煤矿陷落柱槽波探查技术及应用
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摘要
陷落柱是岩溶空顶塌陷的产物,也是影响矿井采掘衔接和安全生产的重要因素之一。为了提前查明陷落柱的赋存特征,避免工作面回采过程中无计划揭露陷落柱带来的人员伤亡和财产损失,针对典型矿井,制定标准煤岩样,展开室内试验分析,并选择合理的工程现场,展开槽波地震透射法和反射法勘探,最终,结合槽波速度法和能量法分析圈定陷落柱范围,通过探采成果对比研究该方法对陷落柱精准探查的适用性。结果表明:槽波透射法速度分析中,陷落柱的槽波速度与其裂隙发育情况和胶结程度密切相关,异常值难以准确界定;槽波透射法能量分析中,陷落柱的槽波振幅值衰减严重,可以依据衰减系数和相应计算方法,准确圈定陷落柱的发育范围;如果陷落柱与煤体交界面完好,与煤层夹角适合,槽波反射法速度分析可以准确划定陷落柱的边界。因此,槽波地震勘探对陷落柱构造的探测效果良好,能够有效指导矿井的安全生产。
Collapse pillar is the product of karst roof collapse,and it is also one of the important factors affecting mining connection and safe production. In order to find out the occurrence characteristics of subsidence pillars in advance and to avoid the casualties and property losses caused by unplanned exposure of subsidence pillars in the mining process of working face,standard coal and rock samples were formulated for typical mines,and laboratory test analysis was carried out. Reasonable engineering sites were selected to carry out trench wave seismic transmission and reflection exploration. Finally,combined with trench wave velocity method and energy method,the subsidence was delineated. The applicability of this method to precise exploration of collapse column was studied through comparison of exploration results. The results showed that the trough wave velocity of the collapse column was closely related to its fracture development and cementation degree,and it was difficult to define the abnormal value accurately. In the energy analysis of the trough wave transmission method,the amplitude of the trough wave of the collapse column attenuates seriously,and the development range of the collapse column can be delineated accurately according to the attenuation coefficient and the corresponding calculation method. The surface was intact,and the angle between the surface and the coal seam was suitable. The boundary of the collapse column can be delineated accurately by the velocity analysis of trough wave reflection method. Therefore,trench wave seismic exploration has a good effect on the detection of subsidence column structure,and can effectively guide the safe production of the mine.
Collapse pillar is the product of karst roof collapse,and it is also one of the important factors affecting mining connection and safe production. In order to find out the occurrence characteristics of subsidence pillars in advance and to avoid the casualties and property losses caused by unplanned exposure of subsidence pillars in the mining process of working face,standard coal and rock samples were formulated for typical mines,and laboratory test analysis was carried out. Reasonable engineering sites were selected to carry out trench wave seismic transmission and reflection exploration. Finally,combined with trench wave velocity method and energy method,the subsidence was delineated. The applicability of this method to precise exploration of collapse column was studied through comparison of exploration results. The results showed that the trough wave velocity of the collapse column was closely related to its fracture development and cementation degree,and it was difficult to define the abnormal value accurately. In the energy analysis of the trough wave transmission method,the amplitude of the trough wave of the collapse column attenuates seriously,and the development range of the collapse column can be delineated accurately according to the attenuation coefficient and the corresponding calculation method. The surface was intact,and the angle between the surface and the coal seam was suitable. The boundary of the collapse column can be delineated accurately by the velocity analysis of trough wave reflection method. Therefore,trench wave seismic exploration has a good effect on the detection of subsidence column structure,and can effectively guide the safe production of the mine.
引文
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[14]杨真,冯涛,Wang S G. 0. 9 m薄煤层SH型槽波频散特征及波形模型[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):442-449.Yang Zhen,Feng Tao,Wang S G. Dispersion characteristics andwave shape mode of SH channel wave in a 0. 9 m-thin coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):442-449.
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[18]潘冬明,刘天放.拉夫型槽波的有限差分合成[J].中国煤田地质,1990,2(2):54-59.Pan Dongming,Liu Tianfang. Love channel wave finite differencesynthesis[J]. Coal Geology of China,1990,2(2):54-59.
[19]杨文强.槽波地震勘探的数学模型研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(3):58-60.Yang Wenqiang. Modeling rescarch of channel wave seismic explo-ration[J]. Geology and Prospecting,2001,37(3):58-60.
[20]刘天放,程久龙,潘冬明,等.槽波的吸收衰减[J].煤炭学报,1993,18(5):83-86.Liu Tianfang,Cheng Jiulong,Pan Dongming,et al. Channel waveattenuation by medium absorption[J]. Journal of China Coal Socie-ty,1993,18(5):83-86.
[21]崔岩,王彦飞,杨长春.带先验知识的波阻抗反演正则化方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2135-2141.Cui Yan,Wang Yanfei,Yang Changchun. Regularizing methodwith a priori knowledge for seismic impedance inversion[J]. Chi-nese J Geophys,2009,52(8):2135-2141.
[22]王伟,高星,李松营,等.槽波层析成像方法在煤田勘探中的应用:以河南义马矿区为例[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(3):1054-1062.Wang Wei,Gao Xing,Li Songying,et al. Channel wave tomographymethod and its application in coal mine exploration:An examplefrom Henan Yima mining area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(3):1054-1062.
[2]焦阳,卫金善,窦文武.槽波地震透射法在断层探测中的应用研究[J].山西煤炭,2017,37(1):34-37.Jiao Yang,Wei Jinshan,Dou Wenwu. Application of inseam seis-mic exploration in fault detection[J]. Shanxi Coal,2017,37(1):34-37.
