柏木根系分泌物对盆栽香椿土壤养分和酶活性的影响
|
摘要
为了研究柏木与香椿混交时柏木根系分泌物对土壤养分和酶活性的影响,试验采用盆栽法进行,将土培法收集的柏木根系分泌物按月施加到香椿苗盆栽土壤中,设4个处理:G1、G2、G3和G4,分别为1株、2株、4株和8株柏木根际土提取液,同时设置空白处理CK。处理1年后测定种植香椿的土壤(简称:香椿土壤)养分含量和酶活性。结果表明:柏木根系分泌物对香椿土壤全N、全P、全K含量影响不显著(P>0.05);但显著增加了土壤碱解N、有效P和速效K含量(P<0.05),且随施加浓度的增加,碱解N含量、有效P和速效K含量也增加,而G3与G4处理差异不显著(P>0.05);添加根系分泌物后,香椿土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性增强,且随根系分泌物施加浓度的增加,土壤酶活性递增;相关分析显示,4种酶的活性与土壤碱解N、有效P和速效K及土壤p H值均呈极显著相关(P <0.01),但与全N、全P、全K不相关(P>0.05); 4种酶相互之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01);不同施加浓度的柏木根系分泌物均能提高碱解N、有效P、速效K含量,增强土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性,从而直接或间接影响土壤养分的有效性。综合分析得出,以4株柏木根系分泌物的促进效果较好,柏木与香椿的混交比例为4∶1能较好地改善土壤环境。
We examined the effects of Cupressus funebris root exudates on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in the mixed plantation of C. funebris and Toona sinensis with a pot-culture method. The C. funebris root exudates were collected by soil culture method and added to the potted seedlings of T. sinensis every month. Four treatments of G1,G2,G3 and G4 were set up,corresponding to the treatments with rhizosphere soil extracts of 1,2,4,and 8 cypresses respectively. Meanwhile,a control was treated with distilled water. After one year,the nutrient concentrations and enzyme activities of soil in the five groups were measured. The results showed that C.funebris root exudates had no effect on the concentrations of soil total N,total P and total K( P>0.05),but significantly increased the concentrations of alkali-hydrolysable N,available P and available K( P<0.05). The concentrations of alkali-hydrolysable N,available P and available K increased with increasing concentration of the extracts,with no difference between G3 and G4( P>0.05). The activities of urease,neutral phosphatase,catalase and invertase in soil were boosted after adding root exudates,which were increased with increasing concentrations of exudates. The results of correlation analysis showed that the activities of the four enzymes were remarkably correlated with the concentrations of soil alkali-hydrolysable N,available P,available K and p H( P<0.01),but had no relationship with that of total N,total P,and total K( P>0.05).There was a positive correlation among the activities of the four enzymes( P<0.01). Our results indicated that increasing concentration of C. funebris root exudates could increase the concentrations of alkali-hydrolysable N,available P and available K,and enhance the activities of soil urease,neutral phosphatase,catalase and invertase,which would directly or indirectly affect the availability of soil nutrients. The root exudates of four cypresses had the strongest effects on soil available nutrients and soil enzyme activities. When the mixing ratio of C. funebris and T. sinensis was 4 ∶ 1,the soil environment could be much improved.
