园林废弃物覆盖垫的持水性能及抗压效果研究
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摘要
为探究园林废弃物制成的覆盖垫是否适用于覆盖城市裸露土壤,采取室内试验方法,对不同施胶量(胶黏剂添加质量分别占园林废弃物质量的20%,25%,30%,35%和40%)不同粒径(小粒径0～1 cm,大粒径1～3 cm)10种覆盖垫的抗压性能、透水性能和持水性能进行测试,以期选出合适施胶量合适粒径的覆盖垫。结果表明:随着施胶量的增加,不同覆盖垫的抗压性均显著增强,且泡水前优于泡水后。小粒径覆盖垫在施胶量不高于30%时透水能力相对较好,施胶量高于30%时的透水能力显著变差,渗透系数为1.09～9.35 cm/s。大粒径覆盖垫的透水能力基本不受施胶量的影响,透水性能良好,渗透系数整体为0.25～0.33 cm/s。覆盖垫的持水量与浸泡时间呈显著对数关系:Q=aln(t)+b,R~2>0.95;覆盖垫吸水速率与浸泡时间呈显著幂函数关系:V=kt~n,R~2>0.99。最大持水量(率)和有效拦蓄量(率)均随施胶量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,小粒径覆盖垫的有效拦蓄量为120.78～142.21 t/hm~2,有效含蓄率为93%～113%;大粒径覆盖垫的有效拦蓄量为71.71～83.35 t/hm~2,有效含蓄率为54%～65%。综上,该结果可为城市裸土覆盖提供理论依据和实践支持。
In order to explore whether cover mats are suitable for covering urban bare soil and the appropriate amount of glue and the particle size for the cover mats, the compressive resistance, water permeability, and water holding capacity of 10 different cover mats with different glue dosages(glue content accounts for 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% of the garden waste)and different particle sizes(small particle size 0～1 cm and large particle size 1～3 cm) were analyzed in laboratory experiments. The results showed that the compressive resistance of different cover mats significantly increases with the increment of the glue dosage, and the compressive resistance of cover mats before soaking was better than that after soaking. The cover mat with small particle size had relatively good water permeability when the amount of glue was lower than 30%, and the water permeability significantly decreased when the amount of glue was higher than 30%, and the permeability coefficient was between 1.09 and 9.35 cm/s. The water permeability of cover mats with large particle size was basically unaffected by the amount of glue applied. The water permeability was good, and the permeability coefficient was generally between 0.25 and 0.33 cm/s. The water holding capacity of the cover mats had a significant logarithmic relationship with the soaking time, Q=aln(t)+b, R~2>0.95. The water absorption rate of the cover mats showed a significant power function relationship with the soaking time, V=kt~n, R~2>0.99. The maximum water holding capacity(rate) and effective storage capacity(rate) both increased firstly and then decreased with the increment of glue dosage. The effective storage capacity of the small particle size cover mat was between 120.78～142.21 t/hm~2, and the effective storage rate was between 93% and 113%. The effective storage capacity of the large particle size cover mat was between 71.71～83.35 t/hm~2, and the effective storage rate was between 54% and 65%. In summary, the results can provide theoretical basis and practical support for urban bare soil coverage.
In order to explore whether cover mats are suitable for covering urban bare soil and the appropriate amount of glue and the particle size for the cover mats, the compressive resistance, water permeability, and water holding capacity of 10 different cover mats with different glue dosages(glue content accounts for 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% of the garden waste)and different particle sizes(small particle size 0～1 cm and large particle size 1～3 cm) were analyzed in laboratory experiments. The results showed that the compressive resistance of different cover mats significantly increases with the increment of the glue dosage, and the compressive resistance of cover mats before soaking was better than that after soaking. The cover mat with small particle size had relatively good water permeability when the amount of glue was lower than 30%, and the water permeability significantly decreased when the amount of glue was higher than 30%, and the permeability coefficient was between 1.09 and 9.35 cm/s. The water permeability of cover mats with large particle size was basically unaffected by the amount of glue applied. The water permeability was good, and the permeability coefficient was generally between 0.25 and 0.33 cm/s. The water holding capacity of the cover mats had a significant logarithmic relationship with the soaking time, Q=aln(t)+b, R~2>0.95. The water absorption rate of the cover mats showed a significant power function relationship with the soaking time, V=kt~n, R~2>0.99. The maximum water holding capacity(rate) and effective storage capacity(rate) both increased firstly and then decreased with the increment of glue dosage. The effective storage capacity of the small particle size cover mat was between 120.78～142.21 t/hm~2, and the effective storage rate was between 93% and 113%. The effective storage capacity of the large particle size cover mat was between 71.71～83.35 t/hm~2, and the effective storage rate was between 54% and 65%. In summary, the results can provide theoretical basis and practical support for urban bare soil coverage.
