我国环境铅污染健康损害赔偿标准的研究
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摘要
为有效落实新环保法中的责任追溯,推动地方铅污染健康损害赔偿管理办法的出台。本文开展了铅中毒治疗成本的文献调研,现场调研。经过专家打分、权重分析,层次分析等方法明确了铅污染健康损害赔偿的经济性量化指标,分别由驱铅治疗、误工成本、治疗相关的交通成本、人员陪护费用等组成。本文对不同指标的确定度作了权重分析。并结合现有驱铅治疗成本,提出不同治疗方式产生的量化成本。研究显示1级指标和2级指标的确定性较大。因此,它们可作为必需补偿的指标范围;3级和4级指标的确定性较小,故具体赔偿时可采用本文推荐的方式或其他议价方式。本文推荐了不同类型人群的健康损害赔偿方式,研究将推动地方出台铅污染健康损害的赔偿管理办法。
In order to implement the duties-penalized in Environmental Law promulgated newly and promote the lead pollution damage management regulation for local government,the authors have carried out the history literature investigation and field investigation on treatment cost of lead poisoning. The comprehensive methods of expert-scoring,weight analysis and analytic hierarchy process are employed to reveal the economical quantitative indicators of health damage compensation,including leadremoving treatment,costs of working loss,transportation costs relating to treatment and personally escort costs. A weight analysis for the different indicators' certainty has been done,and the quantify costs for lead-removing treatment are provided based on the current cost. Results imply that there are more certainty for the primary index and the secondary index,so they are suggested to be the necessary compensation index. Meanwhile,the third index and the fourth index are confirmed for less certainty,so they are recommended to be the alternative index when considering compensation,or negotiated way might be taken into account. The paper recommends compensation way for different population,and the study will promote the health damage compensation management regulations for the local government.
In order to implement the duties-penalized in Environmental Law promulgated newly and promote the lead pollution damage management regulation for local government,the authors have carried out the history literature investigation and field investigation on treatment cost of lead poisoning. The comprehensive methods of expert-scoring,weight analysis and analytic hierarchy process are employed to reveal the economical quantitative indicators of health damage compensation,including leadremoving treatment,costs of working loss,transportation costs relating to treatment and personally escort costs. A weight analysis for the different indicators' certainty has been done,and the quantify costs for lead-removing treatment are provided based on the current cost. Results imply that there are more certainty for the primary index and the secondary index,so they are suggested to be the necessary compensation index. Meanwhile,the third index and the fourth index are confirmed for less certainty,so they are recommended to be the alternative index when considering compensation,or negotiated way might be taken into account. The paper recommends compensation way for different population,and the study will promote the health damage compensation management regulations for the local government.
引文
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[3]常向阳,付善明,陈南,等.铅稳定同位素示踪在铅污染研究中的应用[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11(3):86-90.
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[8]张红振,董璟琦,吴舜泽,等.铅污染损害评估研究[J].环境保护,2016,44(9):51-55.
[9]邱炜,陈莹,胡秀,等.云南某地区儿童及青少年铅中毒现状及影响因素分析[J].昆明医科大学学报,2016,37(11):18-22.
[10]陈解萍,杨虹英,徐慧芳,等.孕妇及其新生儿脐血铅含量分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2004,18(12):47.
[11]孟金萍,胡树慧,王艳蓉,等.儿童与成人铅中毒的差异[J].医学综述,2009,15(14):2087-2090.
[12]齐宝宁,王伟,邵超,等.成人铅中毒:妊娠引起的铅动员[J].国外医学医学地理分册,2008,29(4):181-183.
[13]MINA H,HOJANG K,MYUNGHO L,et al.Low blood levels of lead and mercury and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity in children:A report of the children's health and environment research(cheer)[J].Neurotoxicology,2009,30(1):31-36.
[14]AMAL A,MANAL M,ABD El-HAFEZ M,et al.Relation between anemia and blood levels of lead,copper,zinc and iron among children[J].BMC Res Notes,2010,3(1):1-9..
