基于等效结构应力法的正交异性钢桥面板体系疲劳抗力评估
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摘要
正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳问题属于多疲劳失效模式下的结构体系疲劳问题,为研究其结构体系的疲劳失效模式和疲劳抗力,以典型的正交异性钢桥面板为研究对象,提出基于主导疲劳失效模式的结构体系疲劳抗力评估方法。由正交异性钢桥面板的重要疲劳失效模式入手,设计3组共8个足尺节段模型,通过疲劳试验研究确定纵肋与顶板焊接细节和纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节的重要疲劳失效模式及其实际疲劳抗力;基于所提出的结构体系疲劳抗力评估方法,探讨引入镦边纵肋和双面焊等新型构造细节条件下正交异性钢桥面板结构体系的疲劳抗力问题。研究结果表明:纵肋与顶板焊接细节主导疲劳失效模式为疲劳裂纹萌生于焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展,而纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节主导疲劳失效模式为疲劳裂纹萌生于端部焊趾并沿纵肋腹板扩展;初始制造缺陷会显著降低正交异性钢桥面板重要疲劳失效模式的疲劳抗力并导致疲劳失效模式迁移;对于正交异性钢桥面板的结构体系而言,引入新型镦边纵肋与顶板焊接细节无法提高结构体系的疲劳抗力;而引入纵肋与顶板新型双面焊细节,可使结构体系的主导疲劳失效模式迁移至顶板焊趾或纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节,结构体系的疲劳抗力得到显著提高。
The fatigue problem of orthotropic steel bridge decks(OSDs) is a fatigue problem of a structural system with multiple fatigue failure patterns. To study the fatigue failure patterns and fatigue resistance for structural systems of OSDs, an evaluation method for fatigue resistance of the structural system was proposed by determining the dominant fatigue failure pattern. Based on the important fatigue failure patterns of OSDs, a total of eight full-scale specimens were designed and tested to determine the important fatigue failure patterns and fatigue resistances of rib-to-deck welded joints and longitudinal rib-to-diaphragm welded joints. The effects of upsetting edge rib and double-sided weld of rib-to-deck welded joints on the fatigue resistances of OSDs were discussed along with evaluation method of the structural system. The results indicate that the dominant fatigue failure pattern of the rib-to-deck welded joints of normal and upsetting edge ribs are root-to-deck cracks; the dominant fatigue failure pattern of the rib-to-diaphragm welded joints is the fatigue crack initiated from the toe and propagated along the longitudinal rib. The fatigue resistances of important failure patterns are reduced owing to the initial manufacturing defects, and the dominant fatigue failure patterns are thus transferred. For the dominant fatigue failure pattern of an OSD, the fatigue resistance of a structural system cannot be significantly improved by introducing the upsetting edge rib. The dominant fatigue failure pattern of an OSD will thus be transferred to the toe-to-deck or longitudinal rib-to-diaphragm welded joints through the double-sided welds, and the fatigue resistance of the OSD improves.
The fatigue problem of orthotropic steel bridge decks(OSDs) is a fatigue problem of a structural system with multiple fatigue failure patterns. To study the fatigue failure patterns and fatigue resistance for structural systems of OSDs, an evaluation method for fatigue resistance of the structural system was proposed by determining the dominant fatigue failure pattern. Based on the important fatigue failure patterns of OSDs, a total of eight full-scale specimens were designed and tested to determine the important fatigue failure patterns and fatigue resistances of rib-to-deck welded joints and longitudinal rib-to-diaphragm welded joints. The effects of upsetting edge rib and double-sided weld of rib-to-deck welded joints on the fatigue resistances of OSDs were discussed along with evaluation method of the structural system. The results indicate that the dominant fatigue failure pattern of the rib-to-deck welded joints of normal and upsetting edge ribs are root-to-deck cracks; the dominant fatigue failure pattern of the rib-to-diaphragm welded joints is the fatigue crack initiated from the toe and propagated along the longitudinal rib. The fatigue resistances of important failure patterns are reduced owing to the initial manufacturing defects, and the dominant fatigue failure patterns are thus transferred. For the dominant fatigue failure pattern of an OSD, the fatigue resistance of a structural system cannot be significantly improved by introducing the upsetting edge rib. The dominant fatigue failure pattern of an OSD will thus be transferred to the toe-to-deck or longitudinal rib-to-diaphragm welded joints through the double-sided welds, and the fatigue resistance of the OSD improves.
引文
[1] 张清华,卜一之,李乔.正交异性钢桥面板疲劳问题的研究进展[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(3):14-30,39. ZHANG Qing-hua, BU Yi-zhi, LI Qiao. Review on Fatigue Problems of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2017, 30 (3): 14-30, 39.
