含风电的真双极混合型MMC-MTDC系统故障穿越及能量耗散控制
|
摘要
为解决柔性直流电网的故障问题,采用混合型模块化多电平换流器搭建双极四端直流电网。设计了单极换流器故障及直流线路故障无闭锁运行策略。系统无闭锁运行期间并网点交流电压稳定,风机可维持正常运行。考虑到故障期间风机持续并网输出功率,根据风电场出力设计了耗散电阻自适应分级投入策略,通过与风机内部的斩波电阻的配合,耗散掉多余的能量。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC的多组仿真,验证了混合型柔性直流电网的故障无闭锁运行及能量耗散的有效性。
To solve the faults in high-voltage direct current grid(HVDC grid), hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter(MMC) is adopted to set up a bipolar four-terminal DC grid. The MMC non-blocking operation strategies of unipolar converter fault and DC line fault are designed. During the fault operation, the AC voltage at the grid-connection point is stable and the wind turbine can maintain normal operation. Considering the continuous output wind power in the fault period, an adaptive step-by-step control strategy of dissipative resistance is designed, taking the output wind power as criteria. The excess energy is dissipated by cooperating with the dissipation resistance and chopper resistance inside the direct-drive wind turbine. Finally, the simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC platform verifies the MMC unblocking fault ride-through operation of hybrid MTDC grid and proves the effectiveness of its fault energy dissipation.
To solve the faults in high-voltage direct current grid(HVDC grid), hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter(MMC) is adopted to set up a bipolar four-terminal DC grid. The MMC non-blocking operation strategies of unipolar converter fault and DC line fault are designed. During the fault operation, the AC voltage at the grid-connection point is stable and the wind turbine can maintain normal operation. Considering the continuous output wind power in the fault period, an adaptive step-by-step control strategy of dissipative resistance is designed, taking the output wind power as criteria. The excess energy is dissipated by cooperating with the dissipation resistance and chopper resistance inside the direct-drive wind turbine. Finally, the simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC platform verifies the MMC unblocking fault ride-through operation of hybrid MTDC grid and proves the effectiveness of its fault energy dissipation.
引文
[1]李道洋,姚为正,吴金龙,等.应用于海上风电场柔性直流接入系统的直流故障穿越协同控制策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):47-54.LI Daoyang,YAO Weizheng,WU Jinlong,et al.Coordinated DC fault ride-through control strategy for offshore wind farm interconnection with flexible HVDC[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):47-54.
[2]文劲宇,陈霞,姚美齐,等.适用于海上风场并网的混合多端直流输电技术研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(2):55-61.WEN Jinyu,CHEN Xia,YAO Meiqi,et al.Offshore wind power integration using hybrid multi-terminal HVDC technology[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(2):55-61.
[3]洪莎莎,武迪,吕宏水,等.基于高阶系统模型的VSC-MTDC下垂控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(22):125-131.HONG Shasha,WU Di,LüHongshui,et al.Droop control strategy research of VSC-MTDC based on high-order system model[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(22):125-131.
[4]陈燕红,李世军,李延平,等.基于内模控制的MMC-HVDC海上风电场不对称电网下的保护策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(22):95-103.CHEN Yanhong,LI Shijun,LI Yanping,et al.Internal model control based protection strategy for MMC-HVDCoffshore wind farm under unbalanced grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(22):95-103.
[5]GOMIS-BELLMUNT O,EGEA-ALVAREZ A,JUNYENT-FERRE A,et al.Multiterminal HVDC-VSCfor offshore wind power integration[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 24-29,2011,Detroit,MI,USA:1-6.
[6]ZOU Guibin,HUANG Qiang,SONG Shenglan,et al.Novel transient-energy-based directional pilot protection method for HVDC line[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):159-168.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0047-z.
[7]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399,3666.LI Yingbiao,BU Guangquan,WANG Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DC overvoltage caused by DC short-circuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399,3666.
[8]许义佳,罗映红,史彤彤,等.具有直流故障自清除能力的新型MMC子模块及其混合拓扑[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(7):129-137.XU Yijia,LUO Yinghong,SHI Tongtong,et al.A new MMC sub-module with DC fault self-clearing ability and its hybrid topology[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(7):129-137.
[9]ZENG R,XU L,YAO L Z,et al.Hybrid HVDC for integrating wind farms with special consideration on commutation failure[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):789-796.
[10]曹帅,向往,姚良忠,等.风电经混合型MMC-HVDC并网系统的交直流故障穿越分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(7):37-43.CAO Shuai,XIANG Wang,YAO Liangzhong,et al.ACand DC fault ride-through analysis of hybrid MMC-HVDCintegrating wind power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(7):37-43.
[11]李少华,王秀丽,李泰,等.混合式MMC及其直流故障穿越策略优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1849-1858.LI Shaohua,WANG Xiuli,LI Tai,et al.Optimal design for hybrid MMC and its DC fault ride-through strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1849-1858.
