高速公路平曲线标志标线组合设计评价指标
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摘要
基于驾驶模拟实验数据,结合驾驶员在高速公路平曲线的运行速度特征、转向特征与行驶轨迹特征,选择速度、方向盘转角系数与横向位置数据构建了高速公路平曲线标志标线组合设计的合理性评价指标与有效性评价指标.其中,合理性评价指标包括转向位置的合理性评价与驾驶负荷的合理性评价,采用小波分解的方法对方向盘转角系数进行多层分解,获取驾驶员转向起终点位置与高频能量,通过驾驶员转向起终点与直缓点/缓直点的距离进行转向位置的合理性评价,通过高频能量比进行驾驶员操作负荷的合理性评价.有效性评价包括运行速度控制的有效性与车辆横向位置控制的有效性,通过平均速度、运行速度与车速离散度进行速度控制效果的评价;通过平均换道次数、平均压线行驶距离进行车辆横向位置控制的有效性评价.通过实例应用验证了研究标志标线组合设置的必要性与评价指标的有效性.
Based on driving simulation data,combined with drivers' characteristics in highway horizontal curve of operation speed characteristics,steering characteristics and driving track features,speed,steering wheel angle coefficient and lane position were chose to construct rationality evaluation indexes and effectiveness evaluation indexes for layout combination of signs and markings in highway horizontal curve.Among them,rationality evaluation included steering position evaluation and driving workload evaluation.Wavelet decomposition method was used to decompose steering wheel angle coefficient into multilayers. Then starting/ending turning position and high frequency energy were obtained.So steering position evaluation was conducted through the distance between starting/ending turning position to point of tangent to spiral/point of spiral to tangent.Driving workload evaluation was carried out through high frequency energy ratio.Effectiveness evaluation included speed control effectiveness and lane position control effectiveness. Speed control effectiveness evaluated by average speed,operation speed and speed deviation while lane position control effectiveness evaluated by average lane changing times and average distance of rolling on markings.Through the application example,the necessity of researching on layout of signs and marking and the validity of evaluation indexes was verified.
Based on driving simulation data,combined with drivers' characteristics in highway horizontal curve of operation speed characteristics,steering characteristics and driving track features,speed,steering wheel angle coefficient and lane position were chose to construct rationality evaluation indexes and effectiveness evaluation indexes for layout combination of signs and markings in highway horizontal curve.Among them,rationality evaluation included steering position evaluation and driving workload evaluation.Wavelet decomposition method was used to decompose steering wheel angle coefficient into multilayers. Then starting/ending turning position and high frequency energy were obtained.So steering position evaluation was conducted through the distance between starting/ending turning position to point of tangent to spiral/point of spiral to tangent.Driving workload evaluation was carried out through high frequency energy ratio.Effectiveness evaluation included speed control effectiveness and lane position control effectiveness. Speed control effectiveness evaluated by average speed,operation speed and speed deviation while lane position control effectiveness evaluated by average lane changing times and average distance of rolling on markings.Through the application example,the necessity of researching on layout of signs and marking and the validity of evaluation indexes was verified.
引文
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[3]CHARLTON S G.The role of attention in horizontal curves:a comparison of advance warning,delineation,and road marking treatments[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2007,39(5):873.
[4]肖润谋,赵金龙,陈荫三,等.山区公路交通安全标志设计[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(3):63.XIAO Runmou,ZHAO Jinlong,CHEN Yinsan,et al.Design traffic safety signs on mountain roads[J].Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition),2006,26(3):63.
[5]AUBERLET J M,ROSEY F,ANCEAUX F,et al.Impact of perceptual treatment on driver's behavior:from the driving simulation studies to the field tests-first results[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2012,45(5):91.
[6]WU Yiping,ZHAO Xiaohua,RONG Jian,et al.Effects of chevron alignment signs on driver eye movements,driving performance and stress[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2013(2365):10.
[7]贺玉龙,孙小端,侯树展,等.高速公路速度控制设施的实施效果分析[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(增):93.HE Yulong,SUN Xiaoduan,HOU Shuzhan,et al.Analysis of implementary effect of speed control device on expressway[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(S):93.
[8]赵晓华,关伟,黄利华,等.急弯处警告标志位置对驾驶行为的影响研究[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(9):101.ZHAO Xiaohua,GUAN Wei,HUANG Lihua,et al.Research on influence of warning sign position in sharp curve on driving behavior[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(9):101.
[9]VEST A,STAMATIADIS N.Use of warning signs and markings to reduce speeds on curves[C]//3rd International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design.Chicago Illinois:Transportation Research Board,2005:1-17.
[10]DING H,ZHAO X,RONG J,et al.Experimental research on the effectiveness of speed reduction markings based on driving simulation:a case study[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2013,60(11):211.
[11]GODLEY S T,TRIGGS T J,FILDES B N.Driving simulator validation for speed research[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2002,34(5):89.
[12]JAMSON S,LAI F,JAMSON H.Driving simulators for robust comparisons:a case study evaluating road safety engineering treatments[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2010,42(3):961.
[13]潘晓东,蒋宏,杨轸.山区公路小半径曲线事故黑点案例分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(12):1642.PAN Xiaodong,JIANG Hong,YANG Zhen.A case study of accident black spot in mountain highway with small radius[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science).2007,35(12):1642.
[14]张宝君,刘军,金灿.公路长直线接小半径平曲线探究[J].交通科技,2014(3):93.ZHANG Baojun,LIU Jun,JIN Can.Study on long straight connecting sharp curve on highway[J].Transportation Science&Technology,2014(3):93.
[15]杨少伟,张碧琴,许金良,等.道路勘测设计[M].第3版.北京:人民交通出版社,2009.YANG Shaowei,ZHANG Biqin,XU Jinliang,et al.Road surveying and design[M].3rd.Beijing:China Communications Press,2009.
[16]华杰工程咨询有限公司.公路项目安全性评价规范:JTGB05—2015[S].北京:人民交通出版社股份有限公司,2015.Chelbi Engineering Consultants,Inc..Specifications for highway safety audit:JTGB05—2015[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,Co.,Ltd.,2015.
[17]彭其渊,徐进,罗庆,等.公路平曲线参数对车辆轨迹和速度的影响规律[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(1):45.PENG Qiyuan,XU Jin,LUO Qing,et al.Effect of horizontal curves design on track and speed of passenger car[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2012,40(1):45.
[18]SHINAR D,COMPTON R.Aggressive driving:an observational study of driver,vehicle,and situational variables[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2004,36(3):429.
[19]SPACEK P.Track behavior in curve areas:attempt at typology[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2005,131(9):669.