We examined the effects of Cupressus funebris root exudates on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in the mixed plantation of C. funebris and Toona sinensis with a pot-culture method. The C. funebris root exudates were collected by soil culture method and added to the potted seedlings of T. sinensis every month. Four treatments of G1,G2,G3 and G4 were set up,corresponding to the treatments with rhizosphere soil extracts of 1,2,4,and 8 cypresses respectively. Meanwhile,a control was treated with distilled water. After one year,the nutrient concentrations and enzyme activities of soil in the five groups were measured. The results showed that C.funebris root exudates had no effect on the concentrations of soil total N,total P and total K( P>0.05),but significantly increased the concentrations of alkali-hydrolysable N,available P and available K( P<0.05). The concentrations of alkali-hydrolysable N,available P and available K increased with increasing concentration of the extracts,with no difference between G3 and G4( P>0.05). The activities of urease,neutral phosphatase,catalase and invertase in soil were boosted after adding root exudates,which were increased with increasing concentrations of exudates. The results of correlation analysis showed that the activities of the four enzymes were remarkably correlated with the concentrations of soil alkali-hydrolysable N,available P,available K and p H( P<0.01),but had no relationship with that of total N,total P,and total K( P>0.05).There was a positive correlation among the activities of the four enzymes( P<0.01). Our results indicated that increasing concentration of C. funebris root exudates could increase the concentrations of alkali-hydrolysable N,available P and available K,and enhance the activities of soil urease,neutral phosphatase,catalase and invertase,which would directly or indirectly affect the availability of soil nutrients. The root exudates of four cypresses had the strongest effects on soil available nutrients and soil enzyme activities. When the mixing ratio of C. funebris and T. sinensis was 4 ∶ 1,the soil environment could be much improved.
引文
鲍士旦.2013.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社.
曹帮华,吴丽云.2008.滨海盐碱地刺槐白蜡混交林土壤酶与养分相关性研究.水土保持学报,22(1):128-133.
陈彩虹,叶道碧.2010.4种人工林土壤酶活性与养分的相关性研究.中南林业科技大学学报,30(6):64-68.
陈龙池,廖利平,汪思龙,等.2002.根系分泌物生态学研究.生态学杂志,21(6):57-62.
范川,李贤伟,张健,等.2013.柏木低效林不同改造模式土壤抗冲性能.水土保持学报,27(1):76-81.
范川,周义贵,李贤伟,等.2014.柏木低效林改造不同模式土壤抗蚀性对比.林业科学,50(6):107-114.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
惠刚盈,赵中华,胡艳波.2010.结构化森林经营技术指南.北京:中国林业出版社.
胡庭兴,李贤伟,张健,等.2002.低效林恢复与重建.北京:华文出版社.
胡学玉,李学垣,谢振翅.2002.不同青菜品种吸锌能力差异及与根系分泌物的关系.植物营养与肥料学报,8(2):234-238
胡延杰,翟明普,武觐文,等.2001.杨树刺槐混交林及纯林土壤酶活性的季节性动态研究.北京林业大学学报,23(5):23-26.
江长胜,杨剑虹,魏朝富,等.2002.低分子量有机酸对紫色母岩中钾释放的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,8(4):441-446.
金婷婷,刘鹏,黄朝表,等.2007.铝胁迫下大豆根系分泌物对根际土壤的影响.中国油料作物学报,29(1):42-48.
李廷轩,马国瑞,张锡洲.2006.富钾基因型籽粒苋主要根系分泌物及其对土壤矿物态钾的活化作用.应用生态学报,17(3):3368-3372.
刘小文,周益林,齐成媚,等.2012.入侵植物薇甘菊对土壤养分和酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,21(12):1960-1965.
邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.2004.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究.植物营养与肥料学报,10(3):277-280.
沈国舫,翟明普.2015.森林培育学.北京:中国林业出版社.
申建波,张福锁.1999.根分泌物的生态效应.中国农业科技导报,1(4):21-27.
孙磊,陈兵林,周治国.2007.麦棉套作Bt棉花根系分泌物对土壤速效养分及微生物的影响.棉花学报,19(1):18-22.
涂书新,孙锦荷,郭智芬,等.2000.植物根系分泌物与根际营养关系评述.土壤与环境,9(1):64-67.
吴际友,叶道碧,王旭军.2010.长沙市城郊森林土壤酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的相关性.东北林业大学学报,38(3):97-99.
吴林坤,林向民,林文雄.2014.根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望.植物生态学报,38(3):298-310.
杨邦俊,向世群.1990.有机肥对紫色水稻土磷酸酶活性及磷素转化作用的影响.土壤通报,21(3):108-110.
杨万勤,王开运.2002.土壤酶研究动态与展望.应用与环境生物学报,8(5):564-570.
