水冷壁高温腐蚀倾向判断及H_2S近壁面许用浓度研究
|
摘要
为预防日益严重的锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀,在300 MW燃煤锅炉上研究了近壁面气氛分布规律,结合不同气氛下水冷壁材料12Cr1Mo V的高温腐蚀动力学试验数据,预测了不同温度、气氛、腐蚀层开裂周期下的高温腐蚀速率,从而提出不同运行时间下锅炉水冷壁腐蚀的倾向判断标准;建立了腐蚀速率与H_2S浓度、腐蚀时间和腐蚀层开裂周期的关系式,并以腐蚀膜开裂周期12 h和24 h为例,求得了近壁面气氛的许用浓度。研究结果表明,近壁面硫化氢(H_2S)浓度与一氧化碳(CO)浓度成正比,而与氧气(O_2)浓度成反比;高温腐蚀速率与时间符合抛物线关系,与温度符合阿雷尼乌斯定律;只要将近壁面气氛控制在对应的H_2S许用浓度范围以内,就可以预防严重高温腐蚀的发生。
To prevent the increasingly serious problems of high temperature corrosion of water walls in boilers, the research on the distribution of the near wall atmosphere is carried out in a 300 MW boiler. With the test data of high temperature corrosion kinetics of the water wall materials 12Cr1MoV, the corrosion rate under different temperature, atmosphere and cracking period of corrosion layer is forecasted such that the corrosion tendency standard of water walls in boilers at different running time is put forward. The relationship between the corrosion rate and the H_2S concentration, the corrosion time and the cracking period of the corrosion film is established, and the limiting concentration of atmosphere near walls is obtained with the cracking period of 24 h and 48 h as examples. The results show that the concentration of H_2S near walls is proportional to the concentration of CO, but inversely proportional with the concentration of O_2. The high temperature corrosion rate change with time follows the parabolic law, while the change with temperature complies with the Arrhenius law. and the change with H_2S concentration follows the exponential law. As long as the atmosphere near walls is controlled within the limiting concentration range, the serious high temperature corrosion could be prevented.
To prevent the increasingly serious problems of high temperature corrosion of water walls in boilers, the research on the distribution of the near wall atmosphere is carried out in a 300 MW boiler. With the test data of high temperature corrosion kinetics of the water wall materials 12Cr1MoV, the corrosion rate under different temperature, atmosphere and cracking period of corrosion layer is forecasted such that the corrosion tendency standard of water walls in boilers at different running time is put forward. The relationship between the corrosion rate and the H_2S concentration, the corrosion time and the cracking period of the corrosion film is established, and the limiting concentration of atmosphere near walls is obtained with the cracking period of 24 h and 48 h as examples. The results show that the concentration of H_2S near walls is proportional to the concentration of CO, but inversely proportional with the concentration of O_2. The high temperature corrosion rate change with time follows the parabolic law, while the change with temperature complies with the Arrhenius law. and the change with H_2S concentration follows the exponential law. As long as the atmosphere near walls is controlled within the limiting concentration range, the serious high temperature corrosion could be prevented.
引文
[1]中国环境科学研究院.火电厂大气污染物排放标准:GB13223-2011[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[2]环境保护部,国家发展和改革委员会,国家能源局.关于印发《全面实施燃煤电厂超低排放和节能改造工作方案》的通知[A].2015.
[3]刘庆威,果志明,陆叶,等.旋流锅炉低氮燃烧器改造后运行情况分析[J].中国电力,2017,50(8):63-67,112.LIU Qingwei,GUO Zhiming,LU Ye,et al.Research on operation of swirl-opposed firing boiler retrofitted for low NOx emission[J].Electric Power,2017,50(8):63-67,112.
[4]靳军.墙式切圆燃烧冲蚀磨损与高温腐蚀的耦合作用研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[5]赵虹,魏勇.燃煤锅炉水冷壁烟侧高温腐蚀的机理及影响因素[J].动力工程,2002,22(2):1700-1704.ZHAO Hong,WEI Yong.Discussion on the mechanisms and factors of the gas side high temperature corrosion in water wall tubes for coal fired boilers[J].Power Engineering,2002,22(2):1700-1704.
[6]李琰,鲁金涛,杨珍,等.燃煤锅炉烟气侧高温腐蚀研究进展[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2016,28(2):167-172.LI Yan,LU Jintao,YANG Zhen,et al.Review of high temperature corrosion of flue gas side for coal-fired boiler[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2016,28(2):167-172.
