蓝果忍冬果柄离区形成中内源激素含量与细胞壁相关酶活性的变化特征
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摘要
以蓝果忍冬易落果品种‘海参崴’和不易落果品种‘蓓蕾’为试材,制作石蜡切片观察果柄离区的解剖结构,用高效液相色谱法测定果柄离区内源激素含量,并用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒测细胞壁相关酶活性,分析蓝果忍冬不同品种果柄离区形成过程中内源激素含量与细胞壁相关酶活性的变化特征,探讨二者与果实脱落的关系。结果表明:(1)‘蓓蕾’果柄离区在整个果实生长期均无明显断裂,‘海参崴’果柄离区在果实成熟期开始断裂,最终仅靠维管束连接。(2)海参崴’和‘蓓蕾’果柄离区激素水平和变化存在明显差异,在果实成熟期‘海参崴’的脱落酸(ABA)和乙烯(ETH)含量高于‘蓓蕾’,而生长素(IAA)和玉米素(ZT)含量低于‘蓓蕾’;在转色期赤霉素(GA3)含量低于‘蓓蕾’。(3)进入果实成熟期后‘海参崴’的纤维素酶(Cx)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glu)活性升高,到转色期后期多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性达到峰值;在整个果实生长期‘蓓蕾’的Cx活性基本没有变化,PG、PME、β-glu活性在生长早期即达到峰值,进入果实成熟期呈下降趋势。(4)‘海参崴’果柄离区Cx活性与IAA/ABA显著负相关(P<0.05);‘蓓蕾’果柄离区β-glu活性与IAA/ABA显著负相关(P<0.05),其PME活性与ABA含量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。研究认为,‘海参崴’果实易脱落主要与果实成熟期果柄离区ABA含量增加和IAA含量降低及细胞壁代谢酶Cx和PG活性变化有关,且Cx活性受IAA和ABA相对含量比值的负调节;‘蓓蕾’果柄离区PME活性增强也可以促进其果实脱落,PME活性受ABA含量的变化正向调节。
The cultivar ‘Vladivostok' which was easy to drop and cultivar‘Berel'which was not easy to drop were both used as test materials.Paraffin section technique was used to observe the anatomical structure of the carpopodium abscission zone.We determined the contents of endogenous hormones in the carpopodium abscission zone by high performance liquid chromatography,and also determined the active of cell wall related enzymes by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)technique.we analyzed changes of endogenous hormones and cell wall-related enzyme activities in different Lonicera cearulea L.during the formation of the carpopodium abscission zone,and hope to reveal the relationship between endogenous hormones and cell wall-related enzymes and their effects on fruit abscission.The results showed:(1)there were no obvious fracture in ‘Berel'carpopodium abscission zone at the whole fruit growth period,but‘Vladivostok'carpopodium abscission zone was gradually disintegration when the fruit matured,ultimately.It relies on vascular bundle connected between fruit and carpopodium.(2)There was a significant difference in hormone levels and trends in carpopodium abscission zone between ‘Berel'and ‘Vladivostok'.At maturity,the ABA and ETH contents of‘Vladivostok'were higher than that of‘Berel',while the IAA and ZT contents of‘Vladivostok'were lower than that of‘Berel';the‘Vladivostok'GA3 content was lower than that of‘Berel'in veraison.(3)In ‘Vladivostok',the activities of Cx andβ-glu increased during the fruit ripening period,and the activities of PG and PME reached the peak at last-veraison.In‘Berel',Cx activities did not change throughout the fruit growth period;By contrast the activities of PG,PME andβ-glu peaked in fruit early growth stage,then decreased when the fruit matured.(4)In‘Vladivostok'carpopodium abscission zone,there was significantly negative correlation between Cx and IAA/ABA(P<0.05).In‘Berel'carpopodium abscission zone,β-glu activity was significantly negatively correlated with IAA/ABA(P<0.05);PME activity was extremely significantly positively correlated with ABA content(P<0.01).Studies indicate,during fruit ripening,the‘Vladivostok'fruit abscission was related with the increase of ABA content,the decrease of IAA content and change in Cx and PG enzyme activities.In addition,Cx activity is negatively regulated by the relative content ratio of IAA to ABA.Change in PME enzyme activity of‘Berel'cell walls can promote fruit abscission,and change in content of ABA positively regulate PME enzyme activity.
