兰州市城区居民冬季饮水量的调查研究
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摘要
目的了解兰州市城区居民冬季饮水量,为兰州市城区居民饮用水健康风险评价提供基础数据。方法 2017年12月采用整群随机抽样的方法,从兰州市4个城区随机选取≥18岁居民618名,通过问卷调查和标准量具相结合的方法进行饮水量调查。饮水量分层分析采用Wilcoxon秩和检验和Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。结果兰州市城区居民冬季的总饮水量2 142.4 ml/d、直接饮水量1 650.0 ml/d、间接饮水量387.0 ml/d。男性总饮水量、直接饮水量均高于女性(Z=-5.138、-4.898,P=0.000、0.000);45～岁、18～岁、≥65岁人群的总饮水量、直接饮水量和间接饮水量差异有统计学意义(χ~2=25.219、21.219、10.959,P=0.000、0.000、0.004);体力劳动者间接饮水量高于非体力劳动者(Z=-3.586,P=0.000);不同BMI者的总饮水量和直接饮水量的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.342、14.786,P=0.001、0.002)。结论性别、年龄、劳动情况和BMI均对兰州市城区居民冬季饮水量有一定影响,在兰州市城区饮水健康风险评价中应综合考虑多因素条件下的饮水量。
Objective To understand the daily water intake of urban residents in Lanzhou in winter, and to provide basic data for health risk assessment related to water intake in Lanzhou. Methods In December 2017, a total of 618 residents aged 18 years or older were randomly selected using multiple-stage stratified cluster sampling method from four urban areas in Lanzhou.The amount of daily drinking water intake was obtained by quantitative measurement and questionnaire survey.Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used for stratified analysis of drinking water intake. Results The average water intake was 2 142.4 ml/d, 1 650.0 ml/d from direct water intake and 387.0 ml/d from indirect water intake.The total water intake and direct water intake of male residents were higher than that of the females(Z=-5.138,-4.898,P=0.000, 0.000).There were statistically significant differences in the median total water intake, direct drinking water intake and indirect water intake among residents in different age groups(χ~2=25.219, 21.219, 10.959, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.004).The median indirect water intake of blue-collar workers was higher than white-collar ones(Z=-3.586, P=0.000).The daily total and direct water intake varied significantly among residents with different BMI(χ~2=16.342, 14.786, P=0.001, 0.002). Conclusions Gender, age, labor status and BMI may influence the daily water intake of urban residents in Lanzhou in winter, and these factors should be taken into account in health risk assessment.
Objective To understand the daily water intake of urban residents in Lanzhou in winter, and to provide basic data for health risk assessment related to water intake in Lanzhou. Methods In December 2017, a total of 618 residents aged 18 years or older were randomly selected using multiple-stage stratified cluster sampling method from four urban areas in Lanzhou.The amount of daily drinking water intake was obtained by quantitative measurement and questionnaire survey.Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used for stratified analysis of drinking water intake. Results The average water intake was 2 142.4 ml/d, 1 650.0 ml/d from direct water intake and 387.0 ml/d from indirect water intake.The total water intake and direct water intake of male residents were higher than that of the females(Z=-5.138,-4.898,P=0.000, 0.000).There were statistically significant differences in the median total water intake, direct drinking water intake and indirect water intake among residents in different age groups(χ~2=25.219, 21.219, 10.959, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.004).The median indirect water intake of blue-collar workers was higher than white-collar ones(Z=-3.586, P=0.000).The daily total and direct water intake varied significantly among residents with different BMI(χ~2=16.342, 14.786, P=0.001, 0.002). Conclusions Gender, age, labor status and BMI may influence the daily water intake of urban residents in Lanzhou in winter, and these factors should be taken into account in health risk assessment.
引文
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[2] 姜登岭,王少鹏,王清.国内外饮用水暴露参数差异及其对剂量的影响[J].水科学与工程技术,2014,38(6):1-3.
[3] 郑婵娟,赵秀阁,黄楠,等.我国成人饮水摄入量研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2014,31(11):967-970.
[4] 段小丽,王宗爽,王贝贝,等.我国北方某地区居民饮水暴露参数研究[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(9):1216-1220.
[5] 郑婵娟,段小丽,王宗爽,等.泌阳地区居民冬季饮水暴露参数研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(3):226-229.
[6] 黄楠,郑婵娟,段小丽,等.饮水暴露健康风险评估中的水摄入率[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(2):109-114.
[7] 张剑,赵富旺,龚为进.水质健康风险评价的暴露参数研究[J].节水灌溉,2015,29(6):43-46.
[8] 邓玉,倪福全,向璐,等.四川盆地西缘农村居民饮用水健康风险暴露参数的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):244-250.
[9] 向明灯,于云江,李琴,等.太湖饮用水源地附近居民暴露参数[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(1):179-185.
[10] Yoo JI,Choi H,Song SY,et al.Relationship between water intake and skeletal muscle mass in elderly Koreans:A nationwide population-based study [J].Nutrition,2018,53:38-42.
[11] Kant AK,Graubard BI,Atchison EA.Intakes of plain water,moisture in foods and beverages,and total water in the adults US population-nutritional,meal pattern,and body weight correlates:National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2006 [J].Am J Clin Nutr,2009,90(3):655-663.