[3]刘天放,潘冬明,李德春,等.槽波地震勘探[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994.
[4]卫金善,张晋武.综合勘探方法在成庄矿井地质构造探测中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2002,14(4):19-21.Wei Jinshan,Zhang Jinwu. Application of comprehensive prospec-ting method on search of geological structure in Chengzhuang Mine[J]. Coal Geology of China,2002,14(4):19-21.
[5]程建远,李淅龙,张广忠,等.煤矿井下地震勘探技术应用现状与发展展望[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(2):76-82.Cheng Jianyuan,Li Xilong,Zhang Guangzhong,et al. Current statusand outlook of seismic exploration applied underground in coalmine[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(2); 76-82.
[6]房立华,吴建平,吕作勇.华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):663-671.Fang Lihua,Wu Jianping,LüZuoyong. Reyleigh wave group veloci-ty tomography from ambient seismic noise in North China[J]. Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):663-671.
[7]何正勤,叶太兰,丁志峰.华北东北部的面波相速度层析成像研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1233-1242.He Zhengqin,Ye Tailan,Ding Zhifeng. Surface wave tomographyfor the phase velocity in the northeastern part of North China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(5):1233-1242.
[8]孙希杰,王静.复杂地表深部采区三维地震勘探技术[J].中国煤炭,2016,42(4):35-38.Sun Xijie,Wang Jing. 3D seismic exploration technology in deepmining area under complicated ground surface[J]. China Coal,2016,42(4):35-38.
[9]汤友谊,陈江峰,彭立世.无线电波坑道透视构造煤的研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,30(7):254-258.Tang Youyi,Chen Jiangfeng,Peng Lishi. Study of tectonic coal byradio-wave pit perspective[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2002,30(7):254-258.
[10]许峰,杨茂林.定向钻探技术在神东矿区防治水中的应用[J].矿业安全与环保,2017,44(1):70-73.Xu Feng,Yang Maolin. Application of directional drilling technolo-gy in water control in Shendong coal mining area[J]. Mining Safe-ty&Environmental Protection,2017,44(1):70-73.
[11]黄国娇,白超英.二维复杂层状介质中地震多波走时联合反演成像[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2972-2987.Huang Guojiao,Bai Chaoying. Simultaneous inversion with multipletrave times within 2-D complex layered media[J]. Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2010,53(12):2972-2987.
[12]刘玉忠.采区槽波探测的适应性分类[J].煤田地质与勘探,1997,25(4):54-57.Liu Yuzhong. The adaptability classification of in seam wave sur-veying in mining districts[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,1997,25(4):54-57.
[13]杨元海.槽波速度谱相对透射系数图法[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(4):53-56.Yang Yuanhai. The method for relative transmittance map of seam-wave velocity spectrum[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,1993,21(4):53-56.
[14]杨真,冯涛,Wang S G. 0. 9 m薄煤层SH型槽波频散特征及波形模型[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):442-449.Yang Zhen,Feng Tao,Wang S G. Dispersion characteristics andwave shape mode of SH channel wave in a 0. 9 m-thin coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):442-449.
[15]张碧星,鲁来玉.用频率—波数法分析瑞利波频散曲线[J].工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4):245-255.Zhang Bixing,Lu Laiyu. Investigation on the dispersion curves ofrayleigh wave by frequency-wave number analysis method[J]. Chi-nese Journal by Engineering Geophysics,2005,2(4):245-255.
[16]潘冬明,胡明顺,崔若飞,等.基于拉东变换的瑞雷面波频散分析与应用[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(11):2760-2766.Pan Dongming,Hu Mingshun,Cui Ruofei,et al. Dispersion analysisof rayleigh surface waves and application based on randon trans-form[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(11):2760-2766.
[17]程久龙. Love型槽波理论地震图的计算[J].山东矿业学院学报,1994,13(4):349-353.Cheng Jiulong. Calculation of theoretical scismograms of Lovechannel waves[J]. Journal of Shandong Mining Institute,1994,13(4):349-353.
[18]潘冬明,刘天放.拉夫型槽波的有限差分合成[J].中国煤田地质,1990,2(2):54-59.Pan Dongming,Liu Tianfang. Love channel wave finite differencesynthesis[J]. Coal Geology of China,1990,2(2):54-59.
[19]杨文强.槽波地震勘探的数学模型研究[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(3):58-60.Yang Wenqiang. Modeling rescarch of channel wave seismic explo-ration[J]. Geology and Prospecting,2001,37(3):58-60.
[20]刘天放,程久龙,潘冬明,等.槽波的吸收衰减[J].煤炭学报,1993,18(5):83-86.Liu Tianfang,Cheng Jiulong,Pan Dongming,et al. Channel waveattenuation by medium absorption[J]. Journal of China Coal Socie-ty,1993,18(5):83-86.
[21]崔岩,王彦飞,杨长春.带先验知识的波阻抗反演正则化方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2135-2141.Cui Yan,Wang Yanfei,Yang Changchun. Regularizing methodwith a priori knowledge for seismic impedance inversion[J]. Chi-nese J Geophys,2009,52(8):2135-2141.
[22]王伟,高星,李松营,等.槽波层析成像方法在煤田勘探中的应用:以河南义马矿区为例[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(3):1054-1062.Wang Wei,Gao Xing,Li Songying,et al. Channel wave tomographymethod and its application in coal mine exploration:An examplefrom Henan Yima mining area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(3):1054-1062.