基于SWAT模型的细河流域蓝水绿水资源量时空分布研究
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摘要
利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)模型、SUFI-2算法对细河流域水文过程进行了模拟,评估了1977～2015年及典型年份流域蓝水、绿水资源量时空间分布状况。研究结果表明:(1)细河流域多年平均水资源量953. 24 mm,其中蓝水资源量290. 9 mm,绿水资源量662. 33 mm,流域水资源构成以绿水资源为主;(2)典型年份蓝水资源变化较大,特枯水年、平水年和特丰水年分别为86、277和656 mm;绿水系数在特枯水年、平水年和特丰水年差异亦较为明显,分别为87. 12%、69. 78%和49. 31%;(3)在空间上,细河流域蓝水呈现由东向西减少的趋势,绿水流呈现由四周向中部减少的趋势,绿水储呈现由东向西减少的趋势,在特枯水年尤为显著。
The spatiotemporal distribution of blue and green water resources in Xi River Basin from 1977 to 2015 are simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool( SWAT) model and the SUFI-2 algorithm. The results show that( 1) The average water resources in Xi River Basin are 953. 24 mm,of which the blue water resources are 290. 9 mm and green water resource are 662. 33 mm. Water resources of Xi River Basin are mainly green water.( 2) Blue water resources in Xi River Basin change greatly in typical years. Which are 86 mm,277mm and656 mm in dry years,normal year and wet years respectively. There are also differences in green water coefficient in typical years,which are 87. 12%,69. 78% and 49. 31% respectively.( 3) Blue water resources in Xi River Basin shows a trend of decrease from east to west. While green water resources shows a trend of decrease from the edge to the center. The green water storage shows a trend of decrease from east to west,especially in dry years.
The spatiotemporal distribution of blue and green water resources in Xi River Basin from 1977 to 2015 are simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool( SWAT) model and the SUFI-2 algorithm. The results show that( 1) The average water resources in Xi River Basin are 953. 24 mm,of which the blue water resources are 290. 9 mm and green water resource are 662. 33 mm. Water resources of Xi River Basin are mainly green water.( 2) Blue water resources in Xi River Basin change greatly in typical years. Which are 86 mm,277mm and656 mm in dry years,normal year and wet years respectively. There are also differences in green water coefficient in typical years,which are 87. 12%,69. 78% and 49. 31% respectively.( 3) Blue water resources in Xi River Basin shows a trend of decrease from east to west. While green water resources shows a trend of decrease from the edge to the center. The green water storage shows a trend of decrease from east to west,especially in dry years.
引文
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[17] ZANG C. Spatial and temporal variability of blue/green water flows in typical meteorological years in an inland river basin in China[J]. Journal of Water&Climate Change,2017,8(1).
[18] ZANG C,LIU J. Trend analysis for the flows of green and blue water in the Heihe river basin,northwestern China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2013,502(8):27-36.
[19]赵安周,朱秀芳,潘耀忠,等.典型年份渭河流域蓝水绿水时空差异分析[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2):149-157.ZHAO A Z, ZHU X F, PAN Y Z, et al. Spatiotemporal variation of blue-green water under typical reference years in the Weihe river basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(2):149-157.
[20]朱正如,韩露,吕乐婷,等.近50年来细河流域降水量的时空变化[J].水电能源科学,2017(1):6-9.ZHU Z R,HAN L,LV L T,et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in Xihe basin over the last 50 years.[J]. Water Resources and Power,2017(1):6-9.
[21]朱正如,郭姗姗.细河流域不同等级降水量及降水强度变化特征[J].辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,40(3):379-386.ZHU Z R,GUO S S. Variation characteristics of precipitation and rainfall intensity with different grades in the Xihe basin.[J]. Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,40(3):379-386.
[22]邢刚,魏海宁,韩笑,等.本溪市区近59年极端气温气候特征及其变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(29):251-255.XING G,WEI H N,HAN X,et al. Climate characteristic and change of extreme temperature in Benxi city in recent 50 years.[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(29):251-255.
[23] JANSSEN L L F,WEL F J M V. Accuracy assessment of satellite derived land cover data:A review.[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing. 1994,60(4):419-426.
[24]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].科学出版社,2013.ZHAO Y S. The principle and method of analysis of remote sensing application.[M]. Science Press,2013.
[25] WEI X,DECLAN C,LIN E,et al. Future cereal production in China:the interaction of climate change,water availability and socio-economic scenarios.[J]. Global Environmental Change,2009,19(1):34-44.
[26] ZUO D,XU Z,PENG D,et al. Simulating spatiotemporal variability of blue and green water resources availability with uncertainty analysis[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2015, 29(8):1942-1955.
[27] ABBASPOUR K C,VEJDANI M,HAGHIGHAT S. SWATCUP calibration and uncertainty programs for SWAT[J].Modsim International Congress on Modelling&Simulation Land Water&Environmental Management Integrated Systems for Sustainability,2007,364(3):1603-1609.
[28] FARAMARZI M,YANG H,MOUSAVI J,et al. Analysis of intra-country virtual water trade strategy to alleviate water scarcity in Iran.[J]. Hydrology&Earth System Sciences Discussions,2010,7(2):1417-1433.
