重庆烟区植烟土壤理化性状对烤烟苯丙氨酸类代谢产物的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨土壤理化性状与烤烟苯丙氨酸类代谢产物的关系,为调控烤烟中性致香物质含量,进而改善烟草香味及提高烤烟品质提供理论依据。【方法】采集重庆烟区土壤和烤烟样品各356份,测定土壤理化性状和烤烟苯丙氨酸类代谢产物含量,运用因子分析法对土壤理化性状指标进行代表因子提取,将因子分析提取出的土壤理化指标分别与苯甲醛、苯甲醇、苯乙醛和苯乙醇4种苯丙氨酸类代谢产物进行通径分析。【结果】在土壤理化性状指标中,土壤p H对烤烟苯丙氨酸类降解产物含量负向影响最明显,相关系数分别为-0.620、-0.532、-0.397和-0.668;土壤镁含量对烤烟苯丙氨酸类降解产物含量负向影响次之,相关系数分别为-0.422、-0.502、-0.411和-0.593;土壤锌含量对苯甲醇、苯乙醇含量正向直接效应较大,其直接通径系数分别为0.183和0.140;土壤全氮含量对苯乙醛含量的直接通径系数为-0.204,相关系数为-0.151,对苯乙醛含量影响明显;土壤速效磷、铁、锰含量对苯丙氨酸类致香物质含量的间接影响较直接影响明显。【结论】土壤理化性状指标及各指标间的相关性均密切影响烤烟苯丙氨酸类代谢产物含量,调控土壤pH对烤烟苯丙氨酸类降解产物含量的影响最明显,调控土壤镁、速效磷及铁含量对苯丙氨酸类代谢产物含量的影响次之;苯甲醇含量受土壤因素影响最明显。
【Objective】This study explored the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and phenylalanine metabolites in flue-cured tobacco,in order to provide theoretical basis for regulating the content of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco and improving tobacco aroma and flue-cured tobacco quality.【Method】In this study,356 soil samples and 356 flue-cured tobacco samples from Chongqing tobacco areas were collected to measure soil physical and chemical properties and the content of phenylalanine metabolites in flue-cured tobacco. The factor analysis methodwas used to extract representative factors of soil physical and chemical properties. The soil physical and chemical indicators extracted by factor analysis were conducted path analysis with four kinds of phenylalanine metabolites including benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol,phenylacetaldehyde and phenylethyl alcohol.【Result】Among the soil physical and chemical indicators,the pH of soil had the most obvious negative influence on the content of phenylalanine degradation products in fluecured tobacco and the correlation coefficients were-0.620,-0.532,-0.397 and-0.668 respectively. The magnesium(Mg)content of soil had the second negative effects on the content of phenylalanine degradation products in flue-cured tobacco and the correlation coefficients were-0.422,-0.502,-0.411 and-0.593 respectively. The zinc(Zn)content of soil had positive direct influence on the content of benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol. The direct path coefficients were 0.183 and0.140 respectively. The direct path coefficient of total nitrogen content of soil to phenylacetaldehyde was-0.204,and the correlation coefficient was-0.151,which indicated that total nitrogen content of soil had great influence on the content of phenylacetaldehyde. The indirect effects of soil available phosphorus,iron(Fe)and manganese(Mn)contents on the content of phenylalanine aroma compounds were greater than direct effects.【Conclusion】The indicators of soil physical and chemical properties and the correlations among the indicators all closely affect the content of phenylalanine metabolites in flue-cured tobacco. The regulation of soil pH has the greatest influence on the content of phenylalanine degradation products in flue-cured tobacco. The effects of regulating Mg of soil,available phosphorus and the content of Fe on the content of phenylalanine metabolites are the second obvious. The content of benzyl alcohol is the most affected by soil factors.
【Objective】This study explored the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and phenylalanine metabolites in flue-cured tobacco,in order to provide theoretical basis for regulating the content of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco and improving tobacco aroma and flue-cured tobacco quality.【Method】In this study,356 soil samples and 356 flue-cured tobacco samples from Chongqing tobacco areas were collected to measure soil physical and chemical properties and the content of phenylalanine metabolites in flue-cured tobacco. The factor analysis methodwas used to extract representative factors of soil physical and chemical properties. The soil physical and chemical indicators extracted by factor analysis were conducted path analysis with four kinds of phenylalanine metabolites including benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol,phenylacetaldehyde and phenylethyl alcohol.【Result】Among the soil physical and chemical indicators,the pH of soil had the most obvious negative influence on the content of phenylalanine degradation products in fluecured tobacco and the correlation coefficients were-0.620,-0.532,-0.397 and-0.668 respectively. The magnesium(Mg)content of soil had the second negative effects on the content of phenylalanine degradation products in flue-cured tobacco and the correlation coefficients were-0.422,-0.502,-0.411 and-0.593 respectively. The zinc(Zn)content of soil had positive direct influence on the content of benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol. The direct path coefficients were 0.183 and0.140 respectively. The direct path coefficient of total nitrogen content of soil to phenylacetaldehyde was-0.204,and the correlation coefficient was-0.151,which indicated that total nitrogen content of soil had great influence on the content of phenylacetaldehyde. The indirect effects of soil available phosphorus,iron(Fe)and manganese(Mn)contents on the content of phenylalanine aroma compounds were greater than direct effects.【Conclusion】The indicators of soil physical and chemical properties and the correlations among the indicators all closely affect the content of phenylalanine metabolites in flue-cured tobacco. The regulation of soil pH has the greatest influence on the content of phenylalanine degradation products in flue-cured tobacco. The effects of regulating Mg of soil,available phosphorus and the content of Fe on the content of phenylalanine metabolites are the second obvious. The content of benzyl alcohol is the most affected by soil factors.
