不同复配壮秧剂对水稻机插秧根系形态及抗性生理的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同复配壮秧剂对水稻机插秧苗根系形态及生理抗性的影响,为化控技术在壮秧上的应用及寒地地区高质量秧苗的培育提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以龙粳31和龙稻21为试验材料,以单施壮秧剂为对照(CK),设6种复配壮秧剂(壮秧剂+调节剂)处理,各复配壮秧剂添加的调节剂及其比例分别为多效唑(MET,0.025%)、烯效唑(S3307,0.025%)、萘乙酸(NAA,0.002%)、胺鲜脂(DTA-6,0.001%)、脱落酸(ABA,0.005%)和CGR3(0.020%)。探讨不同复配壮秧剂处理对水稻幼苗根冠比、根系形态及抗性生理指标的调控效果。【结果】不同复配壮秧剂对龙粳31和龙稻21株高的促进作用不明显,但多数壮秧剂对二者茎基宽有促进作用,其中ABA和MET处理的茎基宽均高于CK。各复配壮秧剂处理的水稻根冠比均高于CK,ABA处理的两个品种根冠比显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同)。各复配壮秧剂处理均可促进龙粳31根长增加;ABA和CGR3处理的两个水稻品种总根长和总根体积显著高于CK;CGR3处理对调控根系生长的作用效果明显,总根长、平均根直径、总根体积和总根表面积均高于CK。MET处理可促进水稻根系SOD和CAT活性增加,降低根系中MDA积累,同时显著促进龙粳31根系中脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量积累;S3307处理显著促进水稻根系POD活性增加;各复配壮秧剂处理的龙粳31脯氨酸含量均显著高于CK,DTA-6和S3307处理可显著提高龙稻21根系脯氨酸含量;ABA处理显著促进两个水稻品种根系中可溶性蛋白含量的积累。【结论】施用复配壮秧剂整体可促进水稻幼苗根系生长,提高根系抗性,其中添加MET和S3307处理的作用效果显著,尤其以添加MET处理的作用效果更佳,可在今后壮秧剂的研发和生产实践中推广应用。
【Objective】The effects of compound seedling-strengthening agents on root growth of rice seedlings transplanted by machine were studied,so as to provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the application of chemical control technology in seedling strengthening and the breeding of high-quality seedlings for cold region.【Method】Longjing 31 and Longdao 21 were used as test varieties. Control(CK)was applied with single seedling-strengthening agent,and six kinds of compound seedling-strengthening agents(seedling-strengthening agents + regulators)were used.The regulators added and their proportions were paclobutrazol(MET,0.025%),uniconazole(S3307,0.025%),1-naphthylacetic acid(NAA,0.002%),diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DTA-6,0.001%),abscisic acid(ABA,0.005%),and CGR3(0.020%). The regulation effects of different compound seedling-strengthening agents on root-shoot ratio,root morphology and root resistance indicators of rice seedlings were studied.【Result】The effects of compound seedling-strengthening agents on plant height promotion in Longjing 31 and Longdao 21 were not obvious,but most agents could increase the caudex diameters of the two varieties. The caudex diameters treated by ABA and MET were all higher than CK. The rootshoot ratios of Longjing 31 and Longdao 21 treated with each compound seedling-strengthening agent were higher than CK,and the root-shoot ratios of two varieties treated with ABA were significantly higher than CK(P<0.05,the same below). All the compound seedling-strengthening agents could increase the root length of Longjing 31. The total root length and total root volume of both varieties treated with ABA and CGR3 were significantly higher than CK. The effect of CGR3 on regulating root growth was obvious,total root length,average root diameter,total root volume and total root surface area were higher than CK. MET treatment promoted the activities of SOD and CAT in rice roots,decreased the accumulation of MDA in roots,and significantly promoted the accumulation of proline and soluble protein in Longjing31 roots. S3307 treatment significantly increased POD activity in rice roots. The proline content of Longjing 31 treated with each compound seedling-strengthening agent was significantly higher than that of CK. At the same time,DTA-6 and S3307 treatments could significantly increase proline content in roots of Longdao 21. ABA treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of soluble protein in roots of two rice varieties.【Conclusion】Compound seedling-strengthening agents can promote root growth of rice seedlings and increase root resistance. MET and S3307 treatments have significant effects,and MET treatment has the optimal effects. MET and S3307 can be applied in the future research and development of seedlingstrengthening agent and production practice.