[29] MORIASI D N,ARNOLD J G,VAN LIEW M W,et al. Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations[J]. Transactions of the Asabe,2007,50(3):885-900.
[30]潘登,任理.分布式水文模型在徒骇马颊河流域灌溉管理中的应用Ⅰ.参数率定和模拟验证[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(3):471-479.PAN C,REN L. Application of distributed hydrological model in irrigation management of Tuhai-majia river basinⅠ. parameter calibration and validation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,45(3):471-479.
[31]吕乐婷,彭秋志,郭媛媛,等.基于SWAT模型的东江流域径流模拟[J].自然资源学报,2014(10):1746-1757.LV L T,PENG Z Q,GUO Y Y,et al. Runoff simulation of Dongjiang River Basin on the soil and water assessment tool[J].Journal of National Resources,2014(10):1746-1757.
[32] WU Y,CHEN J. Estimating irrigation water demand using an improved method and optimizing reservoir operation for water supply and hydropower generation:A case study of the Xinfengjiang reservoir in southern China[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2013,116(116):110-121.
[33] ZANG C F,LIU J G,VAN DER VELDE M,et al. Assessment of spatial and temporal patterns of green and blue water flows in inland river basins in northwest China[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2012,16(8):2859-2870.
[34]荣琨,陈兴伟,李志远,等.晋江西溪流域绿水蓝水资源量估算及分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):12-15.RONG K,CHEN X W,LI Z Y,et al. Estimating green and blue water reasources in Xixi watershed of Jinjiang basin[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,31(4):12-15.
[35]张杰,贾绍凤.基于SWAT模型的湟水流域蓝绿水与不同土地利用类型的绿水差异研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(4):6-10.ZHANG J,JIA S F. Study on difference of blue-green water in Huangshui basin and green water under different types of land use based on SWAT model[J]. Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2013,24(4):6-10.
[2] FALKENMARK M,ROCKSTRM J. The new blue and green water paradigm:breaking new ground for water resources planning and management[J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning&Management,2006,132(3):129-132.
[3]赵安周,赵玉玲,刘宪锋,等.气候变化和人类活动对渭河流域蓝水绿水影响研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):571-579.ZHAO A Z,ZHAO Y L,LIU X F,et al. Impact of human activities and climate variability on green and blue water resources in the weihe river basin of northwest China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(4):571-579.
[4]刘昌明,李云成.“绿水”与节水:中国水资源内涵问题讨论[J].科学与社会,2006(1):16-20.LIU C M,LI Y C.“Green water” and water conservation:discussions on the connotation of China’s water resource[J].Impact of Science on Society,2006(1):16-20.
[5]李小雁.流域绿水研究的关键科学问题[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(7):707-712.LI X Y. Key scientific issues for green water research in the watershed[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2008 23(7):707-712.
[6]张为彬,查小春,马玉改. 1961~2010年黄河源区蓝绿水资源时空变化[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):338-343.ZHANG W B,ZHA X C,MA Y G. Spatio-temporal change of blue water and green water resources in source region of Yellow river during 1961-2010[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(6):338-343.
[7]程国栋,赵文智.绿水及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展.2006(3):221-227.CHEN G D,ZHAO W Z. Green water and its research progresses[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2006(3):221-227.
[8] FARAMARZI M,ABBASPOUR K C,SCHULIN R,et al.Modelling blue and green water resources availability in Iran[J]. Hydrological Processes. 2009,23(3):486-501.
[9]张淑兰,张海军,王彦辉,等.泾河流域上游景观尺度植被类型对水文过程的影响[J].地理科学,2015,35(2):231-237.ZHANG S L,ZHANG H J,WANG Y H,et al. Influence of vegetation type on hydrological process at landscape scale in the upper reaches of Jinghe basin[J]. Scientia Geographica Scienca,2015(2):231-237.
[10]臧传富.黑河流域蓝绿水时空变化研究[D].北京林业大学,2013.ZANG C F. Assessment of spatial and temporal variability of green and blue water flows in the Heihe river basin,China[D].Beijing Forestry University,2013.
[11]谢正辉,刘谦,袁飞,等.基于全国50 km×50 km网格的大尺度陆面水文模型框架[J].水利学报,2004,35(5):76-82.XIE Z H,LIU Q,YUAN F,et al. Macro-scale land hydrological model hased on 50 km×50 km grids system[J]. ShuiLi XueBao,2004,35(5):76-82.
[12] SCHUOL J,ABBASPOUR K C,YANG H,et al. Modeling blue and green water availability in Africa[J]. Water Resources Research,2008,44(7):212-221.
[13] LIU X,REN L,YUAN F,et al. Quantifying the effect of land use and land cover changes on green water and blue water in northern part of China.[J]. Hydrology&Earth System Sciences,2009,13(6):735-747.
[14]徐宗学,左德鹏.拓宽思路,科学评价水资源量——以渭河流域蓝水绿水资源量评价为例[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013(1):12-16.XU Z X,ZUO D P. Scientific assessment of water resources with broaden thoughts:a case study on the blue and green water resources in the Wei river basin[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013(1):12-16.
