北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼湖底扇沉积特征及控制因素分析
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摘要
基于岩心、测井和三维地震资料分析,对北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼湖底扇沉积特征及其控制因素进行了系统的分析,建立了研究区湖底扇发育模式。研究区重力流沉积类型主要有滑塌、砂质碎屑流、浊流3种沉积类型,受涠西南低凸起物源、外界触发机制以及古地貌的共同影响,多期重力流在研究区湖盆形成湖底扇。近源区湖底扇沉积以滑塌和厚层砂质碎屑流为主。湖底扇中部主要充填大套砂质碎屑流成因的厚层砂岩。随着流体运移和稀释,砂质碎屑流逐渐转变成远端浊流。在湖底扇末端主要沉积正粒序浊积岩和湖相泥岩。在高精度层序地层格架的约束下,研究区流沙港组一段下亚段湖底扇砂体可划分为5个期次,即U1～U5。受5号断层带差异性活动影响,5期砂体垂向叠置,平面上不断迁移摆动。早期北部分支断层活动较强,砂体主要沉积在分支断层下降盘;后期随着南部主干断层活动性增强以及北部分支断层活动性降低,砂体厚度中心逐渐向南迁移。
Based on cores,logging and 3Dseismic data,the sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the Sag C were systematically analyzed,and the sedimentary model of the sublacustrine fan was established for Weixinan Depression,Beibuwan Basin.There are three sedimentary types of gravity flow deposition in the study area,slump,sandy debris and turbidity.Under the control of the provenance of Weixinan low uplift,external triggering mechanisms and paleogeomorphy,multiphase gravity flows generated sublacustrine fans in the study area.Deposits in the proximal part of the sublacustrine fan consist mainly of slump and massive sandy debris flows.Deposits at the middle part of the fan are characterized by massive sandy debris flows.As the fluid migrates and dilutes,the sandy debris flows gradually turn into distal remote turbidity currents.Deposits at the end of the subaqueous lacustrine fans are mainly graded turbidites and lacustrine mudstones.Under the constraint of high resolution sequence stratigraphic frame-work,the sublacustrine fans could be divided into five periods,including U1-U5.Due to the difference activity of the No.5fault zone,the five-stage sand bodies are vertically stacked and constantly migrating and swinging in the plane.In the early period,the sand bodies were mainly deposited on the hanging wall of the northern fault because of the strong fault activity.In the later period,as the activity of the southern main fault increased and the activity of the northern branch fault decreased,the center thickness of the sand body gradually migrated southward.
Based on cores,logging and 3Dseismic data,the sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the Sag C were systematically analyzed,and the sedimentary model of the sublacustrine fan was established for Weixinan Depression,Beibuwan Basin.There are three sedimentary types of gravity flow deposition in the study area,slump,sandy debris and turbidity.Under the control of the provenance of Weixinan low uplift,external triggering mechanisms and paleogeomorphy,multiphase gravity flows generated sublacustrine fans in the study area.Deposits in the proximal part of the sublacustrine fan consist mainly of slump and massive sandy debris flows.Deposits at the middle part of the fan are characterized by massive sandy debris flows.As the fluid migrates and dilutes,the sandy debris flows gradually turn into distal remote turbidity currents.Deposits at the end of the subaqueous lacustrine fans are mainly graded turbidites and lacustrine mudstones.Under the constraint of high resolution sequence stratigraphic frame-work,the sublacustrine fans could be divided into five periods,including U1-U5.Due to the difference activity of the No.5fault zone,the five-stage sand bodies are vertically stacked and constantly migrating and swinging in the plane.In the early period,the sand bodies were mainly deposited on the hanging wall of the northern fault because of the strong fault activity.In the later period,as the activity of the southern main fault increased and the activity of the northern branch fault decreased,the center thickness of the sand body gradually migrated southward.
引文
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[10]陈广坡,王天奇,李林波,等.箕状断陷湖盆湖底扇特征及油气勘探:以二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷腾格尔组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1):63-69.
[11]张庆石,张革,陈彬滔,等.松辽盆地坳陷期湖底扇沉积特征与分布规律:以英台地区青山口组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(3):318-325.
[12]张鹏飞,陈世悦,张明军,等.沾化凹陷东营组三段储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(3):323-327.
[13]林正良,李红敬,马庆林,等.福山凹陷流二段湖底扇沉积特征及成因机制[J].科技导报,2015,33(11):23-28.
