5个木薯品种染色体核型与聚类分析
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摘要
本研究对5个木薯品种进行核型分析以揭示其核型特征,通过聚类分析来自4个产地的5个品种间的相似性,以探讨其亲缘关系。实验采用压片法,以木薯嫩叶为材料,运用DPS软件对核型资料按照最长距离法进行聚类分析。结果表明,木薯5个品种的染色体数目均为2n=36,其中,SC12的核型公式为2n=36=34m+2sm,SM2300-1的核型公式为2n=36=36m(4SAT)、桂热5号的核型公式为2n=36=36m,云南8号与ZM8752的核型公式均为2n=36=34m(4SAT)+2sm。核型不对称系数范围在56.58～58.85之间,核型类型依次为1A、1B、1B、2A、1A,对称程度较高。聚类结果显示,在遗传距离为0.4时,5个品种分为3类。第Ⅰ类为云南8号,第Ⅱ类包括ZM8752与SM2300-1,第Ⅲ类包括SC12和桂热5号,5个品种存在一定的核型差异,说明具有丰富的遗传多样性。
Karyotype analysis was performed on five cassava cultivars to reveal the karyotype characteristics. The similarity and genetic relationship among the five cultivars were analyzed by cluster analysis, using young leaves as the materials and the squashing method to analyze the features of chromosomes. The results showed that the chromosome number of the five varieties was 2n=36, and the karyotype formula of SC12, SM2300-1, Guire No. 5 was 2n=36=34m+2sm, 2n=36=36m(4SAT), 2n=36=36m, respectively, and that of both Yunnan No. 8 and ZM8752 was 2n=36=34m(4SAT)+2sm. The asymmetrical karyotype coefficient was ranged from 56.58 to 58.85, and the karyotype types was 1A, 1B, 1B, 2A and 1A, respectively. The degree of symmetry was high. The clustering results showed that when the genetic distance was 0.4, the five varieties were divided into 3 categories. The first category was Yunnan No. 8, the second category included ZM8752 and SM2300-1, and the third category included SC12 and Guire No. 5. The five cultivars had certain karyotype differences, indicating that they had abundant genetic diversity.
Karyotype analysis was performed on five cassava cultivars to reveal the karyotype characteristics. The similarity and genetic relationship among the five cultivars were analyzed by cluster analysis, using young leaves as the materials and the squashing method to analyze the features of chromosomes. The results showed that the chromosome number of the five varieties was 2n=36, and the karyotype formula of SC12, SM2300-1, Guire No. 5 was 2n=36=34m+2sm, 2n=36=36m(4SAT), 2n=36=36m, respectively, and that of both Yunnan No. 8 and ZM8752 was 2n=36=34m(4SAT)+2sm. The asymmetrical karyotype coefficient was ranged from 56.58 to 58.85, and the karyotype types was 1A, 1B, 1B, 2A and 1A, respectively. The degree of symmetry was high. The clustering results showed that when the genetic distance was 0.4, the five varieties were divided into 3 categories. The first category was Yunnan No. 8, the second category included ZM8752 and SM2300-1, and the third category included SC12 and Guire No. 5. The five cultivars had certain karyotype differences, indicating that they had abundant genetic diversity.
引文
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[25]段英姿,马艳芝.不同产地荆芥核型及核型似近系数聚类分析[J].中国药学杂志,2017,52(15):1313-1318.
[26]贾继增.分子标记种质资源鉴定和分子标记育种[J].中国农业科学,1996(4):2-11.
[2]肖鑫辉,李开绵,许瑞丽,等.国内外栽培木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)种质资源表型多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(1):94-105.
[3]苏芸芸,王康才.不同产地藿香核型及似近系数聚类分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1053-1060.
[4]庄南生,梁达德.木薯核型的研究[J].热带农业科学,1997(1):33-35.
[5]Magoon M L,Bai K V.Morphology of the pachytene chromosomes and meiosis in Manihot esculenta Crantz[J].Cytologia,1969,34(4):612-626.
[6]曾霞,庄南生,李开绵.木薯染色体的C-分带研究[J].热带作物学报,2003,24(4):52-56,85.
[7]冯斗,王建岭,席世丽,等.木薯根尖染色体的观察技术[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(9):3711-3712.
[8]凡杰,安飞飞,郑峰.木薯嫩叶染色体的制片方法[J].热带生物学报,2012,3(2):135-137.
[9]张健,郭军辉,陈雄庭,等.木薯叶片染色体制片技术研究[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(1):20-23.
[10]De C R,Guerra M.Cytogenetics of Manihot esculenta Crantz(cassava)and eight related species[J].Hereditas,2002,136(2):159-168.
[11]Nassar N M,Bomfim N.Synthesis of periclinal chimera in cassava[J].Genetics&Molecular Research Gmr,2013,12(1):610.
[12]冯耀文.木薯SBEⅡ和MeEFⅠ基因物理定位的研究[D].海口:海南大学,2011.
[13]王婧菲,王超,陈学俊,等.木薯4个品种的核型分析[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(10):1715-1719.
[14]叶剑秋.木薯种质资源遗传多样性评价与创新利用[D].海口:海南大学,2014.
[15]刘永安,冯海生,陈志国,等.植物染色体核型分析常用方法概述[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):98-102.
[16]李懋学.植物染色体研究技术[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1991.
[17]李懋学,陈瑞阳.关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J].武汉植物学研究,1985,3(4):297-302.
[18]Levan A,Fredga K,Sandberg A A.Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes[J].Hereditas,1964,52(2):201-220.
[19]Stebbins G.L.Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[M].London:Edward Arnold(Publishers)Ltd.,1971.
[20]Arano H.Cytological studies in subfamily Carduoideae(Compositae)of Japan IX.The karyotype analysis and phylogenic considerations on Pertya and Ainsliaea(2)[J].Shokubutsugaku Zasshi,1963,76(895):32-39.
[21]姚启伦,陈发波,何章帅,等.基于染色体核型的玉米地方品种聚类分析[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(6):34-38.
[22]顾蔚,卜海东,张成艳,等.华中五味子染色体制片优化及核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(2):2262-2266.
[23]梁韶,宋娟,雷秀娟,等.四种人参属药用植物的核型分析[J].人参研究,2017(2):6-10.
[24]马衣努尔姑·吐地,张延辉,秦伟,等.新疆野苹果的不同种下类型染色体核型分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(8):1540-1549.
[25]段英姿,马艳芝.不同产地荆芥核型及核型似近系数聚类分析[J].中国药学杂志,2017,52(15):1313-1318.
[26]贾继增.分子标记种质资源鉴定和分子标记育种[J].中国农业科学,1996(4):2-11.