[15]臧传富,刘俊国.黑河流域蓝绿水在典型年份的时空差异特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(3):1-10.ZANG C F,LIU J G. Spatial and temporal pattern difference of blue-green water flows in typical reference years in the Heihe River Basin,northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2013,35(3):1-10.
[16] ZANG C,LIU J,GERTEN D,et al. Influence of human activities and climate variability on green and blue water provision in the Heihe river basin,NW China[J]. Journal of Water&Climate Change,2015,6(4):jwc2015194.
[17] ZANG C. Spatial and temporal variability of blue/green water flows in typical meteorological years in an inland river basin in China[J]. Journal of Water&Climate Change,2017,8(1).
[18] ZANG C,LIU J. Trend analysis for the flows of green and blue water in the Heihe river basin,northwestern China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2013,502(8):27-36.
[19]赵安周,朱秀芳,潘耀忠,等.典型年份渭河流域蓝水绿水时空差异分析[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2):149-157.ZHAO A Z, ZHU X F, PAN Y Z, et al. Spatiotemporal variation of blue-green water under typical reference years in the Weihe river basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(2):149-157.
[20]朱正如,韩露,吕乐婷,等.近50年来细河流域降水量的时空变化[J].水电能源科学,2017(1):6-9.ZHU Z R,HAN L,LV L T,et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in Xihe basin over the last 50 years.[J]. Water Resources and Power,2017(1):6-9.
[21]朱正如,郭姗姗.细河流域不同等级降水量及降水强度变化特征[J].辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,40(3):379-386.ZHU Z R,GUO S S. Variation characteristics of precipitation and rainfall intensity with different grades in the Xihe basin.[J]. Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,40(3):379-386.
[22]邢刚,魏海宁,韩笑,等.本溪市区近59年极端气温气候特征及其变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(29):251-255.XING G,WEI H N,HAN X,et al. Climate characteristic and change of extreme temperature in Benxi city in recent 50 years.[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(29):251-255.
[23] JANSSEN L L F,WEL F J M V. Accuracy assessment of satellite derived land cover data:A review.[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing. 1994,60(4):419-426.
[24]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].科学出版社,2013.ZHAO Y S. The principle and method of analysis of remote sensing application.[M]. Science Press,2013.
[25] WEI X,DECLAN C,LIN E,et al. Future cereal production in China:the interaction of climate change,water availability and socio-economic scenarios.[J]. Global Environmental Change,2009,19(1):34-44.
[26] ZUO D,XU Z,PENG D,et al. Simulating spatiotemporal variability of blue and green water resources availability with uncertainty analysis[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2015, 29(8):1942-1955.
[27] ABBASPOUR K C,VEJDANI M,HAGHIGHAT S. SWATCUP calibration and uncertainty programs for SWAT[J].Modsim International Congress on Modelling&Simulation Land Water&Environmental Management Integrated Systems for Sustainability,2007,364(3):1603-1609.
[28] FARAMARZI M,YANG H,MOUSAVI J,et al. Analysis of intra-country virtual water trade strategy to alleviate water scarcity in Iran.[J]. Hydrology&Earth System Sciences Discussions,2010,7(2):1417-1433.
[29] MORIASI D N,ARNOLD J G,VAN LIEW M W,et al. Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations[J]. Transactions of the Asabe,2007,50(3):885-900.
[30]潘登,任理.分布式水文模型在徒骇马颊河流域灌溉管理中的应用Ⅰ.参数率定和模拟验证[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(3):471-479.PAN C,REN L. Application of distributed hydrological model in irrigation management of Tuhai-majia river basinⅠ. parameter calibration and validation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,45(3):471-479.
[31]吕乐婷,彭秋志,郭媛媛,等.基于SWAT模型的东江流域径流模拟[J].自然资源学报,2014(10):1746-1757.LV L T,PENG Z Q,GUO Y Y,et al. Runoff simulation of Dongjiang River Basin on the soil and water assessment tool[J].Journal of National Resources,2014(10):1746-1757.
[32] WU Y,CHEN J. Estimating irrigation water demand using an improved method and optimizing reservoir operation for water supply and hydropower generation:A case study of the Xinfengjiang reservoir in southern China[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2013,116(116):110-121.
[33] ZANG C F,LIU J G,VAN DER VELDE M,et al. Assessment of spatial and temporal patterns of green and blue water flows in inland river basins in northwest China[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2012,16(8):2859-2870.
[34]荣琨,陈兴伟,李志远,等.晋江西溪流域绿水蓝水资源量估算及分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):12-15.RONG K,CHEN X W,LI Z Y,et al. Estimating green and blue water reasources in Xixi watershed of Jinjiang basin[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,31(4):12-15.
[35]张杰,贾绍凤.基于SWAT模型的湟水流域蓝绿水与不同土地利用类型的绿水差异研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(4):6-10.ZHANG J,JIA S F. Study on difference of blue-green water in Huangshui basin and green water under different types of land use based on SWAT model[J]. Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2013,24(4):6-10.