养殖环境主要因子对肉鹅生长性能的影响
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摘要
旨在研究各个养殖环境主要因子对马岗鹅生长性能的影响。试验将96只刚出壳的马岗鹅平均分为A、B、C 3组,A组禽舍有运动场,周围无树木环绕;B组禽舍有运动场,且周围树木环绕;C组禽舍无运动场,周围无树木环绕。试验期间各组鹅自由采食、饮水,定期进行舍内清洁,保持饲养管理一致。试验共进行7周,每周最后一天对舍内温湿度、光强、二氧化碳、氨气、粉尘、空气微生物等环境因子进行检测,并统计鹅体重和采食量。结果表明,有运动场和周围树木环绕的B组鹅群的体重和日增重均最高,而无运动场的C组鹅群的生长状况最差。环境因子分析发现,B组的温度、湿度和空气总菌含量指标是3组中最优的,而其他环境因子不是。研究结果显示,马岗鹅的生长性能是多个环境因子共同作用的结果,其中温度和湿度是重要的影响因子,而运动场为鹅群提供足够的活动空间,是鹅生长性能正常发挥的保障。
This experiment was tostudy the effect of the main factors of breeding environment on growth performance of Magang geese. 96 newly hatched Maganggeese were evenly divided into A, B and C groups(n=32). Group A poultry house has a playground and is not surrounded by trees; Group B poultry house has a playground and surrounded by trees; Group C poultry house has no playground and is not surrounded by trees. During the experiment, each group of geese freely ate and drank, and their houses were cleaned regularly and kept under the same management. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. On the last day of the week, the environmental factors including temperature, humidity, light intensity, the concentrations of carbon dioxide, ammonia adducts in the air, and the content of airborne microorganisms were tested; and the body weight, feed intake, and mortality of the geese were measured. The results showed that Group B provided with sports fields and surrounding trees had the highest of body weight and daily weight gain, while Group C living without sports fields had the worst growth performance. From the point of view of individual environmental factors, Group B only had the best temperature and humidity indexes but not all the environmental factors. The growth performance of geese was the result of the co-functions of multiple environmental factors, of which temperature and humidity were the more important factors. The sports field provides sufficient space for the geese activity and guarantees normal growth performance of the fowl.
This experiment was tostudy the effect of the main factors of breeding environment on growth performance of Magang geese. 96 newly hatched Maganggeese were evenly divided into A, B and C groups(n=32). Group A poultry house has a playground and is not surrounded by trees; Group B poultry house has a playground and surrounded by trees; Group C poultry house has no playground and is not surrounded by trees. During the experiment, each group of geese freely ate and drank, and their houses were cleaned regularly and kept under the same management. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. On the last day of the week, the environmental factors including temperature, humidity, light intensity, the concentrations of carbon dioxide, ammonia adducts in the air, and the content of airborne microorganisms were tested; and the body weight, feed intake, and mortality of the geese were measured. The results showed that Group B provided with sports fields and surrounding trees had the highest of body weight and daily weight gain, while Group C living without sports fields had the worst growth performance. From the point of view of individual environmental factors, Group B only had the best temperature and humidity indexes but not all the environmental factors. The growth performance of geese was the result of the co-functions of multiple environmental factors, of which temperature and humidity were the more important factors. The sports field provides sufficient space for the geese activity and guarantees normal growth performance of the fowl.
引文
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[2] 施振旦, 孙爱东, 黄运茂, 等. 广东省今年养鹅业的存在问题和发展趋势[J].养禽与禽病防治, 2003(11):2-4.
[3] 师红霞. 规模化养鹅场的现状及卫生管理措施[J].养殖技术顾问, 2014(8):204.
[4] 孟苓凤. 鹅养殖中环境控制的研究进展[J].水禽世界, 2012(1):43-45.
[5] 常玉, 冯京海, 张敏红. 环境温度、湿度等因素对家禽体温调节的影响及评估模型[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(5):1341-1347.
[6] 王妮, 徐银花, 张万福, 等. 商品肉鸡舍内环境因子含量测定及分布规律研究[J].家畜生态学报, 2012, 33 (5):83-86.
[7] 王秋菊, 周瑞进, 李建磊, 等. 不同光照时间对鹅体重变化的影响分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2013(17):65-66.
[8] Miles D M, Brooks J, McLaughlin M, et al. Broiler litter ammonia emissions near sidewalls, feeders, and waters[J].Poult Sci, 2013, 92(7):1693-1698.
[9] Zhou C, Hu J, Zhang B, et al. Gaseous emissions, growth performance and pork quality of pigs housed in deep-litter system compared to concrete-floor system[J].Anim Sci J, 2015, 86(4):422-427.
[10] 童海兵, 邵丹, 张珊, 等. 不同饲养密度对肉鸡舍内有害气体、粉尘和微生物的影响[J].中国家禽, 2014, 36(20):30-33.
[11] 刘威利. 鹅致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及敏感药物的筛选与初步应用[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2014.
[12] 吕学泽, 高敏, 李复煌, 等. 规模化养鸡场生物气溶胶分布状况的初步研究[J].中国畜牧业, 2015, 20: 92-93.
[13] 王继文. 肉鹅适度规模化生产关键点控制[J].中国家禽, 2010, 32(18):33-35.
[14] 郭传凤, Aziz T, Barnes H. 氨气对家禽的危害[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽), 2010, 30(5):33-35.
[15] 张永英, 索慧娜, 钟翠红, 等. 饲养模式对鸡舍空气细菌总数、大肠杆菌数及氨气浓度的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2015(8):52-54.