应力影响下粉质黏土的等效渗透系数计算
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摘要
为了定量研究粉质黏土的渗透系数随所受应力而变的特征,通过三轴渗透试验,测量不同干密度的粉质黏土在不同有效应力水平下的渗透系数,分析渗透系数与干密度和应力的关系。结果表明:粉质黏土的饱和密度随着应力的增大而增大,在应力为400 kPa时增幅为5%~9%;渗透系数k受有效应力σ的影响较大,在应力为300kPa时减小1~2个数量级;lnk与lnσ和干密度ρ线性相关显著。根据研究结果提出了考虑有效应力和干密度影响的粉质黏土渗透系数的表达式,并推导了粉质黏土层的纵向与横向等效渗透系数计算式及最具代表性土样的取样位置。
In order to quantitatively study the characteristic that the permeability coefficient of silty clay varies with the stress,the permeability coefficient of different dry density silty clay under different effective stress levels were measured by triaxial permeability test,and the relationship between permeability coefficient and dry density and stress were analysis. Results showed that the saturated density of silty clay increases with stress,and the increase amplitude were 5%–9% when the stress was 400 kPa. The permeability coefficient k was great effected by effective stress σ and decreased 1 to 2 orders of magnitudes when the stress was 300 kPa. The lnk presented a significant linear correlation with ρ and lnσ. An expression for permeability coefficient of silty clay considering dry density and effective stress was proposed based on the results. And the equivalent vertical and horizontal permeability of silty clay layer calculation method and the most representative location of soil sample were derived.
In order to quantitatively study the characteristic that the permeability coefficient of silty clay varies with the stress,the permeability coefficient of different dry density silty clay under different effective stress levels were measured by triaxial permeability test,and the relationship between permeability coefficient and dry density and stress were analysis. Results showed that the saturated density of silty clay increases with stress,and the increase amplitude were 5%–9% when the stress was 400 kPa. The permeability coefficient k was great effected by effective stress σ and decreased 1 to 2 orders of magnitudes when the stress was 300 kPa. The lnk presented a significant linear correlation with ρ and lnσ. An expression for permeability coefficient of silty clay considering dry density and effective stress was proposed based on the results. And the equivalent vertical and horizontal permeability of silty clay layer calculation method and the most representative location of soil sample were derived.
引文
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[2]GARCIA-BENGOCHEA I,LOVELL C W,ALTSCHA-EFFL A G.Pore distribution and permeability of silty clays[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1979,105(7):839–856.
[3]黄达,曾彬,王庆乐.粗粒土孔隙比及级配参数与渗透系数概率的相关性研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(8):900–907.(HUANG Da,ZENG Bin,WANG Qingle.Study on probabilistic relation between permeability coefficient and void ratio and grain composition of coarse grained soils using copula theory[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(8):900–907.(in Chinese))
[4]CHU J,BO M W,CHANG M F,et al.Consolidation and permeability properties of singapore marine clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2002,128(2):724–732.
[5]吕卫清,董志良,陈平山,等.正常固结软土渗透系数与固结应力关系研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):769–773.(LU Weiqing,DONG Zhiliang,CHEN Pingshan,et al.Research on relationship between permeability coefficient and consolidation stress of normal consolidation clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):769–773.(in Chinese))
[6]MARSHALL T J.A Relation between permeability and size distribution of pores[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1958,9(1):1–8.
[7]NISHIDA Y,KOIKE H,NAKAGAWA S.Coefficient of permeability of highly plastic clays[C]//Proceedings of the 4th Budapest Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1971:127–133.
[8]党发宁,刘海伟,王学武,等.基于有效孔隙比的黏性土渗透系数经验公式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(9):1 909–1 917.(DANG Faning,LIU Haiwei,WANG Xuewu,et al.Empirical formulas of permeability of clay based on effective pore ratio[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(9):1 909–1 917.(in Chinese))
[9]李作勤,陈大珉,闻新芳.黏土固结参数变化的分析[J].岩土力学,1985,6(2):37–49.(LI Zuoqin,CHEN Damin,WEN Xinfang.Analysis of variation of clay consolidation parameters[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1985,6(2):37–49.(in Chinese))
[10]孙德安,许志良.结构性软土渗透特性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(1):36–41.(SUN Dean,XU Zhiliang.Permeability of structural soft soils[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2012,39(1):36–41.(in Chinese))
[11]顾正维,孙炳楠,董邑宁.黏土的原状土、重塑土和固化土渗透性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):505–508.(GU Zhengwei,SUN Bingnan,DONG Yining.Testing study of permeability of the original clay,recomposed clay and improved clay with stabilizer zdyt–1[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):505–508.(in Chinese))
[12]刘建军,何翔,冯夏庭.基于压水试验数据的渗透系数应力敏感性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):4 724–4 727.(LIU Jianjun,HE Xiang,FENG Xiating.Study on stress sensibility of rock permeability based on pressure well test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):4 724–4 727.(in Chinese))
[13]董邑宁.饱和黏土渗透特性的试验研究[J].青海大学学报:自然科学版,1999,17(1):6–13.(DONG Yining.The experimental research of the permeating characteristic of saturated cohesive soil[J].Journal of Qinghai University:Natural Science,1999,17(1):6–13.(in Chinese))
[14]冯晓腊.饱和黏性土渗透性的研究现状及其发展方向[J].地质科技情报,1988,7(3):53–58.(FENG Xiaola.Permeability research of saturated cohesive soil and its future development[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1988,7(3):53–58.(in Chinese))
[15]桂春雷,石建省,刘继朝,等.含水层渗透系数预测及不确定性分析耦合模型[J].水利学报,2014,45(5):521–528.(GUI Chunlei,SHI Jiansheng,LIU Jichao,et al.A coupling model for aquifer hydraulic conductivity prediction and its uncertainty analysis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(5):521–528.(in Chinese))
[16]刘和平,陈美芙.黏土渗透仪的改进与探讨[J].环境科学研究,1996,9(1):54–57.(LIU Heping,CHEN Meifu.A discussion on the amelioration of clay permeameter[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,1996,9(1):54–57.(in Chinese))
[17]朱国胜,张家发,陈劲松,等.宽级配粗粒土渗透试验尺寸效应及边壁效应研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(9):2 569–2 574.(ZHU Guosheng,ZHANG Jiafa,CHEN Jinsong,et al.Study of size and wall effects in seepage test of broadly graded coarse materials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(9):2 569–2 574.(in Chinese))
[18]朱思哲,刘虔,包承钢,等.三轴试验原理与应用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:81–86.(ZHU Sizhe,LIU Qian,BAO Chenggang,et al.Triaxial tests principles and application techniques[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2003:81–86.(in Chinese))
[19]薛禹群,朱学愚.地下水动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:54–60.(XUE Yuqun,ZHU Xueyu.Groundwater dynamics[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1986:54–60.(in Chinese))