引文
陈若星.2012.不同类型土壤养分及生物学特性对烤烟品质的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学.[Chen R X.2012.E-ffects of the nutrient and biology of different soil types on the quality of flue-cured tobacco[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University.]
程恒,罗华元,杜文杰,王绍坤,常寿荣,董石飞,饶智,张峻松.2013.云南不同生态因子对烤烟品种K326致香成分的影响[J].中国烟草科学,(3):70-73.[Cheng H,Luo H Y,Du W J,Wang S K,Chang S R,Dong S F,Rao Z,Zhang J S.2013.Effects of different ecological factors on aroma component contents in flue-cured tobacco K326 in Yunnan[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,(3):70-73.]
邓小华,谢鹏飞,彭新辉,易建华,周冀衡,周清明,蒲文宣,代远刚.2010.土壤和气候及其互作对湖南烤烟部分中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,21(8):2063-2071.[Deng X H,Xie P F,Peng X H,Yi J H,Zhou J H,Zhou Q M,Pu W X,Dai Y G.2010.Effect of soil climate and their interaction on some neutral volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves from high quality tobacco planting regions of Hunan Province[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,21(8):2063-2071.]
符云鹏,王小翠,陈雪,李亚飞,代昌明,喻奇伟,肖庆礼.2013.毕节烟区土壤pH值分布状况及与土壤养分的关系[J].土壤,45(1):46-51.[Fu Y P,Wang X C,Chen X,Li Y F,Dai C M,Yu Q W,Xiao Q L.2013.Distribution of soil pH and its relationships with soil nutrients in Bijie tobacco-growing area[J].Soils,45(1):46-51.]
郭彦荣,陈芳清,郄光武,曾旭.2009.铺地榕对不同土壤磷营养水平的生理生态学响应[J].生态环境学报,18(5):1908-1913.[Guo Y R,Chen F Q,Qie G W,Zeng X.2009.Ecophysiological response of Ficustikoua to different soil phosphorous content[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,18(5):1908-1913.]
郭玉春.2005.不同基因型水稻对低磷胁迫的响应及其分子机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学.[Guo Y C.2005.Study on the response of different genotypic rice(Oryzasatava L.)to low phosphate stress and its molecular mechanism[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.]
何坤,袁玉波.2014.土壤酸度调节对烤烟生长和烟叶品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,(7):38-40.[He K,Yuan Y B.2014.Effects of soil acidity adjustment on growth of tobacco plants and quality of tobacco leaves[J].Hunan A-gricultural Sciences,(7):38-40.]
黄成江,张晓海,李天福,王树会,李强.2007.植烟土壤理化性状的适宜性研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,9(1):42-46.[Huang C J,Zhang X H,Li T F,Wang S H,Li Q.2007.Advance on adaptability of soil physical and chemical properties in tobacco[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,9(1):42-46.]
江厚龙,陈中玉,许安定,陈代明,沈铮,杨超,丁伟.2014.摘除下部不适用烟叶对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,(4):16-21.[Jiang H L,Chen Z Y,Xu AD,Chen D M,Shen Z,Yang C,Ding W.2014.Effects of removing unusable fresh leaves in field on neutral aroma component content in flue-cured tobacco[J].China Tobacco Science,(4):16-21.]
景延秋,袁秀秀,王卫峰,刘英杰,鲁平,刘怀奇,张月华,徐敏.2015.糖与铜互作对烤烟烟叶中性致香物质的影响[J].江西农业学报,27(11):23-26.[Jing Y Q,Yuan XX,Wang W F,Liu Y J,Lu P,Liu H Q,Zhang Y H,Xu M.2015.Effect of interaction of sugar and copper on neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,27(11):23-26.]