[14]董贵能,李俊良.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流一段非构造油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):552-560.
[15]董贵能,李俊良,张道军,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷隐蔽圈闭的形成条件和圈闭类型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2012,31(4):18-23.
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[17]刘震,谭卓,蔡东升,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流沙港组岩性圈闭形成条件[J].现代地质,2008,22(2):239-246.
[18]董贵能,邓勇,盖永浩,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷湖底扇的沉积特征[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):218-227.
[19]张辉,曾小明,黄冬梅,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷富砾型和富砂型湖底扇沉积特征差异分析[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(5):633-639.
[20]刘杰,操应长,王健,等.涠西南凹陷A井区古近系流沙港组一段砂体沉积特征及分布规律[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):56-66.
[21]李茂,李胜利,姜平,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠11区流一段扇三角洲沉积特征及控制因素[J].现代地质,2013,27(4):915-924.
[22]裴健翔,董贵能,朱其.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流一段强制湖退沉积体的特征及其油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):520-527.
[23]王健,操应长,李俊良.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷古近系层序结构与非构造圈闭[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):304-312.
[24]王健,操应长,李俊良,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷南坡古近系流二段滩坝砂体分布规律[J].沉积学报,2013,31(3):536-544.
[25]徐建永,张功成,梁建设,等.北部湾盆地古近纪幕式断陷活动规律及其与油气的关系[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(6):362-368.
[26]孟令箭,童亨茂,蔡东升,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷断裂系统成因的砂箱实验研究及启示[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(2):246-255.
[27]邹才能,赵政璋,杨华,等.陆相湖盆深水砂质碎屑流成因机制与分布特征:以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].沉积学报,2009,27(6):1065-1075.
[28]Shanmugam G.New perspectives on deep-water sandstones:Implications[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2013,40(3):316-324.
[29]Shanmugam G,Lehtonen L R,Straume T,et al.Slump and debris-flow dominated upper slope facies in the Cretaceous of the Norwegian and northern North Seas(61°-67°N):Implications for sand distribution[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(6):910-937.
[30]Piper D J W,Cochonat P,Morrison M L.The sequence of events around the epicentre of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake:Initiation of debris flows and turbidity current inferred from sidescan sonar[J].Sedimentology,2010,46(1):79-97.
[31]Talling P J,Masson D G,Sumner E J,et al.Subaqueous sediment density flows:Depositional processes and deposit types[J].Sedimentology,2012,59(7):1937-2003.
[32]林畅松,郑和荣,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东营、沾化凹陷早第三纪同沉积断裂作用对沉积充填的控制[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(11):1025-1036.
[33]黄建军,张百涛,张萍,等.涠西油气突破区古地貌演变和源汇体系特征及下步勘探方向[J].海洋石油,2016,36(2):1-6.
[34]张佰涛,唐金炎,王文军,等.北部湾盆地北部坳陷构造—沉积特征及其演化[J].海洋石油,2014,34(2):7-12.
[35]李上卿,牛华伟,郑军,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷与海中凹陷古近纪沉积关系探讨[J].海洋石油,2012,32(1):1-6.
[36]Richards M.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(5):792-822.
[37]Yoon S H,Chough S K,Park S J.Sequence model and its application to a Miocene shelf-slope system in the tectonically active Ulleung Basin margin,East Sea(Sea of Japan)[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2003,20(10):1089-1103.
[2] Liu F,Zhu X,Li Y,et al.Sedimentary facies analysis and depositional model of gravity-flow deposits of the Yanchang Formation,southwestern Ordos Basin,NW China[J].Journal of the Geological Society of Australia,2016,63(7):885-902.
[3] Xu Q,Shi W,Xie X,et al.Deep-lacustrine sandy debrites and turbidites in the Lower Triassic Yanchang Formation,southeast Ordos Basin,Central China:Facies distribution and reservoir quality[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2016,77(8):1095-1107.
[4] Zou C,Wang L,Li Y,et al.Deep-lacustrine transformation of sandy debrites into turbidites,Upper Triassic,Central China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,265/266:143-155.
[5] Liu J,Xian B,Wang J,et al.Sedimentary architecture of a sublacustrine debris fan:Eocene Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2017,362:66-82.
[6] Liu E,Wang H,Li Y,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and tectonic setting of sublacustrine fans in a half-graben rift depression,Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2014,52(2):9-21.
[7]夏青松,田景春.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上三叠统长6油层组湖底扇特征[J].古地理学报,2007,9(1):33-43.