袁秀梅,耿赛男,郑梦圆,等.2016.蚕豆根分泌物对紫色土有效养分及微生物数量的影响.中国生态农业学报,24(7):910-917.
张豆豆,梁新华,王俊.2014.植物根系分泌物研究综述.中国农学通报,30(35):314-320.
张厚华,傅德志,孙谷畴.2004.森林植被恢复重建的理论基础.北京林业大学学报,26(1):97-99.
张立芙,吴凤芝,周新刚,等.2009.盐胁迫下黄瓜根系分泌物对土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响.中国蔬菜,14(1):6-11.
章爱群,贺立源,赵会娥,等.2009.有机酸对土壤无机态磷转化和速效磷的影响.生态学报,29(8):4061-4069.
周礼恺.1987.土壤酶学.北京:科学出版社.
左元梅,陈清,张福锁.2004.利用14C示踪研究玉米/花生间作玉米根系分泌物对花生铁营养影响的机制.核农学报,18(1):43-46.
Funck-Jensen D,Hockenhull J.1984.Root exudation,rhizosphere microorganisms and disease control.Vaextskyddsnotiser,48:49-54.
Huang J,Wang SH,Yan L,et al.2010.Plant photosynthesis and its influence on removal efficiencies in constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,36:1037-1043.
Kong CH,Wang P,Zhao H,et al.2008.Impact of allelochemical exuded from allelopathic rice on soil microbial community.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,40:1862-1869.
Landi L,Valori F,Ascher J,et al.2005.Root exudate effects on the bacterial communities,CO2evolution,nitrogen transformations and ATP content of rhizosphere and bulk soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38:509-516.
Li L,Li SM,Sun JH,et al.2007.Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104:11192-11196.
Lynd LR,Laser MS,Bransby D,et al.2008.How biotech can transform biofuels.Nature Biotechnology,26:169-172.
Nidal H.2003.Compaction and subsoiling effects on corn growth and soil bulk density.Soil Science Society of America Journal,67:1213-1219.
Prikryl Z,Vanˇc ura V.1980.Root exudates of plant.Plant and Soil,57:69-83.
Shen H,Yan X,Zhao M,et al.2002.Exudation of organic acids in common bean as related to mobilization of aluminum-and iron-bound phosphates.Environmental and Experimental Botany,48:1-9.
Wang ZY,Kelly JM,Kovar JL.2004.In situ dynamics of phosphorus in the rhizosphere solution of five species.Journal of Environmental Quality,33:1387-1392.
曹帮华,吴丽云.2008.滨海盐碱地刺槐白蜡混交林土壤酶与养分相关性研究.水土保持学报,22(1):128-133.
陈彩虹,叶道碧.2010.4种人工林土壤酶活性与养分的相关性研究.中南林业科技大学学报,30(6):64-68.
陈龙池,廖利平,汪思龙,等.2002.根系分泌物生态学研究.生态学杂志,21(6):57-62.
范川,李贤伟,张健,等.2013.柏木低效林不同改造模式土壤抗冲性能.水土保持学报,27(1):76-81.
范川,周义贵,李贤伟,等.2014.柏木低效林改造不同模式土壤抗蚀性对比.林业科学,50(6):107-114.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
惠刚盈,赵中华,胡艳波.2010.结构化森林经营技术指南.北京:中国林业出版社.
胡庭兴,李贤伟,张健,等.2002.低效林恢复与重建.北京:华文出版社.
胡学玉,李学垣,谢振翅.2002.不同青菜品种吸锌能力差异及与根系分泌物的关系.植物营养与肥料学报,8(2):234-238
胡延杰,翟明普,武觐文,等.2001.杨树刺槐混交林及纯林土壤酶活性的季节性动态研究.北京林业大学学报,23(5):23-26.
江长胜,杨剑虹,魏朝富,等.2002.低分子量有机酸对紫色母岩中钾释放的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,8(4):441-446.
金婷婷,刘鹏,黄朝表,等.2007.铝胁迫下大豆根系分泌物对根际土壤的影响.中国油料作物学报,29(1):42-48.
