采煤沉陷区地表水土流失时空演化研究
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摘要
为研究采煤沉陷区坡面地表水土流失时空演化规律,通过室内模拟实验研究不同降雨强度和坡度条件下的坡面地表水土流失特征。实验研究表明:坡面平均流速与降雨强度整体呈正比关系,即在相同坡度条件下,随降雨强度的增加,坡面的平均流速增加;弱降雨下水流含沙量随坡度的变化无明显变化规律,中、强降雨条件下,坡面坡度对含沙量变化呈2个阶段影响作用:第1阶段,随坡度增加,含沙量减少,呈负相关;第2阶段,随坡度增加,含沙量近线性增加,呈正相关。
To study the temporal and spatial evolution of surface water and soil erosion on the slope surface of coal mining subsidence area, in this paper, indoor simulation experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of surface soil erosion on slopes under different rainfall intensity and slope conditions. Experimental studies show that the slope surface average velocity is directly proportional to the rainfall intensity. Under the same slope, with the increase of rainfall intensity, the average velocity of the slope increases. There is no obvious change rule of sediment concentration in the flow under weak rainfall; under the conditions of moderate and heavy rainfall, slope gradient has two stages of effect on the change of sediment concentration. In the first stage, as the gradient increases, the sediment concentration decreases, showing a negative effect. In the second stage, with the increase of slope, the sediment concentration increases nearly linearly, showing a positive correlation.
To study the temporal and spatial evolution of surface water and soil erosion on the slope surface of coal mining subsidence area, in this paper, indoor simulation experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of surface soil erosion on slopes under different rainfall intensity and slope conditions. Experimental studies show that the slope surface average velocity is directly proportional to the rainfall intensity. Under the same slope, with the increase of rainfall intensity, the average velocity of the slope increases. There is no obvious change rule of sediment concentration in the flow under weak rainfall; under the conditions of moderate and heavy rainfall, slope gradient has two stages of effect on the change of sediment concentration. In the first stage, as the gradient increases, the sediment concentration decreases, showing a negative effect. In the second stage, with the increase of slope, the sediment concentration increases nearly linearly, showing a positive correlation.
引文
[1]蒋金泉,武泉林,曲华.硬厚岩层下逆断层采动应力演化与断层活化特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):267.
[2]张勇,张春雷,赵甫.近距离煤层群开采底板不同分区采动裂隙动态演化规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):786-792.
[3]张向阳,常聚才.上下采空极近距离煤层开采围岩应力及破坏特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):506-511.
[4]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(4):343-348.
[5]张彦军,郭胜利,南雅芳,等.水土流失治理措施对小流域土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5777-5785.
[6]王长垒.基于充填开采的煤矿塌陷区坡地水土流失特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2013.
[7]于佳禾.采煤塌陷坡地砂姜黑土中氮磷流失特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015.
[8]高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J].地理学报,2015,70(9):1503-1515.
[9]高光耀,傅伯杰,吕一河,等.干旱半干旱区坡面覆被格局的水土流失效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):12-22.
[10]晏清洪,原翠萍,雷廷武,等.降雨类型和水土保持对黄土区小流域水土流失的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):169-175.
[2]张勇,张春雷,赵甫.近距离煤层群开采底板不同分区采动裂隙动态演化规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):786-792.
[3]张向阳,常聚才.上下采空极近距离煤层开采围岩应力及破坏特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):506-511.
[4]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(4):343-348.
[5]张彦军,郭胜利,南雅芳,等.水土流失治理措施对小流域土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5777-5785.
[6]王长垒.基于充填开采的煤矿塌陷区坡地水土流失特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2013.
[7]于佳禾.采煤塌陷坡地砂姜黑土中氮磷流失特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015.
[8]高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J].地理学报,2015,70(9):1503-1515.
[9]高光耀,傅伯杰,吕一河,等.干旱半干旱区坡面覆被格局的水土流失效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):12-22.
[10]晏清洪,原翠萍,雷廷武,等.降雨类型和水土保持对黄土区小流域水土流失的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):169-175.