The cultivar ‘Vladivostok' which was easy to drop and cultivar‘Berel'which was not easy to drop were both used as test materials.Paraffin section technique was used to observe the anatomical structure of the carpopodium abscission zone.We determined the contents of endogenous hormones in the carpopodium abscission zone by high performance liquid chromatography,and also determined the active of cell wall related enzymes by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)technique.we analyzed changes of endogenous hormones and cell wall-related enzyme activities in different Lonicera cearulea L.during the formation of the carpopodium abscission zone,and hope to reveal the relationship between endogenous hormones and cell wall-related enzymes and their effects on fruit abscission.The results showed:(1)there were no obvious fracture in ‘Berel'carpopodium abscission zone at the whole fruit growth period,but‘Vladivostok'carpopodium abscission zone was gradually disintegration when the fruit matured,ultimately.It relies on vascular bundle connected between fruit and carpopodium.(2)There was a significant difference in hormone levels and trends in carpopodium abscission zone between ‘Berel'and ‘Vladivostok'.At maturity,the ABA and ETH contents of‘Vladivostok'were higher than that of‘Berel',while the IAA and ZT contents of‘Vladivostok'were lower than that of‘Berel';the‘Vladivostok'GA3 content was lower than that of‘Berel'in veraison.(3)In ‘Vladivostok',the activities of Cx andβ-glu increased during the fruit ripening period,and the activities of PG and PME reached the peak at last-veraison.In‘Berel',Cx activities did not change throughout the fruit growth period;By contrast the activities of PG,PME andβ-glu peaked in fruit early growth stage,then decreased when the fruit matured.(4)In‘Vladivostok'carpopodium abscission zone,there was significantly negative correlation between Cx and IAA/ABA(P<0.05).In‘Berel'carpopodium abscission zone,β-glu activity was significantly negatively correlated with IAA/ABA(P<0.05);PME activity was extremely significantly positively correlated with ABA content(P<0.01).Studies indicate,during fruit ripening,the‘Vladivostok'fruit abscission was related with the increase of ABA content,the decrease of IAA content and change in Cx and PG enzyme activities.In addition,Cx activity is negatively regulated by the relative content ratio of IAA to ABA.Change in PME enzyme activity of‘Berel'cell walls can promote fruit abscission,and change in content of ABA positively regulate PME enzyme activity.
引文
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[2]XUE H J,KAZUHIRO O,KENJI S,et al.Effects of blue honeysuckle(Lonicera caerulea L.)extract on lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammation in vitro and in vivo[J].Experimental Eye Research,2006,82(5):860-867.
[3]ZDARILOVA,RAJNOCHOVS,CHYTILOVK,et al.Polyphenolic fraction of Lonicera caerulea L.fruits reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory markers induced by lipopolysaccharide in gingival fibroblasts[J].Food&Chemical Toxicology,2010,48(6):1 555-1 561.
[4]JURGO N'SKI A,JU N'KIEWICZ J,ZDU N'CZYK Z.An anthocyanin-rich extract from Kamchatka honeysuckle increases enzymatic activity within the gut and ameliorates abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in rats[J].Nutrition,2013,29(6):898-902.
[5]OSBORNE D J,MORGAN P W.Abscission[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2008,8(2):103-129.
[6]WITTENBACH V A,BUKOVAC M J.Cherry fruit abscission[J].Plant Physiology,1974,54(4):494-498.
[7]PAZ MERELO,JAVIER AGUST,VICENT ARBONA,et al.Cell wall remodeling in abscission zone cells during ethylenepromoted fruit abscission in citrus[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:301.
[8]FLORS V,LEYVA MDE L,VICEDO B,et al.Absence of the endo-β-1,4-glucanases Cel1and Cel2reduces susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in tomato[J].Plant Journal,2007,52(6):1 027-1 040.
[9]欧阳杰,蒋建雄,张天真,等.内切-1,4-β葡聚糖酶在植物细胞生长发育中的作用[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(4):844-851.OUYANG J,JIANG J X,ZHANG T Z,et al.The function of endo-1,4-β-glucanase on plant cell growth and development[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(4):844-851.
[10]陈发河,吴光斌,冯作山,等.葡萄贮藏过程中落粒与离区酶活性变化及植物生长调节物质的关系[J].分子植物(英文版),2003,29(2):133-140.CHEN F H,WU G B,FENG Z S,et al.The relation of grape berry abscission to changes of enzyme activity in abscission zone and plant growth regulators during storage[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2003,29(2):133-140.
[11]TABUCHI T,ITO S,ARAI N.Development of the abscission zones in j-2in pedicels of Galapagos wild tomatoes[J].Engei Gakkai Zasshi,2000,69(4):443-445.
[12]ADDICOTT FT.Plant hormones on the control of abscission[J].Bio Rev,1970,45(4):485-491.
[13]MACDONALD M T,LADA R R.Changes in endogenous hormone levels explains seasonal variation in balsam fir needle abscission patterns[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2017,36(3):1-11.
[14]丁静,沈镇德,方亦雄,等.棉花幼铃发育过程中内源激素水平的变化及赤霉酸对它的影响[J].植物生理学报,1980,6(4):407-417.DING J,SHEN Z D,FANG Y X,et al.Changes in endogenous hormone levels in young cotton bolls and their relation to boll shedding[J].Plant Physiology Journal,1980,6(4):407-417.
[15]吴有梅,任建川,华雪增,等.葡萄采后果粒脱落及保鲜贮藏[J].植物生理学报,1992,18(3):267-272.WU Y M,REN J C,HUA X Z et al.Postharvest berry abscission and sbscission and storage of grape fruit[J].Plant Physiology Journal,1992,18(3):267-272.
[16]蔡可,张映璜,陈景治,等.赤霉素等八种生长调节物质对棉铃脱落的影响[J].植物生理学报,1979,5(1):38-43.CAI K,ZHANG Y H,CHEN J Z,et al.Effects of gibberellin and other seven growth regulations on boll shedding of cotton plant[J].Plant Physiology Journal,1979,5(1):38-43.
[17]张映璜,陈景治,王怀智,等.赤霉酸和吲哚乙酸对器官脱落和离区纤维素酶的影响[J].植物生理学报,1981,7(2):81-87.ZHANG Y H,CHEN J Z,WANG H Z,et al.Effects of gibberellin acid and indole-3-acetic acid on abscission and cellulase activity in abscission zone[J].Plant Physiology Journal,1981,7(2):81-87.
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