[12]郭晓茜,崔翔,齐磊.架空线双极MMC-HVDC系统直流短路故障分析和保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2177-2185.GUO Xiaoqian,CUI Xiang,QI Lei.DC short-circuit fault analysis and protection for the overhead line bipolar MMC-HVDC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2177-2185.
[13]XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,WEN Jinyu,et al.Fourchannel control of hybrid MMC with pole-to-ground DCfault ride through capability[C]//2017 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting,July 16-20,2017,Chicago,IL,USA:1-5.
[14]阳岳希,贺之渊,周杨,等.厦门±320 kV柔性直流输电工程的控制方式和运行性能[J].智能电网,2016,4(3):229-234.YANG Yuexi,HE Zhiyuan,ZHOU Yang,et al.Control mode and operating performance of Xiamen±320 k VVSC-HVDC project[J].Smart Grid,2016,4(3):229-234.
[15]何炎,李周,李亚州,等.基于真双极接线的VSC_MTDC系统功率转代策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):95-101.HE Yan,LI Zhou,LI Yazhou,et al.Power conversion strategy of VSC-MTDC system based on real bipolar wiring mode[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):95-101.
[16]鲁晓军,林卫星,姚良忠,等.辅助经VSC-HVDC并网的海上风电场故障穿越的动态制动电阻参数设计与控制策略[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(5):19-26.LU Xiaojun,LIN Weixing,YAO Liangzhong,et al.Parameter design and control strategy of dynamic braking resistor for aiding fault ride-through of offshore wind farms connected through VSC-HVDC[J].Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(5):19-26.
[17]李琦,宋强,刘文华,等.基于柔性直流输电的风电场并网故障穿越协调控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1739-1745.LI Qi,SONG Qiang,LIU Wenhua,et al.A coordinated control strategy for fault ride-through of wind farm integration based on VSC-HVDC[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1739-1745.
[18]董旭,张峻榤,王枫,等.风电经架空柔性直流输电线路并网的交直流故障穿越技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):48-55.DONG Xu,ZHANG Junjie,WANG Feng,et al.AC and DC fault ride-through technology for wind power integration via VSC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):48-55.
[19]XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,XU Lie,et al.Enhanced independent pole control of hybrid MMC-HVDCsystem[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(2):861-872.
[20]樊壮,陈卫,钟柯,等.基于直驱风机风电场的无功综合调配策略研究[J].电气技术,2017(4):22-26,43.FAN Zhuang,CHEN Wei,ZHONG Ke,et al.Research of reactive power allocation strategy based on PMSGwind farm[J].Electrical Engineering,2017(4):22-26,43.
[21]王晨,庄劲武,张超,等.串联晶闸管在大脉冲电流下的开通过程研究[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(3):14-19.WANG Chen,ZHUANG Jinwu,ZHANG Chao,et al.Research of series thyristor turn-on process with high pulse current[J].Electric Machines and Control,2014,18(3):14-19.
[22]刘宾礼,刘德志,罗毅飞,等.基于电压电流的IGBT关断机理与关断时间研究[J].物理学报,2013,62(5):392-400.LIU Binli,LIU Dezhi,LUO Yifei,et al.Investigation into the turn-off mechanism and time of IGBT based on voltage and current[J].Acta Phys Sin,2013,62(5):392-400.
[23]胡书举,李建林,许洪华.永磁直驱风电系统低电压运行特性的分析[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(17):73-77.HU Shuju,LI Jianlin,XU Honghua.Analysis on the low voltage ride through capability of direct drive permanent magnetic generator wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(17):73-77.
[2]文劲宇,陈霞,姚美齐,等.适用于海上风场并网的混合多端直流输电技术研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(2):55-61.WEN Jinyu,CHEN Xia,YAO Meiqi,et al.Offshore wind power integration using hybrid multi-terminal HVDC technology[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(2):55-61.
[3]洪莎莎,武迪,吕宏水,等.基于高阶系统模型的VSC-MTDC下垂控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(22):125-131.HONG Shasha,WU Di,LüHongshui,et al.Droop control strategy research of VSC-MTDC based on high-order system model[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(22):125-131.
[4]陈燕红,李世军,李延平,等.基于内模控制的MMC-HVDC海上风电场不对称电网下的保护策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(22):95-103.CHEN Yanhong,LI Shijun,LI Yanping,et al.Internal model control based protection strategy for MMC-HVDCoffshore wind farm under unbalanced grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(22):95-103.
[5]GOMIS-BELLMUNT O,EGEA-ALVAREZ A,JUNYENT-FERRE A,et al.Multiterminal HVDC-VSCfor offshore wind power integration[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 24-29,2011,Detroit,MI,USA:1-6.
