俄罗斯民族教育政策价值取向的时代转向
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摘要
民族教育政策的制定和执行影响着国家的稳定和社会的进步。俄罗斯民族教育政策是在民族政策引领下前行的,其教育政策价值取向在国家发展和民族安全体系中得以实现。在民族教育政策领域,以何种方式将俄罗斯各民族的精神结合体纳入到民族教育内容当中,并使其成为团结民族、实现多民族国家凝聚力的媒介已成为俄罗斯当前民族教育政策所追寻的价值取向。俄罗斯联邦政府成立后的民族教育政策经历了三次价值取向转变:一是以保护民族语言文化传统为目的决定民族教育内容;二是以民族地区为单位形成民族地区教育体系;三是以建立统一教育空间为手段实现维护国家最高利益的目标。本文以俄罗斯民族教育政策的转变为主线,探讨其原因和时代背景;以出台的法律法规为基础,阐述俄罗斯民族教育担负的历史使命。最后,结合俄罗斯民族教育政策的演变提出对我国民族教育发展的启示与思考。
The formulation and implementation of education policies for ethnic groups affect the stability of a country and the progress of society. Russian ethnic education policy is guided by its ethnic policy,and its education policy is realized in the national development and national security system. This paper first introduces,in the field of ethnic education policy,the ways to include the spiritual crystallization of various ethnic groups in Russia in the content of ethnic education,making it the value orientation pursued by Russian current ethnic education policy and the medium to unite all the ethnic forces and to realize the cohesion of the multi-ethnic country. Since the establishment of the Russian Federation,its ethnic education policy has undergone three changes in its value orientation: 1) formulating the content of ethnic education to protect ethnic language and cultural tradition; 2) developing regional education system in ethnic minority areas; and 3) establishing a unified educational space to achieve the goal of safeguarding the national highest interest. Secondly,this paper discusses the reasons and historical background of the transformation of Russian ethnic policy and ethnic education policy. Then based on the laws and regulations,this paper expounds the historical mission of Russian ethnic education. Finally,it puts forward the enlightenment and thinking to the current development of ethnic education in China on the basis of the changes of Russian ethnic education policies.
The formulation and implementation of education policies for ethnic groups affect the stability of a country and the progress of society. Russian ethnic education policy is guided by its ethnic policy,and its education policy is realized in the national development and national security system. This paper first introduces,in the field of ethnic education policy,the ways to include the spiritual crystallization of various ethnic groups in Russia in the content of ethnic education,making it the value orientation pursued by Russian current ethnic education policy and the medium to unite all the ethnic forces and to realize the cohesion of the multi-ethnic country. Since the establishment of the Russian Federation,its ethnic education policy has undergone three changes in its value orientation: 1) formulating the content of ethnic education to protect ethnic language and cultural tradition; 2) developing regional education system in ethnic minority areas; and 3) establishing a unified educational space to achieve the goal of safeguarding the national highest interest. Secondly,this paper discusses the reasons and historical background of the transformation of Russian ethnic policy and ethnic education policy. Then based on the laws and regulations,this paper expounds the historical mission of Russian ethnic education. Finally,it puts forward the enlightenment and thinking to the current development of ethnic education in China on the basis of the changes of Russian ethnic education policies.
引文
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[9]李迎迎.评析俄罗斯语言政策调整的新变化[J].民族教育研究,2016,(1):110-114.
[2]肖甦,王义高.俄罗斯转型时期重要教育法规文献汇编[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2009.
[3]ОИ Артеменко. Полиэтничность России: Государственная образовательная и языковая политика[J]. Вестник ОбразованияТематическое приложение №2,2008.
[4] 《О языках народов РСФСР》Закон РФ от 25 октября 1991г. N1807-I[EB/OL]. ( 1991 - 10 - 25) http: ∥ onstitution. garant. ru / act / right /10148970 / http: ∥constitution. garant. ru.
[5] Д. В. Городенко. Проблемы политики национального образования в России[J]. Журнал Образование и общество,№1 /4,2009.
[6] Концепция Национальной Образовательной Политики Российской Федерации Одобрена приказом Минобрнауки России от 03 августа 2006 г. N 201[EB / OL]. http: ∥ www. edu. ru / db-mon / mo / Data / d _06 / prm201 - 1.
[7] Белогуров А. Ю. Становление и развитие этнорегиональных образовательных систем в России на рубеже ХХ -XXI веков[M]. Москва: Б《Москва》,2003.
[8]陈联壁,赵常庆.俄罗斯的民族关系问题[M].北京:中国社会科学院东欧中亚研究所,1997.
[9]李迎迎.评析俄罗斯语言政策调整的新变化[J].民族教育研究,2016,(1):110-114.