[7]丁力,陈曲进.锅炉高温腐蚀分析与技术措施[J].四川电力技术,2007,30(1):67-70.DING Li,CHEN Qujin.Analysis and technical measure of hightemperature corrosion in boiler[J].Sichuan Electric Power Technology,2007,30(1):67-70.
[8]郭鲁阳,许华波.1 025 t/h锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀分析及预防[J].华东电力,2004,32(4):46-48.GUO Luyang,XU Huabo.Analysis on high temperature corrosion of1 025 t/h boiler water wall and its prevention[J].East China Electric Power,2004,32(4):46-48.
[9]陈敏生,廖晓春.600 MW超临界锅炉防止高温腐蚀技术改造和运行调整[J].中国电力,2014,47(4):56-59,117.CHEN Minsheng,LIAO Xiaochun.The retrofit of high-temperature corrosion prevention and operation adjustment for 600-MWsupercritical boiler[J].Electric Power,2014,47(4):56-59,117.
[10]张基标.超超临界对冲燃烧锅炉高温腐蚀研究[J].浙江电力,2011,30(4):4-6.ZHANG Jibiao.Research on high-temperature corrosion of ultrasupercritical opposed firing boiler[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2011,30(4):4-6.
[11]贺桂林,张晓宇.600 MW锅炉低氮燃烧器改造炉膛高温腐蚀分析[J].中国电力,2017,50(10):110-115.HE Guilin,ZHANG Xiaoyu.Analysis on high temperature corrosion of a 600 MW boiler furnace after low NOx combustor retrofitting[J].Electric Power,2017,50(10):110-115.
[12]DUDZIAK T,HUSSAIN T,SIMMS N J,et al.Fireside corrosion degradation of ferritic alloys at 600℃in oxy-fired conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2014,79:184-191.
[13]LI L,DUAN Y,CAO Y,et al.Field corrosion tests for a low chromium steel carried out at superheater area of a utility boiler with three coals containing different chlorine contents[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2007,88(4):387-392.
[14]贾宏禄.锅炉低氮燃烧改造与高温腐蚀控制分析[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(6):68-73.JIA Honglu.Analysis of low NOx combustion system retrofit and high temperature corrosion control[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(6):68-73.
[15]张萍,鲁常春.配风对煤粉炉水冷壁高温腐蚀影响分析及措施[J].齐鲁石油化工,2014,42(3):240-243.ZHANG Ping,LU Changchun.Analysis and measures on influence of air distribution on high temperature corrosion of water cooled wall in coal power boiler[J].Qilu Petrochemical Technology,2014,42(3):240-243.
[16]翁善勇,凌柏林.锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀气氛监测装置:201210087830.3[P].2012-07-25.
[17]谭厚章,刘海玉,熊小鹤,等.一种在线监测锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的装置和方法:2008102365508[P].2009-06-03.
[18]赵虹,杨建国,冯国华,等.煤粉锅炉水冷壁烟气组分分布矩阵式检测装置及方法:2012100684558[P].2012-08-22.
[19]焦庆丰,姚斌,程刚.大型电站锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀程度判别方法:021398046[P].2004-06-23.
[20]赵虹,杨建国,冯国华.基于烟气成分的煤粉锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀倾向性分析方法:2012100684670[P].2012-07-18.
[21]周长海,马海涛,王来.外加应力下合金高温氧化膜的生长及其失效愈合研究现状[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2010,22(6):558-562.ZHOU Changhai,MA Haitao,WANG Lai.A review on oxide-scale growth,failure and its healing behavior during high temperature oxidation of alloys[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2010,22(6):558-562.
[22]黄军林.高温受热管蒸汽侧金属氧化膜失效问题研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.
[23]张莉娜,陈靓瑜.锆合金氧化膜中横向裂纹产生影响因素的研究综述[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(10):2091-2097.ZHANG Lina,CHEN Liangyu.Review on influencing factors of lateral cracks formation in oxide of zirconium alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(10):2091-2097.
[2]环境保护部,国家发展和改革委员会,国家能源局.关于印发《全面实施燃煤电厂超低排放和节能改造工作方案》的通知[A].2015.
[3]刘庆威,果志明,陆叶,等.旋流锅炉低氮燃烧器改造后运行情况分析[J].中国电力,2017,50(8):63-67,112.LIU Qingwei,GUO Zhiming,LU Ye,et al.Research on operation of swirl-opposed firing boiler retrofitted for low NOx emission[J].Electric Power,2017,50(8):63-67,112.
