类铀矿岩材料制备及氡扩散系数测定的实验研究
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摘要
扩散过程是主导氡在铀矿岩中运移与析出的主要方式。铀矿原岩辐射较大且取样困难,不利于开展有关室内实验。为了解决以上问题,依据相似理论,以某花岗岩为原型,选取石英砂、铀尾砂、水泥、精铁粉和微硅粉等为原材料,制备了3种不同材料配比的圆柱形类铀矿岩试样,并测定了原型和试样的物理力学参数;然后采用密闭腔体法测量了原型和试样在不同包裹方式下的累积氡浓度,推导氡的扩散性能参数的计算公式,通过计算获得了原型和试样的氡扩散长度和扩散系数。实验结果表明:花岗岩原型与所制备的类铀矿岩的颗粒密度、抗压强度、抗拉强度、内聚力和内摩擦角相似比的均值分别为1.09∶1、3.93∶1、4.28∶1、3.47∶1和1.00∶1;花岗岩原型的扩散系数为0.146×10~(-6)m~2·s~(-1),类铀矿岩的扩散系数介于0.114×10~(-6)~0.594×10~(-6)m~2·s~(-1)之间,两者的相似比介于0.25∶1~1.28∶1之间。研究认为所制备的试样3在一定程度上可用来模拟花岗岩型铀矿岩,以满足室内实验的需求。
Diffusion process is the main factor that leads to the migration and exhalation of radon in uranium ore. Taking into account the fact that the hazard exists in underground uranium mine and field sampling are rather difficult,it is not conducive to do the laboratory test. In order to solve the above problems,based on the similarity theory,a kind of typical granite was taken as the prototypical model,and the quartz sand,uranium tailings,cement,fine iron powder and silicon powder as the raw materials,three cylindrical uranium-like rock samples with different material ratios were prepared,and the physical and mechanical parameters were then measured. In addition,these samples were sealed in different ways and the corresponding cumulative radon concentrations were measured by closed chamber method. The formula for calculating the diffusion performance of radon is deduced,and the radon diffusion length and diffusion coefficient of the prototype and the samples were calculated. The results showed that the mean similarity ratios of the particle density,compressive strength,tensile strength,cohesion and internal friction angle of the granite rock and quasi-uranium ore were respectively1. 09 ∶ 1,3. 93 ∶ 1,4. 28 ∶ 1,3. 47 ∶ 1 and 1. 00 ∶ 1,the diffusion coefficient of granite prototype was 0. 146 ×10~(-6) m~2·s~(-1),the diffusion coefficient of quasi-uranium ore was between 0. 114 × 10~(-6) m~2·s~(-1) and 0. 594 ×10~(-6) m~2·s~(-1),and the similarity ratio was between 0. 25∶ 1 and 1. 28∶ 1. Therefore,the third sample of similar materials to some extent can be used to simulate the granite-type uranium rock and can meet the needs of laboratory experiments.
Diffusion process is the main factor that leads to the migration and exhalation of radon in uranium ore. Taking into account the fact that the hazard exists in underground uranium mine and field sampling are rather difficult,it is not conducive to do the laboratory test. In order to solve the above problems,based on the similarity theory,a kind of typical granite was taken as the prototypical model,and the quartz sand,uranium tailings,cement,fine iron powder and silicon powder as the raw materials,three cylindrical uranium-like rock samples with different material ratios were prepared,and the physical and mechanical parameters were then measured. In addition,these samples were sealed in different ways and the corresponding cumulative radon concentrations were measured by closed chamber method. The formula for calculating the diffusion performance of radon is deduced,and the radon diffusion length and diffusion coefficient of the prototype and the samples were calculated. The results showed that the mean similarity ratios of the particle density,compressive strength,tensile strength,cohesion and internal friction angle of the granite rock and quasi-uranium ore were respectively1. 09 ∶ 1,3. 93 ∶ 1,4. 28 ∶ 1,3. 47 ∶ 1 and 1. 00 ∶ 1,the diffusion coefficient of granite prototype was 0. 146 ×10~(-6) m~2·s~(-1),the diffusion coefficient of quasi-uranium ore was between 0. 114 × 10~(-6) m~2·s~(-1) and 0. 594 ×10~(-6) m~2·s~(-1),and the similarity ratio was between 0. 25∶ 1 and 1. 28∶ 1. Therefore,the third sample of similar materials to some extent can be used to simulate the granite-type uranium rock and can meet the needs of laboratory experiments.
引文
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[20]张哲,朱民安,张永祥.地下工程与人居环境氡防护技术[M].北京:原子能出版社,2010.ZHANG Zhe,ZHU Minan,ZHANG Yongxiang.Radon protection technology in underground engineering and human settlement[M].Beijing:Atiomic Energy Press,2010.
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[24]Nikolic M,Simovic R.Radon exhalation rates of some granites used in Serbia[J].Nuclear Technology&Radiation Protection,2015,30(2):145-148.
[2]牛双建,党元恒,杨大方.深部软岩新型相似模拟材料的研制[J].实验力学,2015,3 0(03):388-394.NIU Shuangjian,DANG Yuanheng,YANG Dafang.Development of a new simulation material for deep soft rock[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2015,30(03):388-394.
[3]杨旭,苏定立,周斌,等.红层软岩模型试验相似材料的配比试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(08):2 231-2 237.YANG Xu,SU Dingli,ZHOU Bin,et al.Experimental study on similarity ratio of similar material for model test on redbed soft rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(08):2 231-2 237.
