民俗学中本真性话语的根源、局限及超越
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摘要
民俗学中本真性话语的社会根源,是现代社会的某些群体(主要是中产阶级)对现代性所带来的社会异化的反思和反抗,这构成了学者的民俗研究和大众的民俗主义的共同根源。民俗学中的重要主题如个人本真性、共同体和手工美学等,是自我异化、社会异化和技术异化的反抗性想象。但由于其缺乏唯物主义视野,这一反抗的效用是有限的。只有在正视异化现实、变革异化现实的社会实践基础上,才有可能真正实现个人的本真性。
The social root of the authenticity in folklore studies is the reflection and resistance of certain groups(mainly the middle class)to the social alienation brought about by modernity,which constitutes the common root of the folklore studies of scholars and the folklorismus of the masses.The key topics in folklore studies,such as personal authenticity,community and manual aesthetics,are the resistant imaginations of alienation of individual,society and technology.However,because of its idealistic vision,the effect of this resistance is questionable.Only on the basis of the social practice of facing the reality of alienation and transforming it can it be possible to truly realize the individual authenticity.
The social root of the authenticity in folklore studies is the reflection and resistance of certain groups(mainly the middle class)to the social alienation brought about by modernity,which constitutes the common root of the folklore studies of scholars and the folklorismus of the masses.The key topics in folklore studies,such as personal authenticity,community and manual aesthetics,are the resistant imaginations of alienation of individual,society and technology.However,because of its idealistic vision,the effect of this resistance is questionable.Only on the basis of the social practice of facing the reality of alienation and transforming it can it be possible to truly realize the individual authenticity.
引文
(1)如英国学者昂巴克(Maiken Umbach)和汉弗莱(Mathew Humphrey)指出的,“自由、公正或义务的概念只有我们已经拥有一个关于人类生活是什么以及应该如何的观念,才是可理解的”,参阅Maiken Umbach and Mathew Humphrey,Authenticity:The Cultural History of a Political Concept,Palgrave Macmillan,2018,p.2,p.5.
(2)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.7.
(3)Trent Schroyer,“Foreword”,in Theodor W.Adorno,The Jargon of Authenticity.trans.Knut Tarnowski and Frederic Will,Northwestern University Press,1973,p.ⅶ.
(4)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第115页。
(5)[德]马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,人民出版社,1985年,第47-48页。
(6)[德]马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,人民出版社,1985年,第50页。
(7)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第132-133页。
(8)[德]瑞吉娜·本迪克丝:《本真性》,李扬译,《民间文化论坛》2006年第4期,第2页。
(9)Giuseppe Cocchiara,The History of Folklore in Europe,Institute for the Study of Human Issues,trans.John N.Mcdaniel,1981,p.237,pp.239-240,p.292.
(10)[德]马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,人民出版社,1985年,第56页。
(11)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第129-130页。
(12)Maiken Umbach,Mathew Humphrey,Authenticity:The Cultural History of a Political Concept,Palgrave Macmillan,2018,p.4.
(13)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.102.
(14)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第172页。
(15)比如,“我也确实认为,外婆用石磨推出来的豆腐比市场上买的好吃。对于每一份食物,经过双手的温度,会好过冰冷的机器”。李育蒙:《手工的魅力:工匠精神让产品更有温度》,载腾讯网“腾讯文化”2016-05-18,http://cul.qq.com/a/20160518/039169.htm.
(16)Somogy Varga,Authenticity as an Ethical Ideal,Routledge,2012,p.4.
(17)转引自[德]赫尔曼·鲍辛格《技术世界中的民间文化》,户晓辉译,广西师范大学出版社,2014年,第32页。
(18)[德]赫尔曼·鲍辛格:《技术世界中的民间文化》,户晓辉译,广西师范大学出版社,2014年,第36页。
(19)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.84.
(20)Giuseppe Cocchiara,The History of Folklore in Europe,Institute for the Study of Human Issues,trans.John N.Mcdaniel,1981,p.42,p.124.
(21)如《充满生机的风物:为什么我们留在小地方?》(1933),载[德]马丁·海德格尔:《思的经验》,陈春文译,人民出版社,2008年。
(22)Theodor W.Adorno,The Jargon of Authenticity.trans.Knut Tarnowski and Frederic Will,Northwestern University Press,1973,p.59,p.50.
(23)Giuseppe Cocchiara,The History of Folklore in Europe,Institute for the Study of Human Issues,trans.John N.Mcdaniel,1981,p.158,p.177,p.209,p.254,p.261,p.177.
(24)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.71.
(25)Peter E.Gordon,Adorno and Existence,Harvard University Press,2016,p.96.
(26)Somogy Varga,Authenticity as an Ethical Ideal,Routledge,2012,p.6.
(27)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.17.
(28)Jacob Golomb,In Search of Authenticity:From Kierkegaard to Camus,Routledge,1995,pp.56-58.
(29)Peter E.Gordon,Adorno and Existence,Harvard University Press,2016,p.85.
(30)Somogy Varga,Authenticity as an Ethical Ideal,Routledge,2012,p.6.
(31)[捷克斯洛伐克]卡莱尔·科西克:《具体的辩证法——关于人与世界问题的研究》,刘玉贤译,黑龙江大学出版社,2015年,第61页。
(32)[捷克斯洛伐克]卡莱尔·科西克:《具体的辩证法——关于人与世界问题的研究》,刘玉贤译,黑龙江大学出版社,2015年,第62页。
(33)Jacob Golomb,In Search of Authenticity:From Kierkegaard to Camus,Routledge,1995,p.91.