[6]ZOU Guibin,HUANG Qiang,SONG Shenglan,et al.Novel transient-energy-based directional pilot protection method for HVDC line[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):159-168.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0047-z.
[7]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399,3666.LI Yingbiao,BU Guangquan,WANG Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DC overvoltage caused by DC short-circuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399,3666.
[8]许义佳,罗映红,史彤彤,等.具有直流故障自清除能力的新型MMC子模块及其混合拓扑[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(7):129-137.XU Yijia,LUO Yinghong,SHI Tongtong,et al.A new MMC sub-module with DC fault self-clearing ability and its hybrid topology[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(7):129-137.
[9]ZENG R,XU L,YAO L Z,et al.Hybrid HVDC for integrating wind farms with special consideration on commutation failure[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):789-796.
[10]曹帅,向往,姚良忠,等.风电经混合型MMC-HVDC并网系统的交直流故障穿越分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(7):37-43.CAO Shuai,XIANG Wang,YAO Liangzhong,et al.ACand DC fault ride-through analysis of hybrid MMC-HVDCintegrating wind power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(7):37-43.
[11]李少华,王秀丽,李泰,等.混合式MMC及其直流故障穿越策略优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1849-1858.LI Shaohua,WANG Xiuli,LI Tai,et al.Optimal design for hybrid MMC and its DC fault ride-through strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1849-1858.
[12]郭晓茜,崔翔,齐磊.架空线双极MMC-HVDC系统直流短路故障分析和保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2177-2185.GUO Xiaoqian,CUI Xiang,QI Lei.DC short-circuit fault analysis and protection for the overhead line bipolar MMC-HVDC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2177-2185.
[13]XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,WEN Jinyu,et al.Fourchannel control of hybrid MMC with pole-to-ground DCfault ride through capability[C]//2017 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting,July 16-20,2017,Chicago,IL,USA:1-5.
[14]阳岳希,贺之渊,周杨,等.厦门±320 kV柔性直流输电工程的控制方式和运行性能[J].智能电网,2016,4(3):229-234.YANG Yuexi,HE Zhiyuan,ZHOU Yang,et al.Control mode and operating performance of Xiamen±320 k VVSC-HVDC project[J].Smart Grid,2016,4(3):229-234.
[15]何炎,李周,李亚州,等.基于真双极接线的VSC_MTDC系统功率转代策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):95-101.HE Yan,LI Zhou,LI Yazhou,et al.Power conversion strategy of VSC-MTDC system based on real bipolar wiring mode[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):95-101.
[16]鲁晓军,林卫星,姚良忠,等.辅助经VSC-HVDC并网的海上风电场故障穿越的动态制动电阻参数设计与控制策略[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(5):19-26.LU Xiaojun,LIN Weixing,YAO Liangzhong,et al.Parameter design and control strategy of dynamic braking resistor for aiding fault ride-through of offshore wind farms connected through VSC-HVDC[J].Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(5):19-26.
[17]李琦,宋强,刘文华,等.基于柔性直流输电的风电场并网故障穿越协调控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1739-1745.LI Qi,SONG Qiang,LIU Wenhua,et al.A coordinated control strategy for fault ride-through of wind farm integration based on VSC-HVDC[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1739-1745.
[18]董旭,张峻榤,王枫,等.风电经架空柔性直流输电线路并网的交直流故障穿越技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):48-55.DONG Xu,ZHANG Junjie,WANG Feng,et al.AC and DC fault ride-through technology for wind power integration via VSC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):48-55.
[19]XIANG Wang,LIN Weixing,XU Lie,et al.Enhanced independent pole control of hybrid MMC-HVDCsystem[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(2):861-872.
[20]樊壮,陈卫,钟柯,等.基于直驱风机风电场的无功综合调配策略研究[J].电气技术,2017(4):22-26,43.FAN Zhuang,CHEN Wei,ZHONG Ke,et al.Research of reactive power allocation strategy based on PMSGwind farm[J].Electrical Engineering,2017(4):22-26,43.
[21]王晨,庄劲武,张超,等.串联晶闸管在大脉冲电流下的开通过程研究[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(3):14-19.WANG Chen,ZHUANG Jinwu,ZHANG Chao,et al.Research of series thyristor turn-on process with high pulse current[J].Electric Machines and Control,2014,18(3):14-19.
[22]刘宾礼,刘德志,罗毅飞,等.基于电压电流的IGBT关断机理与关断时间研究[J].物理学报,2013,62(5):392-400.LIU Binli,LIU Dezhi,LUO Yifei,et al.Investigation into the turn-off mechanism and time of IGBT based on voltage and current[J].Acta Phys Sin,2013,62(5):392-400.
[23]胡书举,李建林,许洪华.永磁直驱风电系统低电压运行特性的分析[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(17):73-77.HU Shuju,LI Jianlin,XU Honghua.Analysis on the low voltage ride through capability of direct drive permanent magnetic generator wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(17):73-77.