【Objective】The effects of compound seedling-strengthening agents on root growth of rice seedlings transplanted by machine were studied,so as to provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the application of chemical control technology in seedling strengthening and the breeding of high-quality seedlings for cold region.【Method】Longjing 31 and Longdao 21 were used as test varieties. Control(CK)was applied with single seedling-strengthening agent,and six kinds of compound seedling-strengthening agents(seedling-strengthening agents + regulators)were used.The regulators added and their proportions were paclobutrazol(MET,0.025%),uniconazole(S3307,0.025%),1-naphthylacetic acid(NAA,0.002%),diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DTA-6,0.001%),abscisic acid(ABA,0.005%),and CGR3(0.020%). The regulation effects of different compound seedling-strengthening agents on root-shoot ratio,root morphology and root resistance indicators of rice seedlings were studied.【Result】The effects of compound seedling-strengthening agents on plant height promotion in Longjing 31 and Longdao 21 were not obvious,but most agents could increase the caudex diameters of the two varieties. The caudex diameters treated by ABA and MET were all higher than CK. The rootshoot ratios of Longjing 31 and Longdao 21 treated with each compound seedling-strengthening agent were higher than CK,and the root-shoot ratios of two varieties treated with ABA were significantly higher than CK(P<0.05,the same below). All the compound seedling-strengthening agents could increase the root length of Longjing 31. The total root length and total root volume of both varieties treated with ABA and CGR3 were significantly higher than CK. The effect of CGR3 on regulating root growth was obvious,total root length,average root diameter,total root volume and total root surface area were higher than CK. MET treatment promoted the activities of SOD and CAT in rice roots,decreased the accumulation of MDA in roots,and significantly promoted the accumulation of proline and soluble protein in Longjing31 roots. S3307 treatment significantly increased POD activity in rice roots. The proline content of Longjing 31 treated with each compound seedling-strengthening agent was significantly higher than that of CK. At the same time,DTA-6 and S3307 treatments could significantly increase proline content in roots of Longdao 21. ABA treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of soluble protein in roots of two rice varieties.【Conclusion】Compound seedling-strengthening agents can promote root growth of rice seedlings and increase root resistance. MET and S3307 treatments have significant effects,and MET treatment has the optimal effects. MET and S3307 can be applied in the future research and development of seedlingstrengthening agent and production practice.
引文
丁国华,杨光,白良明,孙世臣,姜树坤,王彤彤,郑洪亮,夏天舒,张凤鸣,陈万春.2016.壮秧剂对寒地超级稻龙稻5号秧苗素质及产量提高的作用[J].作物杂志,(2):139-144.[Ding G H,Yang G,Bai L M,Sun S C,Jiang S K,Wang T T,Zheng H L,Xia T S,Zhang F M,Chen W C.2016.Effects of seedling-strengthen agent and quantity on improving seedling quality and grain yield in super rice Longdao 5[J].Crop,(2):139-144.]
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黄益宗,隋立华,王玮,耿春梅,殷宝辉.2013.O3对水稻叶片氮代谢、脯氨酸和谷胱甘肽含量的影响[J].生态毒理学报,8(1):69-76.[Huang Y Z,Sui L H,Wang W,Geng CM,Yin B H.2013.Effects of ozone on nitrogen metabolism,proline and glutathione of rice leaf[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,8(1):69-76.]
雷舜,刘少君,范亚霖,唐湘如.2016.壮秧剂施用对水稻秧苗形态及生理特征的影响[J].西南农业学报,29(8):1813-1817.[Lei S,Liu S J,Fan Y L,Tang X R.2016.Effects of seedling-strengthening agent on morphological and physiological characteristics of rice seedling[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,29(8):1813-1817.]
李合生.2000.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社.[Li H S.2000.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.]
