中国城市网络的空间组织特征研究——基于开发区联系的视角
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摘要
城市网络研究是全球化和信息化背景下城市研究领域的前沿热点。基于开发区数据,借助引力模型构建了中国城市关联网络,并采用社会网络分析方法对网络发育特征进行了研究。研究显示:①城市网络中心度呈现为少数城市占主导的金字塔结构,网络覆盖城市具有沿海、沿江和地方中心三个指向。高新区城市关联网络由珠三角和长三角城市群内的城市共同主导,经开区城市关联网络由长三角地区城市主导。②城市网络从城市群内部开始向其他区域扩展,并从团簇结构逐步向鸟巢结构转变。高新区和经开区城市关联网络在哈尔滨-成都-深圳(广州)-福州-上海围合成的网络密集区内分别呈现北密南疏和东密西疏的非对称格局。③基于国家级开发区所形成的两类城市网络均表现出极弱的多中心特征。随着时间的推移两类网络的多中心趋势均在增强。④板块经济的运行以及城市群战略的实施对城市网络联系具有积极的影响。基于国家级开发区数据,测度了城市间的关联网络,结果反映了开发区政策对于中国城市网络体系重构的重要作用,不仅对于理解中国城市关联网络的演化具有重要意义,而且为城市网络研究提供了新的数据源。
Urban network research has been an important frontier in urban research area with globalization and informatization. This paper constructed the inter-city linkages at prefecture level in China based on national-level development zones data and gravity model. Social network analysis methods were employed to analyze the urban network characteristics. The results indicate that:(1) The centrality of cities featured by a pyramid structure dominated a small number of cities including political center cities, coastal cities and resource-based cities.Both YRD and PRD cities occupied an important and outstanding position in HTIDZ-based urban network. YRD cities occupied an important and outstanding position in ETDZ-based urban network.(2) Urban network rooted in urban agglomeration and expanded from east to middle, west and northeast of China. The urban network structure transfered from clusters structure to nest structure. Both HTIDZ-and ETDZ-based urban networks present an asymmetric density pattern in the enclosure area surrounded by Harbin-Chengdu-Shenzhen(Guangzhou)-Fuzhou-Shanghai. The density of the north part was higher than that of the south part of the enclosure area of HTIDZ-based urban network. The density of the east part was higher than that of the west part of the enclosure area of ETDZ-based urban network.(3)Obvious concentration characteristics were concluded by the low polycentric index and the multi-center trend is increasing over time.(4) Both urban agglomeration strategy and domain economy have positive effects on urban network connection according to the regional clique analysis. The research results indicate that industry zones policy played and will play an important role in urban network reconfiguration, which provides a new data source and a unique perspective for understanding the urban network evolution of China.
Urban network research has been an important frontier in urban research area with globalization and informatization. This paper constructed the inter-city linkages at prefecture level in China based on national-level development zones data and gravity model. Social network analysis methods were employed to analyze the urban network characteristics. The results indicate that:(1) The centrality of cities featured by a pyramid structure dominated a small number of cities including political center cities, coastal cities and resource-based cities.Both YRD and PRD cities occupied an important and outstanding position in HTIDZ-based urban network. YRD cities occupied an important and outstanding position in ETDZ-based urban network.(2) Urban network rooted in urban agglomeration and expanded from east to middle, west and northeast of China. The urban network structure transfered from clusters structure to nest structure. Both HTIDZ-and ETDZ-based urban networks present an asymmetric density pattern in the enclosure area surrounded by Harbin-Chengdu-Shenzhen(Guangzhou)-Fuzhou-Shanghai. The density of the north part was higher than that of the south part of the enclosure area of HTIDZ-based urban network. The density of the east part was higher than that of the west part of the enclosure area of ETDZ-based urban network.(3)Obvious concentration characteristics were concluded by the low polycentric index and the multi-center trend is increasing over time.(4) Both urban agglomeration strategy and domain economy have positive effects on urban network connection according to the regional clique analysis. The research results indicate that industry zones policy played and will play an important role in urban network reconfiguration, which provides a new data source and a unique perspective for understanding the urban network evolution of China.