[4]靳军.墙式切圆燃烧冲蚀磨损与高温腐蚀的耦合作用研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[5]赵虹,魏勇.燃煤锅炉水冷壁烟侧高温腐蚀的机理及影响因素[J].动力工程,2002,22(2):1700-1704.ZHAO Hong,WEI Yong.Discussion on the mechanisms and factors of the gas side high temperature corrosion in water wall tubes for coal fired boilers[J].Power Engineering,2002,22(2):1700-1704.
[6]李琰,鲁金涛,杨珍,等.燃煤锅炉烟气侧高温腐蚀研究进展[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2016,28(2):167-172.LI Yan,LU Jintao,YANG Zhen,et al.Review of high temperature corrosion of flue gas side for coal-fired boiler[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2016,28(2):167-172.
[7]丁力,陈曲进.锅炉高温腐蚀分析与技术措施[J].四川电力技术,2007,30(1):67-70.DING Li,CHEN Qujin.Analysis and technical measure of hightemperature corrosion in boiler[J].Sichuan Electric Power Technology,2007,30(1):67-70.
[8]郭鲁阳,许华波.1 025 t/h锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀分析及预防[J].华东电力,2004,32(4):46-48.GUO Luyang,XU Huabo.Analysis on high temperature corrosion of1 025 t/h boiler water wall and its prevention[J].East China Electric Power,2004,32(4):46-48.
[9]陈敏生,廖晓春.600 MW超临界锅炉防止高温腐蚀技术改造和运行调整[J].中国电力,2014,47(4):56-59,117.CHEN Minsheng,LIAO Xiaochun.The retrofit of high-temperature corrosion prevention and operation adjustment for 600-MWsupercritical boiler[J].Electric Power,2014,47(4):56-59,117.
[10]张基标.超超临界对冲燃烧锅炉高温腐蚀研究[J].浙江电力,2011,30(4):4-6.ZHANG Jibiao.Research on high-temperature corrosion of ultrasupercritical opposed firing boiler[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2011,30(4):4-6.
[11]贺桂林,张晓宇.600 MW锅炉低氮燃烧器改造炉膛高温腐蚀分析[J].中国电力,2017,50(10):110-115.HE Guilin,ZHANG Xiaoyu.Analysis on high temperature corrosion of a 600 MW boiler furnace after low NOx combustor retrofitting[J].Electric Power,2017,50(10):110-115.
[12]DUDZIAK T,HUSSAIN T,SIMMS N J,et al.Fireside corrosion degradation of ferritic alloys at 600℃in oxy-fired conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2014,79:184-191.
[13]LI L,DUAN Y,CAO Y,et al.Field corrosion tests for a low chromium steel carried out at superheater area of a utility boiler with three coals containing different chlorine contents[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2007,88(4):387-392.
[14]贾宏禄.锅炉低氮燃烧改造与高温腐蚀控制分析[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(6):68-73.JIA Honglu.Analysis of low NOx combustion system retrofit and high temperature corrosion control[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(6):68-73.
[15]张萍,鲁常春.配风对煤粉炉水冷壁高温腐蚀影响分析及措施[J].齐鲁石油化工,2014,42(3):240-243.ZHANG Ping,LU Changchun.Analysis and measures on influence of air distribution on high temperature corrosion of water cooled wall in coal power boiler[J].Qilu Petrochemical Technology,2014,42(3):240-243.
[16]翁善勇,凌柏林.锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀气氛监测装置:201210087830.3[P].2012-07-25.
[17]谭厚章,刘海玉,熊小鹤,等.一种在线监测锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的装置和方法:2008102365508[P].2009-06-03.
[18]赵虹,杨建国,冯国华,等.煤粉锅炉水冷壁烟气组分分布矩阵式检测装置及方法:2012100684558[P].2012-08-22.
[19]焦庆丰,姚斌,程刚.大型电站锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀程度判别方法:021398046[P].2004-06-23.
[20]赵虹,杨建国,冯国华.基于烟气成分的煤粉锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀倾向性分析方法:2012100684670[P].2012-07-18.
[21]周长海,马海涛,王来.外加应力下合金高温氧化膜的生长及其失效愈合研究现状[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2010,22(6):558-562.ZHOU Changhai,MA Haitao,WANG Lai.A review on oxide-scale growth,failure and its healing behavior during high temperature oxidation of alloys[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2010,22(6):558-562.
[22]黄军林.高温受热管蒸汽侧金属氧化膜失效问题研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.
[23]张莉娜,陈靓瑜.锆合金氧化膜中横向裂纹产生影响因素的研究综述[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(10):2091-2097.ZHANG Lina,CHEN Liangyu.Review on influencing factors of lateral cracks formation in oxide of zirconium alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(10):2091-2097.