2000-2014年徐州地区土壤侵蚀的变化趋势
|
摘要
[目的]精确估算江苏省徐州市黄泛平原及丘陵地区土壤侵蚀量并探究其时空变化规律,为区域水土流失监测和防治提供合理依据。[方法]应用USLE模型计算出徐州黄泛平原和丘陵地区2000—2014年的土壤侵蚀模数,逐年统计侵蚀模数的最大值、平均值,不同等级侵蚀面积,分析这些指标15a间的变化规律,并计算出多年来侵蚀模数的回归系数分布,从时间尺度和空间尺度阐述徐州地区土壤侵蚀程度的变化规律。[结果](1)徐州黄泛平原和丘陵地区的土壤侵蚀以轻度(排除微度)侵蚀为主,其中丘陵地区侵蚀具有带状分布特征,并且侵蚀等级跨度更大;(2)徐州地区的水土流失在逐渐减弱,其中丘陵地区的侵蚀减弱程度和显著性大于黄泛平原;(3)各等级侵蚀面积随侵蚀程度的加重逐级递减,黄泛平原极强度侵蚀面积控制在5%以内,丘陵地区极强度侵蚀面积控制在10%以内,两区域剧烈侵蚀均得到了遏制;(4)侵蚀减弱程度较大的地区多分布于各河流域及湖泊周围,并且变化显著性强的区域也多分布于各河流附近。[结论]多年来徐州地区土壤侵蚀程度总体上有所减弱,各河流域侵蚀减弱尤为明显,但在黄泛平原的某些地区侵蚀仍在加重,徐州市有关部门应在这些区域加强防治力度。
[Objective]To accurately estimate the amount of soil erosion in flood plain of the Yellow River and hilly regions of Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,and explore its temporal and spatial variation,in order to provide reasonable basis for the monitoring and prevention of soil erosion in the region.[Methods]We used USLE model to calculate the soil erosion modulus in flood plain of the Yellow River and the hilly area in Xuzhou City from 2000 to 2014.The maximum,average and grades of the erosion modulus were statistically calculated,and the variation regularity of these indexes over 15 years was analyzed.The regression coefficient image of erosion modulus over the years was calculated,and the variation of soil erosion degree in Xuzhou City was revealed at temporal and spatial scale.[Results](1) Soil erosion in flood plain of the Yellow River and the hilly area of Xuzhou City was dominated by mild erosion,and the erosion in the hilly area showed a zonal distribution with greater erosion grade range.(2) Soil and water loss in the Xuzhou City area was gradually weakening,and the intensity and significance of erosion in the hilly area was greater than that in flood plain.(3) The eroded area at each level decreased gradually with the increase of the erosion degree.The extremely intensive erosion area in the flood plain was controlled within 5%,while the erosion area of the extreme intensive in the hill area was controlled within 10%,and the severe erosion in both areas was contained.(4) The areas with greater erosion reduction were mostly distributed around river and lakes,and the regions with significant variations were also distributed near the rivers.[Conclusion]The intensity of soil erosion in Xuzhou City has been weakened over the years,especially in the river basin.However,in some areas of the flood plain,erosion is still increasing.The relevant departments in Xuzhou City should strengthen prevention and control efforts in these areas.
[Objective]To accurately estimate the amount of soil erosion in flood plain of the Yellow River and hilly regions of Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,and explore its temporal and spatial variation,in order to provide reasonable basis for the monitoring and prevention of soil erosion in the region.[Methods]We used USLE model to calculate the soil erosion modulus in flood plain of the Yellow River and the hilly area in Xuzhou City from 2000 to 2014.The maximum,average and grades of the erosion modulus were statistically calculated,and the variation regularity of these indexes over 15 years was analyzed.The regression coefficient image of erosion modulus over the years was calculated,and the variation of soil erosion degree in Xuzhou City was revealed at temporal and spatial scale.[Results](1) Soil erosion in flood plain of the Yellow River and the hilly area of Xuzhou City was dominated by mild erosion,and the erosion in the hilly area showed a zonal distribution with greater erosion grade range.(2) Soil and water loss in the Xuzhou City area was gradually weakening,and the intensity and significance of erosion in the hilly area was greater than that in flood plain.(3) The eroded area at each level decreased gradually with the increase of the erosion degree.The extremely intensive erosion area in the flood plain was controlled within 5%,while the erosion area of the extreme intensive in the hill area was controlled within 10%,and the severe erosion in both areas was contained.(4) The areas with greater erosion reduction were mostly distributed around river and lakes,and the regions with significant variations were also distributed near the rivers.[Conclusion]The intensity of soil erosion in Xuzhou City has been weakened over the years,especially in the river basin.However,in some areas of the flood plain,erosion is still increasing.The relevant departments in Xuzhou City should strengthen prevention and control efforts in these areas.
引文
[1]段炼.三峡区域新人居环境建设研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2011.
[2]Dotterweich M.The history of human-induced soil erosion:Geomorphic legacies,early descriptions and research,and the development of soil conservation:A global synopsis[J].Geomorphology,2013,201(4):1-34.
[3]中华人民共和国水利部.全国水土保持规划(2015-2030年)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015.
[4]Wischmeier W H,Mannering J V.Relation of soil properties ro its erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of American Proceedings,1969,33(1):131-137.
[5]Beguería S,Serranonotivoli R,Tomasburguera M.Computation of rainfall erosivity from daily precipitation amounts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,637/638:359-373.
[6]Wu Xinliang,Wei Yujie,Wang Junguang,et al.RUSLEerodibility of heavy-textured soils as affected by soil type,erosional degradation,and rainfall intensity:Afield simulation[J].Land Degradation&Development,2017,29(3):408-421.