[4]姜开锋,范鹏贤,邢灏喆,等.锦屏大理岩相似材料制备及其力学性能分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,17(01):56-61.JIANG Kaifeng,FAN Pengxian,XING Haozhe,et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of resin-based equivalent material for Jingping marbles[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2016,17(01):56-61.
[5]申艳军,荣腾龙,杨更社,等.类砂岩相似材料配合比方案试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(04):75-79.SHEN Yanjun,RONG Tenglong,YANG Gengshe,et al.Experimental study on ratio of quasi-sandstone similar material[J].Advances in science and technology of water resources,2016,36(4):75-79.
[6]雷兴,张磊,郭秋菊.建材中氡扩散系数的理论实验研究[C]//第三次全国天然辐射照射与控制研讨会论文汇编.2010.LEI Xing,ZHANG Lei,GUO Qiuju.Theoretical and experimental research on Radon diffusion coefficient in building material[C]//The Third National Conference on Radiation and Control of Natural Radiation.2010.
[7]范楠彬.堆浸铀尾渣充填体氡析出控制的研究[D].衡阳:南华大学,2015.FAN Nanbin.Research on the control of the radon exhalation of heap leaching of uranium tailings filling body[D].Hengyang:University of South China,2015.
[8]叶勇军,赵娅利,丁德馨,等.堆浸铀矿堆氡析出规律的实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2015,49(01):187-192.YE Yongjun,ZHAO Yali,DING Dexing,et al.Experimental Study on Radon Exhalation Rule of Heap-leaching Uranium Ore Heap[J].Atiomic Energy Science and Technology,2015,49(01):187-192.
[9]SUN Kainan,GUO Qiuju,ZHUO Weihai.Feasibility for mapping radon exhalation rate from soil in China[J].Journal of Nuclear Science&Technology,2004,41(1):86-90.
[10]Kumar A,Chauhan R P,Joshi M,et al.Modeling of indoor radon concentration from radon exhalation rates of building materials and validation through measurements[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2014,127(2):50-55.
[11]Misdaq M A,Ktataa A,Bakhchi A.A New method for studying the transport of radon and thoron in various building materials using CR-39 and LR-115 solid state nuclear track detectors[J].Radiation Measurements,2000,32(1):35-42.
[12]Kumar A,Chauhan R P.Active and passive measurements of radon diffusion coefficient from building construction materials[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(1):251-257.
[13]Hassan N M,Ishikawa T,Hosoda M,et al.The effect of water content on the radon emanation coefficient for some building materials used in Japan[J].Radiation Measurements,2011,46(2):232-237.
[14]严俊.砂岩在单轴压力下氡析出量的实验探究[D].成都理工大学,2014.YAN Jun.An experimental study of sandstone radon in precipitates quantity under the axial pressure[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2014.
[15]徐立鹏,葛良全,罗耀耀,等.轴向应力对红砂岩氡气析出量影响的探究[J].核技术,2014,37(11):12-18.XU Lipeng,GE Liangquan,LUO Yaoyao,et al.A study of granite radon in the precipitation quantity under axial stress[J].Nuclear Techniques,2014,37(11):12-18.
[16]肖桃李,李新平,贾善坡.深部单裂隙岩体结构面效应的三轴试验研究与力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1 666-1 673.XIAO Taoli,LI Xinping,JIA Shanpo.Triaxial test research and mechanical analysis based on structure surface effect of deep rock mass with single fissure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1 666-1 673.
[17]雷兴,张磊,郭秋菊.密闭腔体法准确测量建材氡析出率比较研究[J].辐射防护,2011,31(01):13-16.LEI Xing,ZHANG Lei,GUO Qiuju.Comparison of closed chamber methods for accurate measurements of radon exhalation rates from building materials[J].Radiation Protection,2011,31(01):13-16.
[18]马若云,张磊,郭秋菊.基于RAD7测氡仪的220Rn气体准确测量研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(11):1 397-1 401.MA Ruoyun,ZHANG Lei,GUO Qiu-ju.Study on accurate measurement of220Rn activity concentration by using RAD7radon monitor[J].Atiomic Energy Science and Technology,2012,46(11):13 97-1 401.
[19]谢润楠.花岗石氡析出率及室内氡辐射风险评估研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2015.XIE Runnan.Study on evaluation of granite radon exhalation rate and indoor radon radiation risk[D].China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015.
[20]张哲,朱民安,张永祥.地下工程与人居环境氡防护技术[M].北京:原子能出版社,2010.ZHANG Zhe,ZHU Minan,ZHANG Yongxiang.Radon protection technology in underground engineering and human settlement[M].Beijing:Atiomic Energy Press,2010.
[21]CHEN J,Rahman N M,Atiya I A.Radon exhalation from building materials for decorative use[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2010,101(4):518-528.
[22]Kumar A,Chauhan R P.Back diffusion correction for radon exhalation rates of common building materials using active measurements[J].Materials and Structures,2015,48(4):919-928.
[23]Morelli D,Catalano R,Filincieri R,et al.Radon exhalation rate in south-east Sicily building materials[J].The European Physical Journal Special Topics,2015,224(4):605-610.
[24]Nikolic M,Simovic R.Radon exhalation rates of some granites used in Serbia[J].Nuclear Technology&Radiation Protection,2015,30(2):145-148.