(1)主要表现在中国现代民俗学对浪漫主义、民粹主义以及对传统文化中相关思想的接受,如“对乡村生活的浪漫主义观点”,对冯梦龙的歌谣真情说的继承,参见[美]洪长泰《到民间去:1918到1937年的中国知识分子与民间文学运动》,董晓萍译,上海文艺出版社,1993年,第22-29、44-52页。
(2)参见刘晓春《谁的原生态?为何本真性?——非物质文化遗产语境下的原生态现象分析》,《学术研究》2008年第2期。
(3)Nicholas Osbaldiston,Seeking Authenticity in Place,Culture,and the Self:The Great Urban Escape,Palgrave Macmillan,2012.
(2)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.7.
(3)Trent Schroyer,“Foreword”,in Theodor W.Adorno,The Jargon of Authenticity.trans.Knut Tarnowski and Frederic Will,Northwestern University Press,1973,p.ⅶ.
(4)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第115页。
(5)[德]马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,人民出版社,1985年,第47-48页。
(6)[德]马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,人民出版社,1985年,第50页。
(7)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第132-133页。
(8)[德]瑞吉娜·本迪克丝:《本真性》,李扬译,《民间文化论坛》2006年第4期,第2页。
(9)Giuseppe Cocchiara,The History of Folklore in Europe,Institute for the Study of Human Issues,trans.John N.Mcdaniel,1981,p.237,pp.239-240,p.292.
(10)[德]马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,人民出版社,1985年,第56页。
(11)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第129-130页。
(12)Maiken Umbach,Mathew Humphrey,Authenticity:The Cultural History of a Political Concept,Palgrave Macmillan,2018,p.4.
(13)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.102.
(14)[美]弗洛姆:《健全的社会》,孙恺祥译,贵州人民出版社,1994年,第172页。
(15)比如,“我也确实认为,外婆用石磨推出来的豆腐比市场上买的好吃。对于每一份食物,经过双手的温度,会好过冰冷的机器”。李育蒙:《手工的魅力:工匠精神让产品更有温度》,载腾讯网“腾讯文化”2016-05-18,http://cul.qq.com/a/20160518/039169.htm.
(16)Somogy Varga,Authenticity as an Ethical Ideal,Routledge,2012,p.4.
(17)转引自[德]赫尔曼·鲍辛格《技术世界中的民间文化》,户晓辉译,广西师范大学出版社,2014年,第32页。
(18)[德]赫尔曼·鲍辛格:《技术世界中的民间文化》,户晓辉译,广西师范大学出版社,2014年,第36页。
(19)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.84.
(20)Giuseppe Cocchiara,The History of Folklore in Europe,Institute for the Study of Human Issues,trans.John N.Mcdaniel,1981,p.42,p.124.
(21)如《充满生机的风物:为什么我们留在小地方?》(1933),载[德]马丁·海德格尔:《思的经验》,陈春文译,人民出版社,2008年。
(22)Theodor W.Adorno,The Jargon of Authenticity.trans.Knut Tarnowski and Frederic Will,Northwestern University Press,1973,p.59,p.50.
(23)Giuseppe Cocchiara,The History of Folklore in Europe,Institute for the Study of Human Issues,trans.John N.Mcdaniel,1981,p.158,p.177,p.209,p.254,p.261,p.177.
(24)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.71.
(25)Peter E.Gordon,Adorno and Existence,Harvard University Press,2016,p.96.
(26)Somogy Varga,Authenticity as an Ethical Ideal,Routledge,2012,p.6.
(27)Regina Bendix,In Search of Authenticity:The Formation of Folklore Studies,University of Wisconsin Press,1997,p.17.
(28)Jacob Golomb,In Search of Authenticity:From Kierkegaard to Camus,Routledge,1995,pp.56-58.
(29)Peter E.Gordon,Adorno and Existence,Harvard University Press,2016,p.85.
(30)Somogy Varga,Authenticity as an Ethical Ideal,Routledge,2012,p.6.
(31)[捷克斯洛伐克]卡莱尔·科西克:《具体的辩证法——关于人与世界问题的研究》,刘玉贤译,黑龙江大学出版社,2015年,第61页。
(32)[捷克斯洛伐克]卡莱尔·科西克:《具体的辩证法——关于人与世界问题的研究》,刘玉贤译,黑龙江大学出版社,2015年,第62页。
(33)Jacob Golomb,In Search of Authenticity:From Kierkegaard to Camus,Routledge,1995,p.91.
(1)主要表现在中国现代民俗学对浪漫主义、民粹主义以及对传统文化中相关思想的接受,如“对乡村生活的浪漫主义观点”,对冯梦龙的歌谣真情说的继承,参见[美]洪长泰《到民间去:1918到1937年的中国知识分子与民间文学运动》,董晓萍译,上海文艺出版社,1993年,第22-29、44-52页。
(2)参见刘晓春《谁的原生态?为何本真性?——非物质文化遗产语境下的原生态现象分析》,《学术研究》2008年第2期。
(3)Nicholas Osbaldiston,Seeking Authenticity in Place,Culture,and the Self:The Great Urban Escape,Palgrave Macmillan,2012.