引文
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[25] 唐禾,陈永华,张建国,等.抚育间伐对麻栎次生林枯落物持水性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):104-115.
[26] 曲炳鹏,孙向阳,李素艳,等.园林废弃物生态覆盖垫的制备及其水分特性[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(10):1-9.
[27] 魏雅丽,贺玉晓,金杰,等.元谋干热河谷典型植被枯落物持水能力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(3):181-186.
[2] 王新民,王文娟,李杰,等.我国城市扬尘污染及其控制对策研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014(增刊2):588-592.
[3] 张晶,胡春玲,任庆.城市扬尘污染现状及防治对策[J].环境保护科学,2008,34(2):4-6.
[4] 卜鹏图.有机地表覆盖物在城市林业建设中的应用价值[J].科技创新与应用,2017(11):281.
[5] 王欣国.有机覆盖物及其在美国城市园林中的应用概况[J].广东园林,2015(2):77-79.
[6] 冯兆东,张鹏,蔚东升.园林废弃物的处理处置及资源化再利用[J].能源与节能,2014(5):110-111.
[7] Zhang L, Sun X Y, Tian Y, et al. Effects of brown sugar and calcium superphosphate on secondary fer-mentation of green waste[J].Bioresources Technology,2013,131(3):68-75.
[8] 周艳平,王星.园林有机覆盖物:以摩奇(Mulch)为例[J].园林,2013(12):38-41.
[9] 高伟.Uron降低脲醛树脂游离甲醛含量及胶合板甲醛释放量研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[10] 顾继友.胶黏剂与涂料[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012:48-49.
[11] 姚娟.固沙用热解油脲醛树脂合成工艺与性能研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[12] 贠炳辉,李素艳,曲炳鹏,等.不同覆盖材料对城市树穴土壤理化性质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):34-39.
[13] 于丹丹,贾黎明,贾忠奎,等.生态垫及保水剂对废弃砂石坑立地造林的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):99-104.
[14] 苏宏斌,郭晓荣,辛永清,等.兰州北山植被退化区生态垫造林技术试验研究[J].林业实用技术,2012(9):21-23.
[15] 杨志国,孙保平,丁国栋,等.应用生态垫治理流动沙地机理研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):50-53.
[16] 韩利平,刘倩云,虞宇翔,等.热解油脲醛树脂有机覆盖垫制备工艺研究[J].化工新型材料,2018,46(2):242-246.
[17] 张峰,赵阳,张丽,等.椰丝生态复合片材制备及应用性能研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(28):146-149.
[18] 韩路,王海珍,吕瑞恒,等.塔里木河上游不同森林类型枯落物的持水特性[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):96-101.
[19] 袁秀锦,王晓荣,潘磊,等.三峡库区不同类型马尾松林枯落物层持水特性比较[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):160-166.
[20] 陈茂,李新功,潘亚鸽,等.无机杨木刨花板制备及性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(4):939-946.
[21] 吴迪,辛学兵,裴顺祥,等.北京九龙山8种林分的枯落物及土壤水源涵养功能[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(3):78-86.
[22] 张建利,王加国,李苇洁,等.贵州百里杜鹃自然保护区杜鹃林枯落物储量及持水功能[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):167-173.
[23] 王安宁,蔺鑫,穆枫,等.冀北木兰围场沙荒坡地不同坡位黄柳沙障内枯落物的持水性能[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(1):98-107.
[24] 张峰,彭祚登,安永兴,等.北京西山主要造林树种林下枯落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):6-14.
[25] 唐禾,陈永华,张建国,等.抚育间伐对麻栎次生林枯落物持水性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):104-115.
[26] 曲炳鹏,孙向阳,李素艳,等.园林废弃物生态覆盖垫的制备及其水分特性[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(10):1-9.
[27] 魏雅丽,贺玉晓,金杰,等.元谋干热河谷典型植被枯落物持水能力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(3):181-186.