铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术的现状与展望
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摘要
搅拌摩擦焊作为一种新型固相连接技术,具有优质、高效、节能、环境友好等优点,近年来在铝合金的焊接领域得到了成功的应用。综述了目前可实现铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接的主要结构形式,分析了各结构的工艺特征、微观组织、焊接缺陷以及力学性能等。研究现状表明,通过焊接工艺参数的优化,可以获得高质量的具有对接属性(对接、环焊缝等)的焊接接头,然而在具有搭接属性结构的焊接(搭接、对-搭结构、角接及T型结构等)中,很难消除接头中由于搭接面的存在而引起的钩状缺陷和冷搭接缺陷等,因此仍有待于进一步的深入研究。此外,对未来铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究方向进行了展望。
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new solid-state joining process, which has the advantages of high quality, high efficiency, environment friendly and energy saving. In recent years, it has been successfully used in the welding of Al alloy.The main structure forms of FSW of Al alloy were summarized, and the process characteristic, microstructure, welding defect and mechanical properties of each structure were analyzed. The research status shows that high-quality FSW joints with butt attributes(butt, circumferential weld, etc.) can be obtained by optimizing the welding process parameters. However, in FSW joints structure with lapped attributes (lapped, butt-lapped, fillet and T-joint structure etc.), the defects such as hook and cold lapped defects are difficult to eliminate because of the existence of the lapped surface. So it remains to be studied further. In addition, the future research direction of Al alloy FSW technology was prospected.
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new solid-state joining process, which has the advantages of high quality, high efficiency, environment friendly and energy saving. In recent years, it has been successfully used in the welding of Al alloy.The main structure forms of FSW of Al alloy were summarized, and the process characteristic, microstructure, welding defect and mechanical properties of each structure were analyzed. The research status shows that high-quality FSW joints with butt attributes(butt, circumferential weld, etc.) can be obtained by optimizing the welding process parameters. However, in FSW joints structure with lapped attributes (lapped, butt-lapped, fillet and T-joint structure etc.), the defects such as hook and cold lapped defects are difficult to eliminate because of the existence of the lapped surface. So it remains to be studied further. In addition, the future research direction of Al alloy FSW technology was prospected.
引文
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[25]Salari E,Jahazi M,Khodabandeh A,et al.Influence of tool geometry and rotational speed on mechanical properties and defect formation in friction stir lap welded 5456 aluminum alloy sheets[J].Materials and Design,2014,58(6):381-389.
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[27]胡文浩,刘春宁,王广英.高速动车组铝合金车体长大型材关键焊接技术研究[J].焊接技术,2013,42(5):32-36.
[28]吴志明,吴坚定,马正斌,等.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊对搭接接头Hook缺陷研究[J].航空制造技术,2014,460(16):57-60.
[29]张欣盟,何广忠,张行,等.6005A铝合金型材搅拌摩擦焊未焊合缺陷的搅拌摩擦补焊研究[J].焊接,2016(11):37-40.
[30]李红.城轨铝合金车体侧墙搅拌摩擦焊技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[31]宋友宝,杨新岐,崔雷,等.异种高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的缺陷和拉伸性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(5):1167-1174.
[32]李博,黎海洋,沈以赴.异种铝合金单层板与双层板对搭接搅拌摩擦焊[J].电焊机,2011,41(10):48-51.
[33]王卫兵,李光,栾国红.6005A-T6侧墙板搅拌摩擦焊接头性能研究[J].焊接,2011(5):20-24.
[34]姚俊歌,贺地求,赖瑞林,等.采用FSW与MIG工艺补焊6005A-T6铝合金的接头力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(3):589-594.
[35]贺地求,邓航,周鹏展,等.一种搅拌摩擦角接外侧焊焊接方法:1810433.A[P].2006.
[36]马慧坤,贺地求,刘金书.2519铝合金角接结构的搅拌摩擦焊[J].焊接学报,2011,32(8):73-76.
[37]范开春,郭辉荣,李宝华,等.焊接方式对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊T型接头性能的影响[J].宇航材料工艺,2013,43(3):81-83.
[38]侯晓鹏,杨新岐,崔雷,等.6061-T4铝合金T型接头搅拌摩擦焊工艺[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(11):3048-3055.
[39]蒋圣.6061-T6铝合金T型接头搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺及组织性能研究[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2016.
[40]李然,贺地求,王海军.7A09铝合金搅拌摩擦环焊接头组织与性能[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(13):27-29.
[2]刘明辉.铝合金中刃型位错与合金元素相互作用的分子动力学模拟研究[D].北京:北京有色金属研究总院,2015.
[3]许飞,陈俐,何恩光,等.2024-T4铝合金光纤激光填丝焊缝成形与组织性能的相关性[J].材料工程,2017,45(11):90-95.
[4]Navaser M,Atapour M.Effect of friction stir processing on pitting corrosion and intergranular attack of 7075 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2017(2):155-165.
[5]Cai B,Zheng Z Q,He D Q,et al.Friction stir weld of 2060Al-Cu-Li alloy:microstructure and mechanical properties[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,649:19-27.
[6]Mroczka K,Wójcicka A,Pietras A.Characteristics of dissimilar FSW of aluminum alloys 2017A and 7075 based on multiple layer research[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2013,22(9):2698-2705.
[7]Jolu T L,Morgeneyer T F,Denquin A,et al.Fatigue lifetime and tearing resistance of AA2198 Al-Cu-Li alloy friction stir welds:effect of defects[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2015,70:463-472.
