dynamics of nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation in maize crops.Determination of critical N concentration[J].Plant&Soil,1999,216(1-2):65-82.
[8]Oosterom E J V,Carberry P S,Muchow R C.Critical and minimum N contents for development and growth of grain sorghum[J].Field Crops Research,2001,70(1):55-73.
[9]Gayler S,Wang E,Priesack E,et al.Modeling biomass growth,N-uptake and phenological development of potato crop[J].Geoderma,2002,105(3-4):367-383.
[10]Giletto C M,Echeverría H E.Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve for Processing Potato in Argentinean Humid Pampas[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2012,89(2):102-110.
[11]Colnenne C,Meynard J M,Reau R,et al.Determination of a Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve for Winter Oilseed Rape[J].Annals of Botany,1998,81(2):311-317.
[12]Debaeke P,van Oosterom E J,Justes E,et al.A species-specific critical nitrogen dilution curve for sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)[J].Field Crops Research,2012,136(5):76-84.
[13]马露露,吕新,张泽,等.基于临界氮浓度的滴灌棉花氮素营养诊断模型研究[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(02):277-283.MA Lulu,LV Xin,ZHANG Ze,et al.Establishment of Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis Model for Drip-irrigation CottonBased on Critical Nitrogen Concentration[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(02):277-283.
[14]杨慧,曹红霞,柳美玉,等.水氮耦合条件下番茄临界氮浓度模型的建立及氮素营养诊断[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(05):1234-1242.YANG Hui,CAO Hongxia,LIU Meiyu,et al.Simulation of critical nitrogen concentration and nitrogen nutrition index of tomato under different water and nitrogen conditions[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2015,21(05):1234-1242.
[15]李正鹏,宋明丹,冯浩.关中地区玉米临界氮浓度稀释曲线的建立和验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(13):135-141.LI Zhengpeng,SONG Mingdan,FENG Hao,Development and validation of critical nitrogen content curve for maize in Guanzhong area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(13):135-141.
[16]强生才,张富仓,田建柯,等.基于叶片干物质的冬小麦临界氮稀释曲线模拟研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):121-128.QIANG Shengcai,ZHANG Fucang,TIAN Jianke,et al.Development of Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve in Winter Wheat Based on Leaf Dry Matter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(11):121-128.
[17]梁效贵,张经廷,周丽丽,等.华北地区夏玉米临界氮稀释曲线和氮营养指数研究[J].作物学报,2013,39(02):292-299.LIANG Xiaogui,ZHANG Jingting,ZHOU Lili,et al.Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Index for SummerMaize in North China Plain[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(02):292-299.
[18]王维,陈建军,吕永华,等.烤烟氮素营养诊断及精准施肥模式研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(09):77-84.WANG Wei,CHEN Jianjun,LV Yonghua,et al.Research on nitrogen nutrition diagnosis and precision fertilizing model forflue-cured tobacco[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(09):77-84.
[19]Brye K R,Norman J M,Gower S T,et al.Methodological limitations and N-budget differences among a restored tallgrass prairie and maize agroecosystems[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2003,97(1-3):181-198.
[20]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].高等教育出版社,2000.LI Hesheng.Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry[M].Higher Education Press,2000.
[21]Justes E,Mary B,Meynard J M,et al.Determination of a Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve for Winter Wheat Crops[J].Annals of Botany,1994,74(4):397-407.
[22]薛晓萍,陈兵林,郭文琦,等.棉花临界需氮量动态定量模型[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2363-2370.XUE Xiaoping,CHEN Binglin,GUO Wenqi,et al.Dynamicquantitative model of critical nitrogen demand of cotton[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(12):2363-2370.
[23]Lemaire G,Denoix A.Croissance estivale en matière sèche de peuplements de fétuqueélevée(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)et de dactyle(Dactylis glomerata L.)dans l'Ouest de la France.II.Interaction entre les nivaux d'alimentation hydrique et de nutrition azotée[J].Agronomie,1987,7(6):373-380.
[24]Willmott C J.Some Comments on the Evaluation of Model Performance[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1982,63(11):1309-1369.
[25]Yang J,Greenwood D J,Rowell D L,et al.Statistical methods for evaluating a crop nitrogen simulation model,N_ABLE.[J].Agricultural Systems,2000,64(1):37-53.
[26]刘其.基于过程的滴灌春小麦临界氮需求量定量化模拟模型[D].石河子大学,2013.LIU Qi.Process-based simulation model for the critical nitrogen demand of drip irrigation spring wheat[D].Shihezi University,2013.
[27]Jamieson P D,Porter J R,Wilson D R.A test of the computer simulation model ARCWHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand[J].Field Crops Research,1991,27(4):337-350.
[28]李正鹏,冯浩,宋明丹.关中平原冬小麦临界氮稀释曲线和氮营养指数研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):177-183,273.LI Zhengpeng,FENG Hao,SONG Mingdan.Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):177-183+273.
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