库鲁克沙漠风沙地貌与沙丘移动
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摘要
库鲁克沙漠位于塔里木河下游以东,是塔克拉玛干沙漠的重要组成部分。利用风况资料和Google Earth卫星影像,对该沙漠的风沙地貌及其移动特征进行分析。结果表明:库鲁克沙漠风能环境属于低至中等;合成输沙势方向为西南至西南偏西方向;方向变率属于中等。具有风积和风蚀两种地貌类型,风积地貌类型主要包括平沙地、灌丛沙丘、新月形沙垄、新月形沙丘及沙丘链、复合新月形沙丘和复合型沙丘链,风蚀地貌类型主要为雅丹。沙漠西部新月形沙丘的移动方向为西南偏西方向,与当地合成风向大体一致。沙丘移动速率为9.5～37.8 m·a~(-1),呈现明显的空间差异,主要取决于当地风况、沙丘高度和沙丘密度等因素,与沙丘高度和沙丘密度呈指数负相关关系。沙丘的形成发育及其移动是由多种因素相互作用的复杂过程,而这种复杂性塑造了丰富的风沙地貌类型及其区域差异性。
The Quruq Desert is an important part of the Taklimakan Desert, which is located to the east of the Tarim River. At present, there is little research on this desert. In this paper, the aeolian geomorphology and dune migration in the Quruq Desert was analyzed by using wind regime data and Google Earth satellite images. The results indicate that the Quruq Desert belong to low to intermediate wind energy environment. The resultant sand drift potential direction is from SW to WSW. Directional variability belongs to intermediate. There are two types of landforms:aeolian accumulation landforms and wind-eroded landform. Aeolian accumulation landforms include flat sand sheet, shrub-coppice dunes, asymmetric barchanoid ridges, barchans and barchanoid chains, compound barchans and compound barchanoid chains. Wind-eroded landform includes yardangs. The migration direction of barchan dunes in the western Quruq Desert was towards the WSW, approximately in accordance with the local resultant drift direction. The migration rate ranged from 9. 5 to 37. 8 m·a~(-1), showed obvious spatial variation, and depended on the local wind regimes, dune height, and dune density. The rate was negatively exponentially related to the dune height and dune density. Dune evolution and migration are complex processes controlled by interactions among many factors, and this complexity has shaped the rich types of aeolian landforms and their regional difference.
The Quruq Desert is an important part of the Taklimakan Desert, which is located to the east of the Tarim River. At present, there is little research on this desert. In this paper, the aeolian geomorphology and dune migration in the Quruq Desert was analyzed by using wind regime data and Google Earth satellite images. The results indicate that the Quruq Desert belong to low to intermediate wind energy environment. The resultant sand drift potential direction is from SW to WSW. Directional variability belongs to intermediate. There are two types of landforms:aeolian accumulation landforms and wind-eroded landform. Aeolian accumulation landforms include flat sand sheet, shrub-coppice dunes, asymmetric barchanoid ridges, barchans and barchanoid chains, compound barchans and compound barchanoid chains. Wind-eroded landform includes yardangs. The migration direction of barchan dunes in the western Quruq Desert was towards the WSW, approximately in accordance with the local resultant drift direction. The migration rate ranged from 9. 5 to 37. 8 m·a~(-1), showed obvious spatial variation, and depended on the local wind regimes, dune height, and dune density. The rate was negatively exponentially related to the dune height and dune density. Dune evolution and migration are complex processes controlled by interactions among many factors, and this complexity has shaped the rich types of aeolian landforms and their regional difference.
引文
[1] 董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
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[12] 王涛.塔里木河下游阿拉干地区沙漠化过程及其预测[J].中国沙漠,1986,6(2):20-30.
[13] 王让会,樊自立.塔里木河下游近50a来沙质荒漠化演变规律[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(1):46-51.
[14] Hamdan M A,Refaat A A,Wahed M A.Morphologic characteristics and migration rate assessment of barchan dunes in the Southeastern Western Desert of Egypt[J].Geomorphology,2016,257(4):57-74.
[15] Dong Z B,Lv P,Qian G Q,et al.Research progress in China's Lop Nur[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2012,111(1/2):142-153.
[16] 周洪华,陈亚宁,李卫红.新疆铁干里克绿洲水文过程对土壤盐渍化的影响[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):714-724.