[8]李凤杰,李磊,魏旭,等.鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区长6油层组湖底扇内深水重力流沉积特征[J].古地理学报,2014,16(6):827-834.
[9]刘芬,朱筱敏,李洋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组重力流沉积特征及相模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):577-588.
[10]陈广坡,王天奇,李林波,等.箕状断陷湖盆湖底扇特征及油气勘探:以二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷腾格尔组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1):63-69.
[11]张庆石,张革,陈彬滔,等.松辽盆地坳陷期湖底扇沉积特征与分布规律:以英台地区青山口组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(3):318-325.
[12]张鹏飞,陈世悦,张明军,等.沾化凹陷东营组三段储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(3):323-327.
[13]林正良,李红敬,马庆林,等.福山凹陷流二段湖底扇沉积特征及成因机制[J].科技导报,2015,33(11):23-28.
[14]董贵能,李俊良.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流一段非构造油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):552-560.
[15]董贵能,李俊良,张道军,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷隐蔽圈闭的形成条件和圈闭类型[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2012,31(4):18-23.
[16]孙文钊,王传雷,杨希滨.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷始新统隐蔽油气藏类型及勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(1):84-88.
[17]刘震,谭卓,蔡东升,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流沙港组岩性圈闭形成条件[J].现代地质,2008,22(2):239-246.
[18]董贵能,邓勇,盖永浩,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷湖底扇的沉积特征[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):218-227.
[19]张辉,曾小明,黄冬梅,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷富砾型和富砂型湖底扇沉积特征差异分析[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(5):633-639.
[20]刘杰,操应长,王健,等.涠西南凹陷A井区古近系流沙港组一段砂体沉积特征及分布规律[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):56-66.
[21]李茂,李胜利,姜平,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠11区流一段扇三角洲沉积特征及控制因素[J].现代地质,2013,27(4):915-924.
[22]裴健翔,董贵能,朱其.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流一段强制湖退沉积体的特征及其油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):520-527.
[23]王健,操应长,李俊良.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷古近系层序结构与非构造圈闭[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):304-312.
[24]王健,操应长,李俊良,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷南坡古近系流二段滩坝砂体分布规律[J].沉积学报,2013,31(3):536-544.
[25]徐建永,张功成,梁建设,等.北部湾盆地古近纪幕式断陷活动规律及其与油气的关系[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(6):362-368.
[26]孟令箭,童亨茂,蔡东升,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷断裂系统成因的砂箱实验研究及启示[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(2):246-255.
[27]邹才能,赵政璋,杨华,等.陆相湖盆深水砂质碎屑流成因机制与分布特征:以鄂尔多斯盆地为例[J].沉积学报,2009,27(6):1065-1075.
[28]Shanmugam G.New perspectives on deep-water sandstones:Implications[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2013,40(3):316-324.
[29]Shanmugam G,Lehtonen L R,Straume T,et al.Slump and debris-flow dominated upper slope facies in the Cretaceous of the Norwegian and northern North Seas(61°-67°N):Implications for sand distribution[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(6):910-937.
[30]Piper D J W,Cochonat P,Morrison M L.The sequence of events around the epicentre of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake:Initiation of debris flows and turbidity current inferred from sidescan sonar[J].Sedimentology,2010,46(1):79-97.
[31]Talling P J,Masson D G,Sumner E J,et al.Subaqueous sediment density flows:Depositional processes and deposit types[J].Sedimentology,2012,59(7):1937-2003.
[32]林畅松,郑和荣,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东营、沾化凹陷早第三纪同沉积断裂作用对沉积充填的控制[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(11):1025-1036.
[33]黄建军,张百涛,张萍,等.涠西油气突破区古地貌演变和源汇体系特征及下步勘探方向[J].海洋石油,2016,36(2):1-6.
[34]张佰涛,唐金炎,王文军,等.北部湾盆地北部坳陷构造—沉积特征及其演化[J].海洋石油,2014,34(2):7-12.
[35]李上卿,牛华伟,郑军,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷与海中凹陷古近纪沉积关系探讨[J].海洋石油,2012,32(1):1-6.
[36]Richards M.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(5):792-822.
[37]Yoon S H,Chough S K,Park S J.Sequence model and its application to a Miocene shelf-slope system in the tectonically active Ulleung Basin margin,East Sea(Sea of Japan)[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2003,20(10):1089-1103.
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