[7]Zhang Hongming,Wei Jicheng,Yang Qinke,et al.An improved method for calculating slope length(λ)and the LSparameters of the revised universal soil loss equation for large watersheds[J].Geoderma,2017,308:36-45.
[8]Bambang S.The effect of choosing three different C factor formulae derived from NDVI on a fully raster-based erosion modelling[C]∥2nd International Conference of Indonesian Society for Remote Sensing(ICOIRS),2016.
[9]Panagos P,Borrelli P,Meusburger K,et al.Modelling the effect of support practices(P-factor)on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European scale[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2015,51:23-34.
[10]周夏飞,马国霞,曹国志,等.基于USLE模型的2001-2015年江西省土壤侵蚀变化研究[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):8-11,17.
[11]张超,陈国建,李春娟,等.基于USLE模型的重庆生态涵养发展区土壤侵蚀量估算[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):33-38.
[12]徐州市水利局.徐州市水土保持规划(2014-2030年)[S].徐州:徐州市水利局,2015.
[13]陈晓燕.GIS技术在通用土壤流失方程中的应用研究[J].中国水土保持,2005(5):38-39,51.
[14]赵磊,袁国林,张琰,等.基于GIS和USLE模型对滇池宝象河流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(3):42-46.
[15]Wischmeier W H.Use and misuse of the universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1976,31(5/6):554-559.
[16]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002(6):705-711.
[17]Sharpley A N,Williams J R.EPIC-erosion/productivity impact calculator(1):Model determination[C]∥United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,1990:206-207.
[18]张科利,彭文英,杨红丽.中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算[J].土壤学报,2007(1):7-13.
[19]陈学兄.基于遥感与GIS的中国水土流失定量评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[20]Park S,Oh C,Jeon S,et al.Soil erosion risk in Korean watersheds,assessed using the revised universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,399(3):263-273.
[21]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[22]方广玲,香宝,赵卫,等.基于GIS和RUSLE的拉萨河流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):6-12.
[23]张曦.一元线性回归分析在工程技术经济领域中的应用[J].建筑经济,2009(S1):253-256.
[24]中华人民共和国水利部.SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社2007.
[25]靳长兴.坡度在坡面侵蚀中的作用[J].地理研究,1996,15(3):57-63.
[26]杨静,庄家尧,张金池.基于RS和GIS的徐州市20年间土地利用变化研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(2):85-91.
[27]胡利强.广东省中小河流河道治理工程水土保持方案编制要点[J].广东水利水电,2014(8):116-118,127.
[2]Dotterweich M.The history of human-induced soil erosion:Geomorphic legacies,early descriptions and research,and the development of soil conservation:A global synopsis[J].Geomorphology,2013,201(4):1-34.
[3]中华人民共和国水利部.全国水土保持规划(2015-2030年)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015.
[4]Wischmeier W H,Mannering J V.Relation of soil properties ro its erodibility[J].Soil Science Society of American Proceedings,1969,33(1):131-137.
[5]Beguería S,Serranonotivoli R,Tomasburguera M.Computation of rainfall erosivity from daily precipitation amounts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,637/638:359-373.
[6]Wu Xinliang,Wei Yujie,Wang Junguang,et al.RUSLEerodibility of heavy-textured soils as affected by soil type,erosional degradation,and rainfall intensity:Afield simulation[J].Land Degradation&Development,2017,29(3):408-421.
[7]Zhang Hongming,Wei Jicheng,Yang Qinke,et al.An improved method for calculating slope length(λ)and the LSparameters of the revised universal soil loss equation for large watersheds[J].Geoderma,2017,308:36-45.
[8]Bambang S.The effect of choosing three different C factor formulae derived from NDVI on a fully raster-based erosion modelling[C]∥2nd International Conference of Indonesian Society for Remote Sensing(ICOIRS),2016.
[9]Panagos P,Borrelli P,Meusburger K,et al.Modelling the effect of support practices(P-factor)on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European scale[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2015,51:23-34.
[10]周夏飞,马国霞,曹国志,等.基于USLE模型的2001-2015年江西省土壤侵蚀变化研究[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):8-11,17.
[11]张超,陈国建,李春娟,等.基于USLE模型的重庆生态涵养发展区土壤侵蚀量估算[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):33-38.
[12]徐州市水利局.徐州市水土保持规划(2014-2030年)[S].徐州:徐州市水利局,2015.
[13]陈晓燕.GIS技术在通用土壤流失方程中的应用研究[J].中国水土保持,2005(5):38-39,51.
[14]赵磊,袁国林,张琰,等.基于GIS和USLE模型对滇池宝象河流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(3):42-46.
[15]Wischmeier W H.Use and misuse of the universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1976,31(5/6):554-559.
[16]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002(6):705-711.
[17]Sharpley A N,Williams J R.EPIC-erosion/productivity impact calculator(1):Model determination[C]∥United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,1990:206-207.
[18]张科利,彭文英,杨红丽.中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算[J].土壤学报,2007(1):7-13.
[19]陈学兄.基于遥感与GIS的中国水土流失定量评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[20]Park S,Oh C,Jeon S,et al.Soil erosion risk in Korean watersheds,assessed using the revised universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,399(3):263-273.
[21]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[22]方广玲,香宝,赵卫,等.基于GIS和RUSLE的拉萨河流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):6-12.
[23]张曦.一元线性回归分析在工程技术经济领域中的应用[J].建筑经济,2009(S1):253-256.
[24]中华人民共和国水利部.SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社2007.
[25]靳长兴.坡度在坡面侵蚀中的作用[J].地理研究,1996,15(3):57-63.
[26]杨静,庄家尧,张金池.基于RS和GIS的徐州市20年间土地利用变化研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(2):85-91.
[27]胡利强.广东省中小河流河道治理工程水土保持方案编制要点[J].广东水利水电,2014(8):116-118,127.