[2] WOLCHUK R. Lessons from Weld Cracks in Orthotropic Decks on Three European Bridges [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1992, 116 (1): 75-84.
[3] KLOSTEIN M H. Fatigue Classification of Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks [D]. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2007.
[4] 孟凡超,张清华,苏权科,等.钢桥面板抗疲劳关键技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2014. MENG Fan-chao, ZHANG Qing-hua, SU Quan-ke, et al. Anti-fatigue Key Technology of Orthotropic Steel Decks [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2014.
[5] 张清华,崔闯,卜一之,等.正交异性钢桥面板足尺节段疲劳模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(4):72-83. ZHANG Qin-hua, CUI Chuang, BU Yi-zhi, et al. Experimental Study on Fatigue Features of Orthotropic Bridge Deck Through Full-scale Segment Modes [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2015, 48 (4): 72-83.
[6] 王春生,付炳宁,张芹,等.正交异性钢桥面板足尺疲劳试验[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(2):69-76. WANG Chun-sheng, FU Bing-ning, ZHANG Qin, et al. Fatigue Test on Full-scale Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2013, 26 (2): 69-76.
[7] PENG X F, LIU J, HAN J T, et al. Effect of Hot/warm Roll-forming Process on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Local Thickened U-rib for Orthotropic Steel Deck [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2017, 24 (3): 335-342.
[8] LUO P J, ZHANG Q H, BU Y Z, et al. Fatigue Evaluation and Parametric Study on Orthotropic Steel Deck Composed of a New-type of U-rib with Upset Webs [C]// IABSE. 39th IABSE Symposium. Bern: IABSE, 2017: 2567-2577.
[9] HENG J L, ZHENG K F, GOU C, et al. Fatigue Performance of Rib-to-deck Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks with Thickened Edge U-ribs [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2017, 22 (9): 04017059.
[10] CAO V D, SASAKI E, TAJIMA K, et al. Investigations on the Effect of Weld Penetration on Fatigue Strength of Rib-to-deck Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks [J]. International Journal of Steel Structures, 2015, 15 (2): 299-310.
[11] 冯鹏程,付坤,陈毅明.沌口长江公路大桥主桥设计关键技术[J].桥梁建设,2017,47(2):7-12. FENG Peng-cheng, FU Kun, CHEN Yi-ming. Key Techniques of Design of Main Bridge of Zhuankou Changjiang River Highway Bridge [J]. Bridge Construction, 2017, 47 (2): 7-12.
[12] XIAO Z G, YAMADA K, YA S, et al. Stress Analyses and Fatigue Evaluation of Rib-to-deck Joints in Steel Orthotropic Decks [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2008, 30 (8): 1387-1397.
[13] YA S, YAMADA K, ISHIKAWA T. Fatigue Evaluation of Rib-to-deck Welded Joints of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2010, 16 (4): 492-499.
[14] 赵欣欣,刘晓光,潘永杰,等.正交异性钢桥面板纵肋腹板与面板连接构造的疲劳试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(2):41-45. ZHAO Xin-xin, LIU Xiao-guang, PAN Yong-jie, et al. Fatigue Test Study on the Joint Structure Between the Deck and Longitudinal Rib Web of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. China Railway Science, 2013, 34 (2): 41-45.
[15] 王斌华,吕彭民,邵雨虹.正交异性钢桥面隔板与U肋连接热点应力分析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2013,33(5):57-63. WANG Bin-hua, LU Peng-min, SHAO Yu-hong. Fatigue Performance on the Rounded Welding Region of U-rib and Diaphragm of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck by Means of Hot Spot Stress Approach [J]. Journal of Chang'an University: Natural Science Edition, 2013, 33 (5): 57-63.
[16] FRYBA L, GAJDOS L. Fatigue Properties of Orthotropic Decks on Railway Bridges [J]. Engineering Structures, 1999, 21 (7): 639-652.
[17] YUAN H. Optimization of Rib-to-deck Welds for Steel Orthotropic Bridge Decks [D]. Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2011.
[18] FU Z Q, JI B H, ZHANG C Y, et al. Fatigue Performance of Roof and U-rib Weld of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck with Different Penetration Rates [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2017, 22 (6): 04017016.
[19] CHENG B, YE X, CAO X, et al. Experimental Study on Fatigue Failure of Rib-to-deck Welded Connections in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2017, 103: 157-167.
[20] LEENDERTZ J S. Fatigue Behavior of Closed Stiffener to Crossbeam Connections in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks [D]. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2008.
[21] CONNOR R J, FISHER J, GATTI W, et al. Manual for Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridges [R]. Washington DC: US Department of Transportation, 2012.
[22] CHOI J H, KIM D H. Stress Characteristics and Fatigue Crack Behavior of the Longitudinal Rib-to-cross Beam Joints in an Orthotropic Steel Deck [J]. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2008, 11 (2): 189-198.