[15]RAJENDRA PARASAD P,MASAHIRO U,TAKEO F,et al.Association of cord blood levels of lead,arsenic,and zinc and home environment with children neurodevelopment at 36 months living in chitwan valley,nepal[J].PLOS ONE,2015,10(3):e0120992.
[16]高晓凤,刘士云.儿童铅中毒的危害及防治措施[J].中国疗养医学,2010,19(4):348-349.
[17]谭美珍,林岚,张春玲,等.健脾加味清毒方对儿童铅中毒的驱铅研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2006,14(3):289-290.
[18]王永义,黄昭维.职业性铅中毒及观察对象患者的医疗费用分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2006,19(3):182-182.
[19]陈梅榕,戴勤.两种慢性铅中毒治疗方案的成本-效果分析[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2012,18(3):82-83.
[20]夏安莉,张建余,王永义,等.慢性轻度铅中毒病人的直接经济损失分析[J].现代医药卫生,2007,23(2):306-307.
[2]郑举鹏,刘筱娴.铅中毒与儿童健康[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2003,14(5):257-261.
[3]常向阳,付善明,陈南,等.铅稳定同位素示踪在铅污染研究中的应用[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11(3):86-90.
[4]张安星.铅在环境中的化学行为及防治措施——以甘肃徽县铅中毒事件为例[J].贵州化工,2009,34(6):33-35.
[5]张修玉,许振成,黄生志,等.建立以人群健康为核心的国家污染防控体系——以“血铅事件”为例[J].新疆环境保护,2012,34(1):7-9.
[6]屈先声,熊子惠,罗荣兴,等.浏阳市某村铅污染事件的调查报告[J].实用预防医学,2008,15(1):157-159.
[7]李晓萍.从“血铅超标事件”看环保不作为的行政赔偿空间[J].广西政法管理干部学院学报,2015,30(1):9-13.
[8]张红振,董璟琦,吴舜泽,等.铅污染损害评估研究[J].环境保护,2016,44(9):51-55.
[9]邱炜,陈莹,胡秀,等.云南某地区儿童及青少年铅中毒现状及影响因素分析[J].昆明医科大学学报,2016,37(11):18-22.
[10]陈解萍,杨虹英,徐慧芳,等.孕妇及其新生儿脐血铅含量分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2004,18(12):47.
[11]孟金萍,胡树慧,王艳蓉,等.儿童与成人铅中毒的差异[J].医学综述,2009,15(14):2087-2090.
[12]齐宝宁,王伟,邵超,等.成人铅中毒:妊娠引起的铅动员[J].国外医学医学地理分册,2008,29(4):181-183.
[13]MINA H,HOJANG K,MYUNGHO L,et al.Low blood levels of lead and mercury and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity in children:A report of the children's health and environment research(cheer)[J].Neurotoxicology,2009,30(1):31-36.
[14]AMAL A,MANAL M,ABD El-HAFEZ M,et al.Relation between anemia and blood levels of lead,copper,zinc and iron among children[J].BMC Res Notes,2010,3(1):1-9..
[15]RAJENDRA PARASAD P,MASAHIRO U,TAKEO F,et al.Association of cord blood levels of lead,arsenic,and zinc and home environment with children neurodevelopment at 36 months living in chitwan valley,nepal[J].PLOS ONE,2015,10(3):e0120992.
[16]高晓凤,刘士云.儿童铅中毒的危害及防治措施[J].中国疗养医学,2010,19(4):348-349.
[17]谭美珍,林岚,张春玲,等.健脾加味清毒方对儿童铅中毒的驱铅研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2006,14(3):289-290.
[18]王永义,黄昭维.职业性铅中毒及观察对象患者的医疗费用分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2006,19(3):182-182.
[19]陈梅榕,戴勤.两种慢性铅中毒治疗方案的成本-效果分析[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2012,18(3):82-83.
[20]夏安莉,张建余,王永义,等.慢性轻度铅中毒病人的直接经济损失分析[J].现代医药卫生,2007,23(2):306-307.
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