紫花苜蓿和全株玉米混合青贮研究
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摘要
试验以紫花苜蓿和全株玉米为原料,探讨不同混合比例对混合青贮发酵品质的影响,确定最佳混合比例。试验设5个处理组:紫花苜蓿单贮组(Z),全株玉米单贮组(Y),20%紫花苜蓿+80%全株玉米(ZY28),40%紫花苜蓿+60%全株玉米(ZY46),50%紫花苜蓿+50%全株玉米(ZY55),将各组青贮发酵60 d后开窖并测定青贮发酵品质。测定结果表明:紫花苜蓿单独青贮,发酵品质较差,青贮饲料评分较低。与紫花苜蓿单独青贮相比,紫花苜蓿与全株玉米混合青贮中,随着全株玉米比例的提高,青贮发酵品质逐步改善,当达到60%时,显著降低了青贮饲料的pH值和氨态氮/总氮值,并使丁酸含量低于检测水平,提高了乳酸含量,获得优质混合青贮饲料。随着玉米比例的进一步提高,其pH值和感官评分没有明显变化,而干物质含量略有降低。从营养均衡和发酵品质综合考虑,建议以40%紫花苜蓿与60%全株玉米混合青贮较为适宜。
This study was carried out to evaluate the fermentation quality of mixed silages of alfalfa and whole plant corn. The treatments are as follows, ensiling of alfalfa(Z), ensiling of whole plant corn(Y), mixed ensiling of 20% Alfalfa+80% whole plant corn(ZY28), of 40% Alfalfa+60% whole plant corn(ZY46), and of 50% Alfalfa+50% whole plant corn(ZY55). The laboratory silos were opened on 60 days of ensiling and the fermentation qualities were determined. The results showed that the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage was poor, indicated by low scores of ensiling examination. Compared with the alfalfa silage, the fermentation qualities of mixed silages were improved gradually with the increase of the proportion of whole plant corn. When the proportion of whole plant corn reached 60%, the values of pH and NH_3-N/TN of the silage were significantly reduced, the butyric acid was lower than the detection level, and the lactic acid was at a higher level. And no significant differences in the values of pH and sensory scores between ZY46 and ZY55 silages. It was suggested that mixed silage with 40% alfalfa and 60% maize possessed the best nutritional and fermentation qualities.
This study was carried out to evaluate the fermentation quality of mixed silages of alfalfa and whole plant corn. The treatments are as follows, ensiling of alfalfa(Z), ensiling of whole plant corn(Y), mixed ensiling of 20% Alfalfa+80% whole plant corn(ZY28), of 40% Alfalfa+60% whole plant corn(ZY46), and of 50% Alfalfa+50% whole plant corn(ZY55). The laboratory silos were opened on 60 days of ensiling and the fermentation qualities were determined. The results showed that the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage was poor, indicated by low scores of ensiling examination. Compared with the alfalfa silage, the fermentation qualities of mixed silages were improved gradually with the increase of the proportion of whole plant corn. When the proportion of whole plant corn reached 60%, the values of pH and NH_3-N/TN of the silage were significantly reduced, the butyric acid was lower than the detection level, and the lactic acid was at a higher level. And no significant differences in the values of pH and sensory scores between ZY46 and ZY55 silages. It was suggested that mixed silage with 40% alfalfa and 60% maize possessed the best nutritional and fermentation qualities.
引文
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[11] 王奇,余成群,辛鹏程,等. 苇状羊茅和箭筈碗豆混合青贮发酵品质的研究[J].草地学报,2012,20(5):952-956.
[2] 李向林,万里强. 苜蓿青贮技术研究进展[J].草业学报,2005,14(2):9-15.
[3] McDonald P,Henderson A R,Herson S J E. The biochemistry of silage[M].2th ed. Aberystwyth:Cambrian Printers Ltd,1991.
[4] Zhu Y,Nishino N,Kishida Y. Ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradation of Italian ryegrass and Lucerne silages treated with cell wall-degrading enzymes[J].Science,1999,79(14):1987-1992.
[5] Shao T,Zhang Z,Shimojo M,et al. Comparison of fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) during the early stage of ensiling[J].Asian Austral J Anim,2005,18(12):1727.
[6] 闻爱友,原现军,王坚,等. 紫花苜蓿与意大利黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,2011,25(6):10-14.
[7] 薛祝林,罗富成,匡崇义,等. 高丹草与紫花苜蓿的混合青贮效果分析[J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(3):340-345.
[8] 魏化敬. 提高紫花苜蓿与多年生黑麦草、苇状羊茅混合青贮发酵品质的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[9] Nilsson G,Nilsson P E, Silage studies I V. The microflora on the surface of some fodder plantsat different stages of maturity[J].Arch Microbiol,1956,24(4):412-422.
[10] Zhang J G,Kawamoto H,Cai Y M M. Relationships between the addition rates of cellulose or glucose and silage fermentation at different temperatures[J].J Animal Sci,2010,81(3):325-330.
[11] 王奇,余成群,辛鹏程,等. 苇状羊茅和箭筈碗豆混合青贮发酵品质的研究[J].草地学报,2012,20(5):952-956.