人群荷载下楼盖结构随机振动分析方法与试验研究
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摘要
在大跨楼盖结构振动舒适度分析中引入人群行走的随机性对揭示人群荷载下结构的随机振动特性和真实响应具有重要意义。围绕该问题,首先建立了基于社会力模型行走的随机人群步行荷载模拟方法,并结合蒙特卡罗法,提出了大跨楼盖时域随机振动分析方法。随后,考虑人群分布、步频、相位等因素的随机性,数值拟合了等效同步人数计算公式,建立了随机振动响应的等效确定性分析方法。最后,开展了楼盖结构模型动力试验,获得该楼盖模型的结构动力特性和随机振动响应,并与数值模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明:随机模拟方法和等效确定性分析方法在各个工况下与楼盖结构模型动力试验的结果的平均误差分别为22.4%和21.50%。对比两种分析方法计算结果的误差,共振工况时随机模拟方法计算误差较对方要小,非共振工况时等效确定性分析方法计算误差则要小,实际工程分析可结合考虑。
It is of great significance to reveal the random vibration characteristics and real response of structures under the crowd load by introducing the randomness of crowd walking when analyzing the vibration comfort of large-span floor.Firstly,random walking load curves based on social force model were generated and then Monte-Carlo method was used to propose the random vibration analysis method of large-span floor in time domain.Secondly,the equivalent synchronous pedestrian formula was fitted by considering the randomness of the population distribution,frequency and phase,and then it is used to establish an equivalent deterministic analysis method of random vibration.Finally,the dynamic test of the floor structure was carried out.The dynamic characteristics of the structure and the random vibration response were obtained,and compared with the results of numerical simulation analysis.The results show that the average errors between the dynamic test results of the floor structure and the stochastic simulation method,and between the dynamic test results and the equivalent deterministic analysis method are 22.79% and 21.50%,respectively.By comparision,it is shown that the error of stochastic simulation method is less under resonance conditions,while the error of equivalent deterministic analysis method is less under non-resonance conditions.Thus,it is suggested to combine these methods when considering practical engineering problems.
It is of great significance to reveal the random vibration characteristics and real response of structures under the crowd load by introducing the randomness of crowd walking when analyzing the vibration comfort of large-span floor.Firstly,random walking load curves based on social force model were generated and then Monte-Carlo method was used to propose the random vibration analysis method of large-span floor in time domain.Secondly,the equivalent synchronous pedestrian formula was fitted by considering the randomness of the population distribution,frequency and phase,and then it is used to establish an equivalent deterministic analysis method of random vibration.Finally,the dynamic test of the floor structure was carried out.The dynamic characteristics of the structure and the random vibration response were obtained,and compared with the results of numerical simulation analysis.The results show that the average errors between the dynamic test results of the floor structure and the stochastic simulation method,and between the dynamic test results and the equivalent deterministic analysis method are 22.79% and 21.50%,respectively.By comparision,it is shown that the error of stochastic simulation method is less under resonance conditions,while the error of equivalent deterministic analysis method is less under non-resonance conditions.Thus,it is suggested to combine these methods when considering practical engineering problems.
引文
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[23]Lakoba T I,Kaup D J,Finkelstein N M.Modifications of the helbing-molnár-farkas-vicsek social force,model for pedestrian evolution[J].Simulation Transactions of the Society for Modeling&Simulation International,2005,81(5):339-352.
[24]汪蕾,蔡云,徐青.社会力模型的改进研究[J].南京理工大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(01):144-149.WANG Lei,CAI Yun,XU Qing.Modifications to social force model[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2011,35(01):144-149.
[25]Helbing D,Farkas I,Vicsek T.Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J].Nature,2000,(407):487-490.
[26]中华人民共和国国家标准.《中国成年人人体尺寸》(GB/T 10000-1988)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1988.PRC National Standard.Human dimension of Chinese adults(GB/T 10000-1988)[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1988.
[2]JONES CA,REYNOLDS P,PAVICA.Vibration serviceability of stadia structures subjected to dynamic crowd loads:a literature review[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330(8):1531-1566.
[3]Enrique de la Fuente.An efficient procedure to obtain exact solutions in random vibration analysis of linear structures[J].Engineering Structure,2008,30:2981-2990.
[4]Gao Wei,Zhang Nong,Ji Jinchen.A new method for random vibration analysis of stochastic truss structures[J].Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,2009,45:190-199.