[23] SIM H B, UANG C M, SIKORSKY C. Effects of Fabrication Procedures on Fatigue Resistance of Welded Joints in Steel Orthotropic Decks [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2009, 14 (5): 366-373.
[24] ZHANG Q H, CUI C, BU Y Z, et al. Fatigue Tests and Fatigue Assessment Approaches for Rib-to-diaphragm in Steel Orthotropic Decks [J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2015, 114: 110-118.
[25] KAINUMA S, YANG M, JEONG Y S, et al. Experimental Investigation for Structural Parameter Effects on Fatigue Behavior of Rib-to-deck Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2017, 79: 520-537.
[26] 陶晓燕.正交异性钢桥面板节段模型疲劳性能试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(4):22-26. TAO Xiao-yan. Experimental Study on the Fatigue Performance of the Section Model of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. China Railway Science, 2013, 34 (4): 22-26.
[27] 唐亮,黄李骥,刘高,等.正交异性钢桥面板足尺模型疲劳试验[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(3):112-122. TANG Liang, HUANG Li-ji, LIU Gao, et al. Fatigue Experimental Study of a Full-scale Steel Orthotropic Deck Model [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2014, 47 (3): 112-122.
[28] DONG P S. A Structural Stress Definition and Numerical Implementation for Fatigue Analysis of Welded Joints [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2001, 23 (10): 865-876.
[29] NIE C, DONG P. A Traction Stress Based Shear Strength Definition for Fillet Welds [J]. The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2012, 47 (8): 562-575.
[30] JTG D64—2015,公路钢结构桥梁设计规范[S]. JTG D64—2015, Specifications for Design of Highway Steel Bridge [S].
[31] Eurocode 1, Actions on Structures, Part 2: Traffic Loads on Bridges [S].
[32] CUI C, ZHANG Q H, LUO Y, et al. Fatigue Reliability Evaluation of Deck-to-rib Welded Joints in OSD Considering Stochastic Traffic Load and Welding Residual Stress [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2018, 111: 151-160.
[33] CUI C, BU Y Z, BAO Y, et al. Strain Energy-based Fatigue Life Evaluation of Deck-to-rib Welded Joints in OSD Considering Combined Effects of Stochastic Traffic Load and Welded Residual Stress [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2018, 23 (2): 1-15.
[2] WOLCHUK R. Lessons from Weld Cracks in Orthotropic Decks on Three European Bridges [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1992, 116 (1): 75-84.
[3] KLOSTEIN M H. Fatigue Classification of Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks [D]. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2007.
[4] 孟凡超,张清华,苏权科,等.钢桥面板抗疲劳关键技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2014. MENG Fan-chao, ZHANG Qing-hua, SU Quan-ke, et al. Anti-fatigue Key Technology of Orthotropic Steel Decks [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2014.
[5] 张清华,崔闯,卜一之,等.正交异性钢桥面板足尺节段疲劳模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(4):72-83. ZHANG Qin-hua, CUI Chuang, BU Yi-zhi, et al. Experimental Study on Fatigue Features of Orthotropic Bridge Deck Through Full-scale Segment Modes [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2015, 48 (4): 72-83.
[6] 王春生,付炳宁,张芹,等.正交异性钢桥面板足尺疲劳试验[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(2):69-76. WANG Chun-sheng, FU Bing-ning, ZHANG Qin, et al. Fatigue Test on Full-scale Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2013, 26 (2): 69-76.
[7] PENG X F, LIU J, HAN J T, et al. Effect of Hot/warm Roll-forming Process on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Local Thickened U-rib for Orthotropic Steel Deck [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2017, 24 (3): 335-342.
[8] LUO P J, ZHANG Q H, BU Y Z, et al. Fatigue Evaluation and Parametric Study on Orthotropic Steel Deck Composed of a New-type of U-rib with Upset Webs [C]// IABSE. 39th IABSE Symposium. Bern: IABSE, 2017: 2567-2577.
[9] HENG J L, ZHENG K F, GOU C, et al. Fatigue Performance of Rib-to-deck Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks with Thickened Edge U-ribs [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2017, 22 (9): 04017059.
[10] CAO V D, SASAKI E, TAJIMA K, et al. Investigations on the Effect of Weld Penetration on Fatigue Strength of Rib-to-deck Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks [J]. International Journal of Steel Structures, 2015, 15 (2): 299-310.
[11] 冯鹏程,付坤,陈毅明.沌口长江公路大桥主桥设计关键技术[J].桥梁建设,2017,47(2):7-12. FENG Peng-cheng, FU Kun, CHEN Yi-ming. Key Techniques of Design of Main Bridge of Zhuankou Changjiang River Highway Bridge [J]. Bridge Construction, 2017, 47 (2): 7-12.