李杰,张洪程,常勇,龚金龙,胡雅杰,龙厚元,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,高辉.2011.高产栽培条件下种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响[J].作物学报,37(12):2208-2220.[Li J,Zhang H C,Chang Y,Gong J L,Hu Y J,Long H Y,Dai Q G,Huo Z Y,Xu K,Wei H Y,Gao H.2011.Influence of planting methods on root system morphological and physiological characteristics of super rice under high-yielding cultivation condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,37(12):2208-2220.]
李生.2013.不同育秧方式和壮秧剂对水稻生长生理的影响[D].南宁:广西大学.[Li S.2013.Growth and physiology effects of rice under the seedling strengthen agent on seedling breeding ways[D].Nanning:Guangxi University.]
梁永书,周军杰,南文斌,段东东,张汉马.2016.水稻根系研究进展[J].植物学报,51(1):98-106.[Liang Y S,Zhou J J,Nan W B,Duan D D,Zhang H M.2016.Progress in rice root system research[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,51(1):98-106.]
马晓明,朱宝国,陈广,单兴波.2016.不同水稻壮秧剂在苗床上的应用效果[J].现代化农业,(2):29-30.[Ma X M,Zhu B G,Chen G,Shan X B.2016.Application effect of different rice seedling strengthening agents on seedbed[J].Modernizing Agriculture,(2):29-30.]
牛耀芳,宗晓波,都韶婷,黄利东,章永松.2011.大气CO2浓度升高对植物根系形态的影响及其调控机理[J].植物营养与肥料学报,17(1):240-246.[Niu Y F,Zong X B,Du S T,Huang L D,Zhang Y S.2011.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2on morphology change of plant roots and its regulation mechanism[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,17(1):240-246.]
潘圣刚,闻祥成,田华,陈益培,莫钊文,段美洋,唐湘如.2015.播种密度和壮秧剂对水稻秧苗生理特性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,36(3):32-36.[Pan S G,Wen X C,Tian H,Chen Y P,Mo Z W,Duan M Y,Tang X R.2015.Effects of broadcasting density and seedling strengthen agent on physiological characteristics of rice seedling[J].Journal of South China Agricultural Univercity,36(3):32-36.]
钱银飞,张洪程,郭振华,陈烨,李杰,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,华正雄,沙安勤,周有炎.2008.壮秧剂不同用量对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,(4):28-31.[Qian Y F,Zhang H C,Guo Z H,Chen Y,Li J,Dai Q G,Huo Z Y,Xu K,Hua Z X,Sha A Q,Zhou Y Y.2008.Effects of different dosages of seedling strengthening agent on quality and yield of machine transplanted rice seedlings[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(4):28-31.]
瞿廷广,许鸿鸽,沈志坚.2003.壮秧剂对水稻机插秧秧苗素质的影响[J].农业装备技术,29(2):25-26.[Qu T G,Xu H G,Shen Z J.2003.Effects of seedling-strengthening agent on the quality of rice seedlings transplanted by machine[J].Agricultural Equipment Technology,29(2):25-26.]
宋伟,李洪林,张苗森,王小龙.2016.不同壮秧剂对水稻秧苗素质、病害及产量的影响[J].天津农业科学,22(9):129-132.[Song W,Li H L,Zhang M S,Wang X L.2016.Effect of different seedling strengthen agent on quality,disease and yield of rice seedlings[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,22(9):129-132.]
田晋元,吴建鑫,莫钊文,潘圣刚,段美洋,唐湘如.2011.壮秧剂对不同基因型超级稻秧苗素质的影响[J].中国农学通报,27(30):12-15.[Tian J Y,Wu J X,Mo Z W,Pan S G,Duan M Y,Tang X R.2011.Effects of seedlingstrengthening agent on seedling quality of different super rice genotypes[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,27(30):12-15.]
王艳丽,刘国顺,丁松爽,王京,李渊博,董晓丽.2015.磷用量对烤烟根系及其与地上部关系的影响[J].应用生态学报,26(5):1440-1446.[Wang Y L,Liu G S,Ding S S,Wang J,Li Y B,Dong X L.2015.Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on the root system and its relationship with the aboveground part of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,26(5):1440-1446.]
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