[5]潘宁.人行荷载下楼板振动响应舒适度研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2012.Pan Ning.Research on floor vibration response under walking loads for service ability[D].Beijing:China A-cademy of Building Research,2012.
[6]聂建国,陈宇,樊健生.步行荷载作用下单跨人行桥振动的均方根加速度反应谱法[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(09):109-116,130.Nie Jianguo,Chen Yu,Fan Jiansheng.RMS acceleration response spectrum method for single-span footbridges under pedestrian load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(09):109-116,130.
[7]宋志刚,金伟良.行走作用下梁板结构振动舒适度的烦恼率分析[J].振动工程学报,2005,18(03):288-292.SONG Zhi-gang,JIN Wei-liang.Vibration serviceability analysis of floor structures under pedestrian loads[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering.2005,18(03):288-292.
[8]陈鑫,李爱群,张志强,等.随机人群荷载下大型火车站房大跨楼盖减振设计与分析[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(03):543-547.Chen Xin,Li Aiqun,Zhang Zhiqiang,et al.Design and analysis on Vibration control of long span floor in large station room under stochastic crowd induced excitation[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(03):543-547.
[9]韩小雷,陈学伟,毛贵牛,等.基于人群行走仿真的楼板振动分析方法及反应谱公式推导[J].建筑科学,2009,25(5):4-9.Han Xiaolei,Chen Xuewei,Mao Guiniu,et al.Research on analysis method for floor vibration and formula derivation of response spectra based on simulation of crowd walking[J].Building Science,2009,25(5):4-9.
[10]Hamam A S.Measuring and modeling dynamic loads imposed by moving crowds[D].Norman:The University of Oklahoma,1994.
[11]钱晓斌.行走作下结构振动的响应谱分析方法及人群作分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.Qian Xiaobin.Acceleration response spectrum method of structure under pedestrian excitation and the analysis of crowd excitation[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2005.
[12]Singh B N,Singh B N,Bisht A K S,et al.Nonlinear free vibration analysis of composite plates with material uncertainties:A Monte Carlo simulation approach[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,324:126-138.
[13]Matsumoto Y,Nishioka T,Shiojiri H,et al.Dynamic design of footbridges[C].IABSE Proceedings,1978:1-15.
[14]袁旭斌.人行桥人致振动特性研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.Yuan Xubin.Research on pedestrian-induced vibration of footbridge[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.
[15]Mouring S E.Dynamic response of floor systems to building occupant activities[D].Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University,1992.
[16]杨小丁.复杂结构人行激励动力响应及舒适度研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.Yang Xiaoding.Study on dynamic response and comforrt analisis under human activity[D].Changsha:Central South University,2012.
[17]张思功,杨娜.楼板人致振动中单人行走荷载加载方法对比[J].北京交通大学学报,2013,(01):152-156+161.Zhang Sigong,YANG Na.Comparison of loading method of floor vibration due to individual walking[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2013,(01):152-156+161.
[18]Kerr S,Bishop N.Human induced loading on flexible staircases[J].Engineering Structures,2001,23:37-45.
[19]魏结强.单人行走荷载模拟及大跨楼盖振动响应与控制研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.Wei Jieqiang.Simulation of single human walking load and human-induced vibration response and control for large-span floors[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[20]Allen D E.Murray T.M.Design criterion for vibration due to walking[J].Engineering Journal,4th Qtr.,AISC,1993,30(04):117-121.
[21]史贺旺.基于社会力模型的穿越瓶颈行人流行为与策略研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2014.Shi Hewang.Research on behaviors and strategies of pedestaian flow through bottleneck based on social force model[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2014.
[22]Helbing D,Molnar P.A study of simulation model far social force model for pedestrian dynamics[J].Journal of Arc Phys.Rev.E,1995,51(5):4248-4286.
[23]Lakoba T I,Kaup D J,Finkelstein N M.Modifications of the helbing-molnár-farkas-vicsek social force,model for pedestrian evolution[J].Simulation Transactions of the Society for Modeling&Simulation International,2005,81(5):339-352.
[24]汪蕾,蔡云,徐青.社会力模型的改进研究[J].南京理工大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(01):144-149.WANG Lei,CAI Yun,XU Qing.Modifications to social force model[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2011,35(01):144-149.
[25]Helbing D,Farkas I,Vicsek T.Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J].Nature,2000,(407):487-490.
[26]中华人民共和国国家标准.《中国成年人人体尺寸》(GB/T 10000-1988)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1988.PRC National Standard.Human dimension of Chinese adults(GB/T 10000-1988)[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1988.