[17] 王海雷,刘志辉,李诚志,等.阿拉干地区灌丛植被截沙过程试验研究[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(10):2045-2050.
[18] Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]//Mckee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Washington,USA:US Government Printing Office,1979.
[19] 张正偲,董治宝.黑河流域中游沙漠风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):332-341.
[20] 董瑞杰,董治宝,吴晋峰,等.罗布泊雅丹地貌旅游资源评价与开发研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1235-1243.
[21] 李露露,董治宝,李超,等.火星和地球雅丹形态学类比分析——以埃律西昂平原和柴达木盆地为例[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(4):1-8.
[22] Ward A W,Greeley R.Evolution of the yardangs at Rogers Lake,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(7):829-837.
[23] Bagnold R A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Methuen,1941.
[24] Livingstone I,Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology:An Introduction[M].Singapore:Longman,1996.
[25] Finkel H J.The barchans of southern Peru[J].Journal of Geology,1959,67(6):614-647.
[26] Lancaster N.Dune Morphology and Dynamics[M].Dordrecht,Netherlands:Springer,2009.
[2] 黄鹏展,阿布都热西提·阿布都外力,赵建平.沙丘移动的研究现状与未来研究思路[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2010,4(1):1-5.
[3] 毛东雷,雷加强,周杰,等.新疆策勒不同类型流动和半流动沙丘运移规律[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):278-282.
[4] 张正偲,董治宝.风沙地貌形态动力学研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(6):734-747.
[5] 艾合买提·那由甫.塔里木河下游绿色走廊土壤特征及其空间分布规律调查报告[C]//西部地区第二届植物科学与开发学术讨论会,2001.
[6] 宋郁东,樊自立,雷志栋.中国塔里木河流域水资源与生态问题研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1999.
[7] 朱震达,郭恒文,吴功成.塔克拉玛干沙漠西南地区绿洲附近沙丘移动的研究[J].地理学报,1964,30(1):35-50.
[8] 朱震达,陈治平,吴正,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[9] 董治宝,陈广庭,颜长珍,等.塔里木沙漠石油公路沿线沙丘移动规律[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(4):34-39.
[10] Dong Z B,Wang X M,Chen G T.Monitoring sand dune advance in the Taklimakan Desert[J].Geomorphology,2000,35(3):219-231.
[11] Wang X M,Dong Z B,Zhang J W,et al.Geomorphology of sand dunes in the Northeast Taklimakan Desert[J].Geomorphology,2002,42(3/4):183-195.
[12] 王涛.塔里木河下游阿拉干地区沙漠化过程及其预测[J].中国沙漠,1986,6(2):20-30.
[13] 王让会,樊自立.塔里木河下游近50a来沙质荒漠化演变规律[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(1):46-51.
[14] Hamdan M A,Refaat A A,Wahed M A.Morphologic characteristics and migration rate assessment of barchan dunes in the Southeastern Western Desert of Egypt[J].Geomorphology,2016,257(4):57-74.
[15] Dong Z B,Lv P,Qian G Q,et al.Research progress in China's Lop Nur[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2012,111(1/2):142-153.
[16] 周洪华,陈亚宁,李卫红.新疆铁干里克绿洲水文过程对土壤盐渍化的影响[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):714-724.
[17] 王海雷,刘志辉,李诚志,等.阿拉干地区灌丛植被截沙过程试验研究[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(10):2045-2050.
[18] Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]//Mckee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Washington,USA:US Government Printing Office,1979.
[19] 张正偲,董治宝.黑河流域中游沙漠风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):332-341.
[20] 董瑞杰,董治宝,吴晋峰,等.罗布泊雅丹地貌旅游资源评价与开发研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):1235-1243.
[21] 李露露,董治宝,李超,等.火星和地球雅丹形态学类比分析——以埃律西昂平原和柴达木盆地为例[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(4):1-8.
[22] Ward A W,Greeley R.Evolution of the yardangs at Rogers Lake,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(7):829-837.
[23] Bagnold R A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Methuen,1941.
[24] Livingstone I,Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology:An Introduction[M].Singapore:Longman,1996.
[25] Finkel H J.The barchans of southern Peru[J].Journal of Geology,1959,67(6):614-647.
[26] Lancaster N.Dune Morphology and Dynamics[M].Dordrecht,Netherlands:Springer,2009.
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