引文
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(1)制度邻近性是指主体在类似制度环境下,共享相似的习惯、惯例、既定做法、规则和法律;制度邻近性意味着共享类似的行为规则和价值观,能够增进信任水平和降低交易成本,有利于提升主体间合作的可能性。
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[3]Hall P.The World Cities.London:Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1966.
[4]Friedmann J,Wolff G.World city formation:An agenda for research and action.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1982,6(3):309-344.
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[6]Meijers E,Romein A.Realizing potential:Building regional organizing capacity in polycentric urban regions.European Urban and Regional Studies,2003,10(2):173-186.
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[12]武前波,宁越敏.中国城市空间网络分析:基于电子信息企业生产网络视角.地理研究,2012,31(2):207-219.[Wu Qianbo,Ning Yuemin.China's urban network based on spatial organization of electronic information enterprises.Geographical Re-search,2012,31(2):207-219.]
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[16]汪明峰,宁越敏.互联网与中国信息网络城市的崛起.地理学报,2010,59(3):446-454.[Wang Mingfeng,Ning Yuemin.The Internet and the rise of information network cities in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,59(3):446-454.]
[17]甄峰,王波,陈映雪.基于网络社会空间的中国城市网络特征:以新浪微博为例.地理学报,2012,67(8):1031-1043.[Zhen Geng,Wang Bo,Chen Yingxue.Spatial structure of the Yangtze River Delta urban network based on the pattern of listed companies network.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(8):1031-1043.]
[18]叶磊,段学军,欧向军.基于交通信息流的江苏省流空间网络结构研究.地理科学,2015,35(10):1-8.[Ye Lei,Duan Xuejun,Ou Xiangjun.The urban network structure of Jiangsu province based on the traffic and information flow.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(10):1-8.]
[19]柯文前,陆玉麒,朱宇,等.交通流网络的时空特征解析:基于张量分解方法视角.地理科学,2016,36(11):1679-1687.[Ke Wenqian,Lu Yuqi,Zhu Yu,et al.Traffic flow network spatio-temporal characteristics analysis:Basis on the tensor decomposition method perspective.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(11):1679-1687.]
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[21]孟德友,冯兴华,文玉钊.铁路客运视角下东北地区城市网络结构演变及组织模式探讨.地理研究.2017,36(7):1339-1352.[Meng Deyou,Feng Xinghua,Wen Yuzhao.Urban network structure evolution and organizational pattern in Northeast China from the perspective of railway passenger transport.Geographical Research,2017,36(7):1339-1352.]
[22]Wang Jiao'e,Mo Huihui,Wang Fahui.Evolution of air transport network of China 1930-2012.Journal of Transport Geography,2014,40:145-158.
[23]金凤君,王成金.轴-辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模式构筑.地理研究,2005,24(5):774-784.[Jin Fengjun,Wang Chengjin.Hub-and-spoke system and China aviation network organization.Geographical Research,2005,24(5):774-784.]
[24]魏冶,修春亮,刘志敏,等.春运人口流动透视的转型期中国城市网络结构.地理科学,2016,36(11):1654-1660.[Wei Ye,Xiu Chunliang,Liu Zhimin,et al.Spatial pattern of city network in transitional China based on the population flows in"Chunyun"period.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(11):1654-1660.]
[25]陈伟,修春亮,柯文前.多元交通流视角下的中国城市网络层级特征.地理研究,2015,34(11):2073-2083.[Chen Wei,Xiu Chunliang,Ke Wenqian.Hierarchical structures of China's city network from the perspective of multiple traffic flows.Geographical Research,2015,34(11):2073-2083.]
[26]Taylor P.Specification of the world city network.Geographical Analysis,2001,33:181-194.
[27]Alderson A S,Beckfield J.Power and position in the world city system.American Journal of Sociology,2004.109(4):811-851.
[28]Smith D A,Timberlake M.World city networks and hierarchies,1977-1997:An empirical analysis of global air travel links.American Behavioral Scientist,2001,44(10):1656-1678.
[29]Derudder B,Witlox F.An appraisal of the use of airline data in assessments of the world city network.Urban Studies,2005,42(13):2371-2388.
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(1)制度邻近性是指主体在类似制度环境下,共享相似的习惯、惯例、既定做法、规则和法律;制度邻近性意味着共享类似的行为规则和价值观,能够增进信任水平和降低交易成本,有利于提升主体间合作的可能性。