[12] XIAO Z G, YAMADA K, YA S, et al. Stress Analyses and Fatigue Evaluation of Rib-to-deck Joints in Steel Orthotropic Decks [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2008, 30 (8): 1387-1397.
[13] YA S, YAMADA K, ISHIKAWA T. Fatigue Evaluation of Rib-to-deck Welded Joints of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2010, 16 (4): 492-499.
[14] 赵欣欣,刘晓光,潘永杰,等.正交异性钢桥面板纵肋腹板与面板连接构造的疲劳试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(2):41-45. ZHAO Xin-xin, LIU Xiao-guang, PAN Yong-jie, et al. Fatigue Test Study on the Joint Structure Between the Deck and Longitudinal Rib Web of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. China Railway Science, 2013, 34 (2): 41-45.
[15] 王斌华,吕彭民,邵雨虹.正交异性钢桥面隔板与U肋连接热点应力分析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2013,33(5):57-63. WANG Bin-hua, LU Peng-min, SHAO Yu-hong. Fatigue Performance on the Rounded Welding Region of U-rib and Diaphragm of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck by Means of Hot Spot Stress Approach [J]. Journal of Chang'an University: Natural Science Edition, 2013, 33 (5): 57-63.
[16] FRYBA L, GAJDOS L. Fatigue Properties of Orthotropic Decks on Railway Bridges [J]. Engineering Structures, 1999, 21 (7): 639-652.
[17] YUAN H. Optimization of Rib-to-deck Welds for Steel Orthotropic Bridge Decks [D]. Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2011.
[18] FU Z Q, JI B H, ZHANG C Y, et al. Fatigue Performance of Roof and U-rib Weld of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck with Different Penetration Rates [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2017, 22 (6): 04017016.
[19] CHENG B, YE X, CAO X, et al. Experimental Study on Fatigue Failure of Rib-to-deck Welded Connections in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2017, 103: 157-167.
[20] LEENDERTZ J S. Fatigue Behavior of Closed Stiffener to Crossbeam Connections in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks [D]. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2008.
[21] CONNOR R J, FISHER J, GATTI W, et al. Manual for Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridges [R]. Washington DC: US Department of Transportation, 2012.
[22] CHOI J H, KIM D H. Stress Characteristics and Fatigue Crack Behavior of the Longitudinal Rib-to-cross Beam Joints in an Orthotropic Steel Deck [J]. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2008, 11 (2): 189-198.
[23] SIM H B, UANG C M, SIKORSKY C. Effects of Fabrication Procedures on Fatigue Resistance of Welded Joints in Steel Orthotropic Decks [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2009, 14 (5): 366-373.
[24] ZHANG Q H, CUI C, BU Y Z, et al. Fatigue Tests and Fatigue Assessment Approaches for Rib-to-diaphragm in Steel Orthotropic Decks [J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2015, 114: 110-118.
[25] KAINUMA S, YANG M, JEONG Y S, et al. Experimental Investigation for Structural Parameter Effects on Fatigue Behavior of Rib-to-deck Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2017, 79: 520-537.
[26] 陶晓燕.正交异性钢桥面板节段模型疲劳性能试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(4):22-26. TAO Xiao-yan. Experimental Study on the Fatigue Performance of the Section Model of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck [J]. China Railway Science, 2013, 34 (4): 22-26.
[27] 唐亮,黄李骥,刘高,等.正交异性钢桥面板足尺模型疲劳试验[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(3):112-122. TANG Liang, HUANG Li-ji, LIU Gao, et al. Fatigue Experimental Study of a Full-scale Steel Orthotropic Deck Model [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2014, 47 (3): 112-122.
[28] DONG P S. A Structural Stress Definition and Numerical Implementation for Fatigue Analysis of Welded Joints [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2001, 23 (10): 865-876.
[29] NIE C, DONG P. A Traction Stress Based Shear Strength Definition for Fillet Welds [J]. The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2012, 47 (8): 562-575.
[30] JTG D64—2015,公路钢结构桥梁设计规范[S]. JTG D64—2015, Specifications for Design of Highway Steel Bridge [S].
[31] Eurocode 1, Actions on Structures, Part 2: Traffic Loads on Bridges [S].
[32] CUI C, ZHANG Q H, LUO Y, et al. Fatigue Reliability Evaluation of Deck-to-rib Welded Joints in OSD Considering Stochastic Traffic Load and Welding Residual Stress [J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2018, 111: 151-160.
[33] CUI C, BU Y Z, BAO Y, et al. Strain Energy-based Fatigue Life Evaluation of Deck-to-rib Welded Joints in OSD Considering Combined Effects of Stochastic Traffic Load and Welded Residual Stress [J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2018, 23 (2): 1-15.