2PZ-4000型苹果多功能栽植机设计与试验
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摘要
为适应苹果矮砧集约栽培模式所需的新农艺要求,设计了一种苹果多功能栽植机。该机具以拖拉机为动力,采用悬挂式挂接方式,可以实现苹果果苗的垄上定株距栽植,并兼具同步施水(水肥)和镇压功能。针对试验中发现的株距平均值较设计值有所偏移的问题,分析了引起偏移的原因并提出了优化方案。田间试验结果表明,该苹果多功能栽植机起垄垄形一致性为93. 8%,栽植合格率为92. 4%,3种设计株距下的株距变异系数分别为8.3%、7.9%、4.5%,可以满足新农艺对栽植机具的要求。
The dwarf rootstock intensive cultivation mode for apple has many new requirements for agronomy. In order to adapt to these changes,an multifunctional apple planting machine is designed. The machine is powered by tractor and can plant in the process of ridging at fixed spacing,simultaneously supply water or liquid fertilizer and press the soil of ridges after planting. From experiments,we found that the actual plant spacing had deviation from the designed plant spacing. After analysing the causes the optimization scheme is proposed. The results of field experiment show that the machine can meet the requirements of new agronomy. In the results of field experiment,the consistency of ridging is 93.8%,the qualified rate of planting is 92. 4%,and the variation coefficients of plant spacing under the three designed plant spacing are 8.3%、7.9% and 4.5%,respectively.
The dwarf rootstock intensive cultivation mode for apple has many new requirements for agronomy. In order to adapt to these changes,an multifunctional apple planting machine is designed. The machine is powered by tractor and can plant in the process of ridging at fixed spacing,simultaneously supply water or liquid fertilizer and press the soil of ridges after planting. From experiments,we found that the actual plant spacing had deviation from the designed plant spacing. After analysing the causes the optimization scheme is proposed. The results of field experiment show that the machine can meet the requirements of new agronomy. In the results of field experiment,the consistency of ridging is 93.8%,the qualified rate of planting is 92. 4%,and the variation coefficients of plant spacing under the three designed plant spacing are 8.3%、7.9% and 4.5%,respectively.
引文
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[2]国家苹果产业技术体系首席科学家办公室.苹果矮砧集约栽培模式技术规范[R].西安:西北农林科技大学国家苹果产业技术研发中心,2014.
[3]王金政,薛晓敏.山东苹果矮砧集约高效栽培模式及技术要点[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(11):125-128.
[4]梁录瑞,李红涛.推广苹果矮砧集约高效栽培技术的调查和思考[J].果农之友,2014(11):44-45.
[5]贾永华,曲亦刚,王永忠,等.苹果矮砧密植栽培模式及技术要点[J].宁夏农林科技,2014,55(9):6-8.
[6]刘文杰,李红涛.现代苹果矮砧集约化栽培技术[J].果农之友,2014(6):29-31.
[7]王鹏飞,何建华,刘俊峰,等.苹果果苗栽植机的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016(1):122-126.
[8]顾正平,沈瑞珍.树木栽植与养护机械发展概况[J].世界林业研究,2005,18(4):40-44.
[9]彭毛玷,张建领,梁政.拖拉机配套旋耕起垄机的设计与研制[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2010,37(3):93-94.
[10]张强,梁留锁.农业机械学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2016.
[11]于英杰,戈振杨,李厚春,等.土壤压实对施肥机地轮滑移率影响的模拟[C]//中国农业工程学会学术年会.2011年学术年会论文集.重庆:中国农业工程学会学术年会,2011.
[12]夏连明.玉米精量播种机关键部件研究[D].沈阳:东北农业大学,2011.