黎妍妍,王林,孙光伟,李锡宏,彭五星,王昌军.2017.清江流域烟区烟草青枯病流行时间动态及气象因素分析[J].中国烟草学报,23(4):77-83.[Li Y Y,Wang L,Sun GW,Li X H,Peng W X,Wang C J.2017.Jemporal epidemic dynamics and climatic factors of transmission of tobacco bacterial wilt in Qingjiang River basin[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,23(4):77-83.]
刘国顺.2003.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Liu G S.2003.Tobacco Cultivation[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
刘培玉,王新发,汪健,闫启峰,石刚,杨铁钊.2010.不同生态地区烤烟主要致香物质含量的变化[J].浙江农业学报,22(2):239-243.[Liu P Y,Wang X F,Wang J,Yan Q F,Shi G,Yang T Z.2010.Changes of aroma constituents of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes in different ecoregions[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,22(2):239-243.]
陆景陵.2005.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社.[Lu J L.2005.Plant Nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press.]
王刚,郑苍松,李鹏程,刘敬然,刘爱忠,孙淼,赵新华,余学科,董合林.2016.土壤有效磷含量对棉花幼苗干物质积累和碳氮代谢的影响[J].棉花学报,28(6):609-618.[Wang G,Zheng C S,Li P C,Liu J R,Liu A Z,Sun M,Zhao X H,Yu X K,Dong H L.2016.Effects of soil olsenP levels on the dry matter accumulation and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cotton plant at seedling stage[J].Cotton Science,28(6):609-618.]
王瑞新.2003.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Wang R X.2003.Tobacco Chemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
许自成,王林,肖汉乾.2008.湖南烟区土壤pH分布特点及其与土壤养分的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,16(4):830-834.[Xu Z C,Wang L,Xiao H Q.2008.pH distribution and relationship to soil nutrient in Hunan tobacco lands[J].Chinese Journal of Ecological Agriculture,16(4):830-834.]
杨红旗.2006.中国烤烟主要香气前体物的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学.[Yang H Q.2006.Study on the chiefly fragrant precursor of the flue-cured tobacco in China[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University.]
张甘霖,龚子同.2012.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社.[Zhang G L,Gong Z T.2012.Analytical Method of Soil Investigation Laboratory[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
张广富,赵铭钦,拓阳阳,韩富根,张迪.2011.种植密度和施钾量对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].西北农业学报,20(2):104-109.[Zhang G F,Zhao M Q,Tuo Y Y,Han F G,Zhang D.2011.Effects of plant population and K application level on the contents of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,20(2):104-109.]
张小全,张鋆鋆,刘冰洋,王一凡,武兆云,彭玉富,李富欣,杨铁钊.2016.不同气象条件对高香气烤烟品种中性香气成分含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,(4):460-467.[Zhang X Q,Zhang Y Y,Liu B Y,Wang Y F,Wu Z Y,Peng Y F,Li F X,Yang T Z.2016.Effect of meteorological conditions on contents of neutral aroma components in high aroma flue-cured tobacco variety[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,(4):460-467.]
赵铭钦,王莹,李元实,孙国伟,韩富根.2008.有机物质对烤烟中性香气物质成分及评吸质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,29(5):6-10.[Zhao M Q,Wang Y,Li Y S,Sun GW,Han F G.2008.Effects of adding different organis substances on the contents of aroma components and sensory evaluation quality in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,29(5):6-10.]
周淑平,肖强,陈叶君,轩俊锋,唐远驹.2004.不同生态地区初烤烟叶中重要致香物质的分析[J].中国烟草学报,10(1):9-16.[Zhou S P,Xiao Q,Chen Y J,Xuan J F,Tang Y J.2004.Analysis of important aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves from different ecological regions[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,10(1):9-16.]
程恒,罗华元,杜文杰,王绍坤,常寿荣,董石飞,饶智,张峻松.2013.云南不同生态因子对烤烟品种K326致香成分的影响[J].中国烟草科学,(3):70-73.[Cheng H,Luo H Y,Du W J,Wang S K,Chang S R,Dong S F,Rao Z,Zhang J S.2013.Effects of different ecological factors on aroma component contents in flue-cured tobacco K326 in Yunnan[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,(3):70-73.]
邓小华,谢鹏飞,彭新辉,易建华,周冀衡,周清明,蒲文宣,代远刚.2010.土壤和气候及其互作对湖南烤烟部分中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,21(8):2063-2071.[Deng X H,Xie P F,Peng X H,Yi J H,Zhou J H,Zhou Q M,Pu W X,Dai Y G.2010.Effect of soil climate and their interaction on some neutral volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves from high quality tobacco planting regions of Hunan Province[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,21(8):2063-2071.]
符云鹏,王小翠,陈雪,李亚飞,代昌明,喻奇伟,肖庆礼.2013.毕节烟区土壤pH值分布状况及与土壤养分的关系[J].土壤,45(1):46-51.[Fu Y P,Wang X C,Chen X,Li Y F,Dai C M,Yu Q W,Xiao Q L.2013.Distribution of soil pH and its relationships with soil nutrients in Bijie tobacco-growing area[J].Soils,45(1):46-51.]