[8]曹丽杰.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接缺陷的研究进展[J].表面技术,2009,38(3):68-71.
[9]Genevois C,Deschamps A,Denquin A,et al.Quantitative investigation of precipitation and mechanical behavior for AA2024friction stir welds[J].Acta Materialia,2005,53(8):2447-2458.
[10]Hao H L,Ni D R,Zhang Z,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Er sheets jointed by friction stir welding[J].Materials and Design,2013,52(12):706-712.
[11]Jin H,Saimoto S,Ball M,et al.Characterisation of microstructure and texture in friction stir welded joints of 5754 and5182 aluminium alloy sheets[J].Metal Science Journal,2013,17(12):1605-1614.
[12]Fonda R W,Bingert J F.Microstructural evolution in the heat-affected zone of a friction stir weld[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2004,35(5):1487-1499.
[13]Heinz B,Skrotzki B.Characterization of a friction-stir-welded aluminum alloy 6013[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2002,33(3):489-498.
[14]Feng A H,Chen D L,Ma Z Y.Microstructure and low-cycle fatigue of a friction-stir-welded 6061 aluminum alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2010,41(10):2626-2641.
[15]Ren S R,Ma Z Y,Chen L Q.Effect of welding parameters on tensile properties and fracture behavior of friction stir welded Al-Mg-Si alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2007,56(1):69-72.
[16]Zhou C,Yang X,Luan G.Fatigue properties of friction stir welds in Al 5083 alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2005,53(10):1187-1191.
[17]王国庆,赵衍华,杜岩峰,等.铝合金搭接结构的搅拌摩擦焊接技术[J].航空制造技术,2017,529(10):91-98.
[18]黄凌骄,孟立春,曲文卿.7N01铝合金厚板搭接搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2017,46(3):189-191.
[19]岳玉梅,周振鲁,姬书得,等.半螺纹搅拌针对2024铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊力学性能影响[J].焊接学报,2016,37(10):69-72.
[20]Liu H,Zhao Y,Hu Y,et al.Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welding joint of Al clad7B04-T74 aluminum alloy[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2015,78(9-12):1415-1425.
[21]Shirazi H,Kheirandish S,Safarkhanian M A.Effect of process parameters on the macrostructure and defect formation in friction stir lap welding of AA5456 aluminum alloy[J].Measurement,2015,76:62-69.
[22]Fadaeifard F,Matori K A,Toozandehjani M,et al.Influence of rotational speed on mechanical properties of friction stir lap welded6061-T6 Al alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):1004-1011.
[23]Yazdanian S,Chen Z W,Littlefair G.Effects of friction stir lap welding parameters on weld features on advancing side and fracture strength of AA6060-T5 welds[J].Journal of Materials Science,2012,47(3):1251-1261.
[24]Ramachandran K K,Murugan N,Kumar S S.Effect of tool axis offset and geometry of tool pin profile on the characteristics of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of aluminum alloy AA5052 and HSLA steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,639:219-233.
[25]Salari E,Jahazi M,Khodabandeh A,et al.Influence of tool geometry and rotational speed on mechanical properties and defect formation in friction stir lap welded 5456 aluminum alloy sheets[J].Materials and Design,2014,58(6):381-389.
[26]Yu H.Welding parameters,distortion and mechanical properties of AA7075 lap joints in SSFSW[D].Columbia:University of South Carolina,2013.
[27]胡文浩,刘春宁,王广英.高速动车组铝合金车体长大型材关键焊接技术研究[J].焊接技术,2013,42(5):32-36.
[28]吴志明,吴坚定,马正斌,等.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊对搭接接头Hook缺陷研究[J].航空制造技术,2014,460(16):57-60.
[29]张欣盟,何广忠,张行,等.6005A铝合金型材搅拌摩擦焊未焊合缺陷的搅拌摩擦补焊研究[J].焊接,2016(11):37-40.
[30]李红.城轨铝合金车体侧墙搅拌摩擦焊技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[31]宋友宝,杨新岐,崔雷,等.异种高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的缺陷和拉伸性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(5):1167-1174.
[32]李博,黎海洋,沈以赴.异种铝合金单层板与双层板对搭接搅拌摩擦焊[J].电焊机,2011,41(10):48-51.
[33]王卫兵,李光,栾国红.6005A-T6侧墙板搅拌摩擦焊接头性能研究[J].焊接,2011(5):20-24.
[34]姚俊歌,贺地求,赖瑞林,等.采用FSW与MIG工艺补焊6005A-T6铝合金的接头力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(3):589-594.
[35]贺地求,邓航,周鹏展,等.一种搅拌摩擦角接外侧焊焊接方法:1810433.A[P].2006.
[36]马慧坤,贺地求,刘金书.2519铝合金角接结构的搅拌摩擦焊[J].焊接学报,2011,32(8):73-76.
[37]范开春,郭辉荣,李宝华,等.焊接方式对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊T型接头性能的影响[J].宇航材料工艺,2013,43(3):81-83.
[38]侯晓鹏,杨新岐,崔雷,等.6061-T4铝合金T型接头搅拌摩擦焊工艺[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(11):3048-3055.
[39]蒋圣.6061-T6铝合金T型接头搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺及组织性能研究[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2016.
[40]李然,贺地求,王海军.7A09铝合金搅拌摩擦环焊接头组织与性能[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(13):27-29.