甘肃省定西市居民传染病防治素养水平及其影响因素研究
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摘要
目的分析甘肃省定西市居民传染病防治素养水平现状及其影响因素,为传染病的预控提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,对两个城市社区和两个行政村4个调查现场共计1 000名15～69岁常住居民采用《公众传染病防治素养水平测试问卷》进行问卷调查。结果甘肃省定西市城乡居民传染病健康素养具备率为4. 0%;意识素养、知识素养、技能素养、行为素养、信息素养具备率分别为38. 3%、6. 4%、6. 1%、10. 6%和10. 9%。农村地区(1. 3%)、汉族(3. 6%)、不识字/识字很少(1. 6%)、农民(1%)、月收入低于1 000元(0. 9%)和身体自评状况不好者(1. 9%)传染病健康素养水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。多因素分析影响居民传染病健康素养水平的是民族、职业和自评身体状况,医务人员传染病防治素养高于其他人群(OR=6. 526,95%CI:1. 743～24. 442),汉族居民传染病知识素养具备率低于少数民族(OR=0. 085,95%CI=0. 017～0. 430),身体状况不好的居民要比身体状况好的居民更有可能具有传染病健康素养。结论甘肃省定西市居民传染病防治素养水平较低。以老年人、文化程度低、家庭收入低、汉族农民等人群为重点,进一步加大传染病防治知识的宣传力度,有效的预防和控制传染性疾病。
Objective To analyze the current status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and control and its influencing factors among residents in Dingxi City,Gansu Province,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select a total of 1,000 residents aged 15-69 years from 2 urban communities and 2 administrative villages in Dingxi City,Gansu Province,and then a questionnaire survey was conducted by using the Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire of Infectious Diseases for Chinese residents. Results The health literacy attainment rate of infectious diseases in the urban and rural residents in Dingxi City,Gansu Province was 4.0%. The attainment rates of awareness,knowledge,skills,behavior and information literacy were 38.3%,6.4%,6.1%,10.6% and 10.9%respectively. Rural areas( 1. 3%),the Hans( 3.6%),illiteracies/semiliterates( 1.6%),farmers( 1%),residents with monthly income less than 1,000 Yuan( 0.9%) and residents with poor self-rated health status( 1.9%) had poor health literacy concerning infectious diseases,with statistically significant differences( P<0.05). Multi-factorial analysis showed that the residents' status of health literacy regarding infectious diseases was affected by ethnic group,occupation and self-rated health status. Medical professionals' status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment was superior to other groups( OR = 6.526,95%CI: 1. 743-24.442). The attainment rate of knowledge literacy was lower in the Hans than in ethnic minorities( OR = 0. 085,95%CI: 0.017-0.430). Residents with poor health status were more likely to have health literacy concerning infectious diseases compared with those with good health status. Conclusions The status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment among the residents in Dingxi City,Gansu Province is poor. It is necessary to pay special attention to the elderly,residents with poor educational background or low family income,the Han farmers and other groups and further enhance the propaganda about infectious disease prevention and treatment knowledge so as to effectively prevent and control infectious diseases.
Objective To analyze the current status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and control and its influencing factors among residents in Dingxi City,Gansu Province,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select a total of 1,000 residents aged 15-69 years from 2 urban communities and 2 administrative villages in Dingxi City,Gansu Province,and then a questionnaire survey was conducted by using the Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire of Infectious Diseases for Chinese residents. Results The health literacy attainment rate of infectious diseases in the urban and rural residents in Dingxi City,Gansu Province was 4.0%. The attainment rates of awareness,knowledge,skills,behavior and information literacy were 38.3%,6.4%,6.1%,10.6% and 10.9%respectively. Rural areas( 1. 3%),the Hans( 3.6%),illiteracies/semiliterates( 1.6%),farmers( 1%),residents with monthly income less than 1,000 Yuan( 0.9%) and residents with poor self-rated health status( 1.9%) had poor health literacy concerning infectious diseases,with statistically significant differences( P<0.05). Multi-factorial analysis showed that the residents' status of health literacy regarding infectious diseases was affected by ethnic group,occupation and self-rated health status. Medical professionals' status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment was superior to other groups( OR = 6.526,95%CI: 1. 743-24.442). The attainment rate of knowledge literacy was lower in the Hans than in ethnic minorities( OR = 0. 085,95%CI: 0.017-0.430). Residents with poor health status were more likely to have health literacy concerning infectious diseases compared with those with good health status. Conclusions The status of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment among the residents in Dingxi City,Gansu Province is poor. It is necessary to pay special attention to the elderly,residents with poor educational background or low family income,the Han farmers and other groups and further enhance the propaganda about infectious disease prevention and treatment knowledge so as to effectively prevent and control infectious diseases.
引文
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[8]潘耀东,姚芳,杨晨,等.江苏省苏州市居民健康素养状况调查[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(4):288-290.
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[10]覃世龙. 2012年湖北省城乡居民传染病防治素养分布及影响因素[J].预防医学论坛,2015,21(5):377-380.
[11]李忠民.湖南省居民健康素养现状及影响因素研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.
[2]Paasche-Orlow MK,Wolf MS. The causal pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes[J]. Am J Health Behav,2007,31(S1):S19-S26.
[3]中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 2012年全国疾病预防控制暨爱国卫生工作会议召开[EB/OL].(2012-02-02)[2017-06-15]. http://www. gov. cn/gzdt/2012-01/20/content_2050271. htm.
[4]李方波,许玲,魏南方. 2008年我国居民传染病预防健康素养调查分析[J].中国健康教育,2012,28(3):209-210,218.
[5]康国荣,鲁培俊,钱国宏,等.甘肃省城乡居民传染病健康素养调查分析[J].中国健康教育,2016,32(8):686-688.
[6]吴双胜,杨鹏,李海月,等.北京市居民传染病健康素养水平及其影响因素分析[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2012,44(4):607-611.
[7]隋吉林,唐雅清,王瑞琴,等.北京市昌平区居民传染病健康素养现况研究[J].中国健康教育,2012,28(11):943-945.
[8]潘耀东,姚芳,杨晨,等.江苏省苏州市居民健康素养状况调查[J].中国健康教育,2011,27(4):288-290.
[9]汤捷,苏胜华,刘贵浩,等.广东省城乡居民健康素养状况及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2011,27(3):376-377.
[10]覃世龙. 2012年湖北省城乡居民传染病防治素养分布及影响因素[J].预防医学论坛,2015,21(5):377-380.
[11]李忠民.湖南省居民健康素养现状及影响因素研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.
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