郭彦荣,陈芳清,郄光武,曾旭.2009.铺地榕对不同土壤磷营养水平的生理生态学响应[J].生态环境学报,18(5):1908-1913.[Guo Y R,Chen F Q,Qie G W,Zeng X.2009.Ecophysiological response of Ficustikoua to different soil phosphorous content[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,18(5):1908-1913.]
郭玉春.2005.不同基因型水稻对低磷胁迫的响应及其分子机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学.[Guo Y C.2005.Study on the response of different genotypic rice(Oryzasatava L.)to low phosphate stress and its molecular mechanism[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.]
何坤,袁玉波.2014.土壤酸度调节对烤烟生长和烟叶品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,(7):38-40.[He K,Yuan Y B.2014.Effects of soil acidity adjustment on growth of tobacco plants and quality of tobacco leaves[J].Hunan A-gricultural Sciences,(7):38-40.]
黄成江,张晓海,李天福,王树会,李强.2007.植烟土壤理化性状的适宜性研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,9(1):42-46.[Huang C J,Zhang X H,Li T F,Wang S H,Li Q.2007.Advance on adaptability of soil physical and chemical properties in tobacco[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,9(1):42-46.]
江厚龙,陈中玉,许安定,陈代明,沈铮,杨超,丁伟.2014.摘除下部不适用烟叶对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,(4):16-21.[Jiang H L,Chen Z Y,Xu AD,Chen D M,Shen Z,Yang C,Ding W.2014.Effects of removing unusable fresh leaves in field on neutral aroma component content in flue-cured tobacco[J].China Tobacco Science,(4):16-21.]
景延秋,袁秀秀,王卫峰,刘英杰,鲁平,刘怀奇,张月华,徐敏.2015.糖与铜互作对烤烟烟叶中性致香物质的影响[J].江西农业学报,27(11):23-26.[Jing Y Q,Yuan XX,Wang W F,Liu Y J,Lu P,Liu H Q,Zhang Y H,Xu M.2015.Effect of interaction of sugar and copper on neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,27(11):23-26.]
黎妍妍,王林,孙光伟,李锡宏,彭五星,王昌军.2017.清江流域烟区烟草青枯病流行时间动态及气象因素分析[J].中国烟草学报,23(4):77-83.[Li Y Y,Wang L,Sun GW,Li X H,Peng W X,Wang C J.2017.Jemporal epidemic dynamics and climatic factors of transmission of tobacco bacterial wilt in Qingjiang River basin[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,23(4):77-83.]
刘国顺.2003.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Liu G S.2003.Tobacco Cultivation[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
刘培玉,王新发,汪健,闫启峰,石刚,杨铁钊.2010.不同生态地区烤烟主要致香物质含量的变化[J].浙江农业学报,22(2):239-243.[Liu P Y,Wang X F,Wang J,Yan Q F,Shi G,Yang T Z.2010.Changes of aroma constituents of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes in different ecoregions[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,22(2):239-243.]
陆景陵.2005.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社.[Lu J L.2005.Plant Nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press.]
王刚,郑苍松,李鹏程,刘敬然,刘爱忠,孙淼,赵新华,余学科,董合林.2016.土壤有效磷含量对棉花幼苗干物质积累和碳氮代谢的影响[J].棉花学报,28(6):609-618.[Wang G,Zheng C S,Li P C,Liu J R,Liu A Z,Sun M,Zhao X H,Yu X K,Dong H L.2016.Effects of soil olsenP levels on the dry matter accumulation and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cotton plant at seedling stage[J].Cotton Science,28(6):609-618.]
王瑞新.2003.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Wang R X.2003.Tobacco Chemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
许自成,王林,肖汉乾.2008.湖南烟区土壤pH分布特点及其与土壤养分的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,16(4):830-834.[Xu Z C,Wang L,Xiao H Q.2008.pH distribution and relationship to soil nutrient in Hunan tobacco lands[J].Chinese Journal of Ecological Agriculture,16(4):830-834.]
杨红旗.2006.中国烤烟主要香气前体物的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学.[Yang H Q.2006.Study on the chiefly fragrant precursor of the flue-cured tobacco in China[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University.]
张甘霖,龚子同.2012.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社.[Zhang G L,Gong Z T.2012.Analytical Method of Soil Investigation Laboratory[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
张广富,赵铭钦,拓阳阳,韩富根,张迪.2011.种植密度和施钾量对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].西北农业学报,20(2):104-109.[Zhang G F,Zhao M Q,Tuo Y Y,Han F G,Zhang D.2011.Effects of plant population and K application level on the contents of neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,20(2):104-109.]
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