李廷轩,马国瑞,张锡洲.2006.富钾基因型籽粒苋主要根系分泌物及其对土壤矿物态钾的活化作用.应用生态学报,17(3):3368-3372.
刘小文,周益林,齐成媚,等.2012.入侵植物薇甘菊对土壤养分和酶活性的影响.生态环境学报,21(12):1960-1965.
邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.2004.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究.植物营养与肥料学报,10(3):277-280.
沈国舫,翟明普.2015.森林培育学.北京:中国林业出版社.
申建波,张福锁.1999.根分泌物的生态效应.中国农业科技导报,1(4):21-27.
孙磊,陈兵林,周治国.2007.麦棉套作Bt棉花根系分泌物对土壤速效养分及微生物的影响.棉花学报,19(1):18-22.
涂书新,孙锦荷,郭智芬,等.2000.植物根系分泌物与根际营养关系评述.土壤与环境,9(1):64-67.
吴际友,叶道碧,王旭军.2010.长沙市城郊森林土壤酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的相关性.东北林业大学学报,38(3):97-99.
吴林坤,林向民,林文雄.2014.根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望.植物生态学报,38(3):298-310.
杨邦俊,向世群.1990.有机肥对紫色水稻土磷酸酶活性及磷素转化作用的影响.土壤通报,21(3):108-110.
杨万勤,王开运.2002.土壤酶研究动态与展望.应用与环境生物学报,8(5):564-570.
袁秀梅,耿赛男,郑梦圆,等.2016.蚕豆根分泌物对紫色土有效养分及微生物数量的影响.中国生态农业学报,24(7):910-917.
张豆豆,梁新华,王俊.2014.植物根系分泌物研究综述.中国农学通报,30(35):314-320.
张厚华,傅德志,孙谷畴.2004.森林植被恢复重建的理论基础.北京林业大学学报,26(1):97-99.
张立芙,吴凤芝,周新刚,等.2009.盐胁迫下黄瓜根系分泌物对土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响.中国蔬菜,14(1):6-11.
章爱群,贺立源,赵会娥,等.2009.有机酸对土壤无机态磷转化和速效磷的影响.生态学报,29(8):4061-4069.
周礼恺.1987.土壤酶学.北京:科学出版社.
左元梅,陈清,张福锁.2004.利用14C示踪研究玉米/花生间作玉米根系分泌物对花生铁营养影响的机制.核农学报,18(1):43-46.
Funck-Jensen D,Hockenhull J.1984.Root exudation,rhizosphere microorganisms and disease control.Vaextskyddsnotiser,48:49-54.
Huang J,Wang SH,Yan L,et al.2010.Plant photosynthesis and its influence on removal efficiencies in constructed wetlands.Ecological Engineering,36:1037-1043.
Kong CH,Wang P,Zhao H,et al.2008.Impact of allelochemical exuded from allelopathic rice on soil microbial community.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,40:1862-1869.
Landi L,Valori F,Ascher J,et al.2005.Root exudate effects on the bacterial communities,CO2evolution,nitrogen transformations and ATP content of rhizosphere and bulk soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38:509-516.
Li L,Li SM,Sun JH,et al.2007.Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104:11192-11196.
Lynd LR,Laser MS,Bransby D,et al.2008.How biotech can transform biofuels.Nature Biotechnology,26:169-172.
Nidal H.2003.Compaction and subsoiling effects on corn growth and soil bulk density.Soil Science Society of America Journal,67:1213-1219.
Prikryl Z,Vanˇc ura V.1980.Root exudates of plant.Plant and Soil,57:69-83.
Shen H,Yan X,Zhao M,et al.2002.Exudation of organic acids in common bean as related to mobilization of aluminum-and iron-bound phosphates.Environmental and Experimental Botany,48:1-9.
Wang ZY,Kelly JM,Kovar JL.2004.In situ dynamics of phosphorus in the rhizosphere solution of five species.Journal of Environmental Quality,33:1387-1392.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |