渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沉积体系重建与储集层评价
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摘要
应用陆相层序地层分析与传统沉积学等方法,探讨渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沉积体系的空间展布规律与有利储集层发育特征,为高勘探程度区油气二次勘探部署提供支撑。研究结果表明歧口凹陷古近系斜坡作为古地貌单元的主体,为大面积岩性油气藏的形成奠定了地质基础;除四大盆外隆起物源外,孔店、港西等盆内凸起也是碎屑沉积体系的重要物质来源,斜坡区既富泥也富砂;古近系相序完整,环湖规模性发育了辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、远岸水下扇、湖泊碳酸盐岩等相类型;中深层储层具有原生、次生孔隙与微裂缝共存的特点,在异常高压、早期油气充注和次生溶解等作用下,中深层也发育优质储层,斜坡区的勘探下限可达5km;多类储集体与歧北挠曲斜坡、板桥斜坡、埕北断坡等匹配形成地层超覆、不整合遮挡、上倾尖灭等地层-岩性圈闭带。勘探结果发现了歧北斜坡、埕北断坡亿吨级储量区,板桥斜坡形成了千万吨级效益储量区。斜坡区作为断陷湖盆负向构造单元,是地层-岩性油气藏有利的勘探领域。
The spatial distribution pattern of sedimentary system and development characteristics of favorable reservoir of Paleogene in Qikou Sag of Bohai Bay Basin are discussed on the basis of continental sequence stratigraphy analysis and traditional sedimentology,so as to provide support for the second exploration and deployment of hydrocarbon in highly prospected area.It shows that the Paleogene slopes in Qikou Sag lay the foundation for the formation of lithological hydrocarbon reservoirs.In addition to the four provenances of uplift outside the basin,the bulges,such asKongdian,Gangxi,in the basin are also important provenances of clastic sedimentary system.The slope area is rich in mud and sand;it has complete sedimentary-facies succession of Paleogene system,including well developed braided river delta,fan delta,offshore fan and lacustrine carbonate rocks in the lake,characteristic of coexistence of primary pores,secondary pores and micro-fractures in the medium-deep reservoir.The early oil and gas charging,secondary dissolution and the effect of the abnormal high pressure play an important role in the formation of high quality reservoirs.It reveals that the lower limit of exploration can reach down 5km in the slope area.Many types of reservoirs match with Qibei bend slope,Banqiao slope and Chengbei fault slope and form the stratigraphic and lithologic traps,such as stratigraphic overlap traps,unconformity screened traps,upward tilting traps and so on.Exploration indicates that the Qibei slope,Chengbei fault slope have 100 million tons scale reserve and 10 million tons scale reserve area in Banqiao slope.As a faulted lacustrine basin,the slope is a favorable exploration area of stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs.
The spatial distribution pattern of sedimentary system and development characteristics of favorable reservoir of Paleogene in Qikou Sag of Bohai Bay Basin are discussed on the basis of continental sequence stratigraphy analysis and traditional sedimentology,so as to provide support for the second exploration and deployment of hydrocarbon in highly prospected area.It shows that the Paleogene slopes in Qikou Sag lay the foundation for the formation of lithological hydrocarbon reservoirs.In addition to the four provenances of uplift outside the basin,the bulges,such asKongdian,Gangxi,in the basin are also important provenances of clastic sedimentary system.The slope area is rich in mud and sand;it has complete sedimentary-facies succession of Paleogene system,including well developed braided river delta,fan delta,offshore fan and lacustrine carbonate rocks in the lake,characteristic of coexistence of primary pores,secondary pores and micro-fractures in the medium-deep reservoir.The early oil and gas charging,secondary dissolution and the effect of the abnormal high pressure play an important role in the formation of high quality reservoirs.It reveals that the lower limit of exploration can reach down 5km in the slope area.Many types of reservoirs match with Qibei bend slope,Banqiao slope and Chengbei fault slope and form the stratigraphic and lithologic traps,such as stratigraphic overlap traps,unconformity screened traps,upward tilting traps and so on.Exploration indicates that the Qibei slope,Chengbei fault slope have 100 million tons scale reserve and 10 million tons scale reserve area in Banqiao slope.As a faulted lacustrine basin,the slope is a favorable exploration area of stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs.
引文
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[2]蒲秀刚,周立宏,周建生,等.歧口凹陷沙一上亚段-东营组沉积体系[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(1):45-50.Pu X G,Zhou L H,Zhou J S,et al.Study on the sedimentary system of Member 1-S of Shahejie Formation and Dongying Formation of the Qikou sag in Bohaiwan basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2009,36(1):45-50.(in Chinese)
[3]刘群明,陈开远,李小平,等.歧口凹陷沙二段精细层序地层划分[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(5):43-49.Liu Q M,Chen K Y,Li X P,et al.Meticulous sequence stratigraphic division for Es2 of Qikou Depression[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2008,15(5):43-49.(in Chinese)
[4]陈莹,林畅松,周小军,等.歧口凹陷古近系构造对沉积层序和砂体分布的控制[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):302-305.Chen Y,Lin C S,Zhou X J,et al.The sedimentary sequence and sand body distribution controlled by Palaeogene structures in Qikou Sag,Bohai Bay[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(3):302-305.(in Chinese)
[5]陈纯芳,郑浚茂,王德发,等.板桥凹陷沙三段沉积体系与物源分析[J].古地理学报,2001,3(1):55-62.Chen C F,Zheng J M,Wang D F,et al.Depositional systems and source provenance of the third member of Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2001,3(1):55-62.(in Chinese)
[6]王德发,郑浚茂,张服民,等.黄骅拗陷第三系沉积相及沉积环境[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:6-10.Wang D F,Zheng J M,Zhang F M,et al.Sedimentary Facies and Sedimentary Environments of Tertiary in the Huanghua Depression[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1987:6-10.(in Chinese)
[7]严德天,王华,肖敦清,等.黄骅拗陷中部沙三段沉积体系分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,3(1):328-332.Yan D T,Wang H,Xiao D Q,et al.Sedimentary systems of the third member of Shahejie Formation,central Huanghua Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,3(1):328-332.(in Chinese)
[8]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学(第三版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:89-102.Zhao C L,Zhu X M.Sedimentary Petrology(Third Edition)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001:89-102.(in Chinese)
[9]Vail P R,Mitchum R M,Todd R G,et al.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level[C]//Seismic Stratigraphy Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration.American Association of Petroleum Geologist,Memories,1977,26:49-212.
[10]邓宏文,王红亮.层序地层地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177-184.Deng H W,Wang H L.Identification and correlation techniques of sequence stratigraphic base-levels and their application[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1996,17(3):177-184.(in Chinese)
[11]孟万斌.从层序地层学到高分辨率层序地层学[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(4):380-385.Meng W B.From sequence stratigraphy to high resolution sequence stratigraphy[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(4):380-385.(in Chinese)
[12]邓宏文.美国层序地层研究中的新学派——高分辨率层序地层学[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(2):89-97.Deng H W.A new school of thought in sequence stratigraphic studies in U.S.:High-resolution sequence stratigraphy[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1995,16(2):89-97.(in Chinese)
[13]周立宏,蒲秀刚,周建生,等.黄骅拗陷歧口凹陷古近系坡折体系聚砂控藏机制分析[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(4):371-377.Zhou L H,Pu X G,Zhou J S,et al.Sand-gathering and reservoir-controlling mechanisms of Paleogene slope-break system in Qikou Sag,Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(4):371-377.(in Chinese)
[14]吕大炜,李增学,孙静,等.浅析陆相湖盆坡折带理论及其对沉积的控制[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(3):25-27.Lu D W,Li Z X,Sun J,et al.Theory of slope break belt in land facies lake basin and its control on sedimentation[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(3):25-27.(in Chinese)
[15]王英民,金武弟,刘书会,等.断陷湖盆多级坡折带的成因类型、展布及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):199-214.Wang Y M,Jin W D,Liu S H,et al.Genetic types,distribution and exploration significance of multistage slope breaks in rift lacustrine basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(3):199-214.(in Chinese)
[16]李群,王英民.陆相盆地坡折带的陷蔽油气藏勘探战略[J].地质评论,2003,49(4):445-448.Li Q,Wang Y M.Exploration strategy for subtle reservoirs in slope breaks of Terrestrial Basins[J].Geological Review,2003,49(4):445-448.(in Chinese)
[17]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.构造坡折带-断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学,2000,25(3):35-39.Lin C S,Pan Y L,Xiao J X,et al.Structural slopebreak zone:Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basins[J].Earth Science,2000,25(3):35-39.(in Chinese)
[18]王颖,王英民,王晓洲,等.松辽盆地西部坡折带的成因演化及其对地层分布模式的控制作用[J].沉积学报,2005,23(3):498-506.Wang Y,Wang Y M,Wang X Z,et al.The origin and evolution of slope break belt and its effect on stratigraphy distribution in large down-warped lake basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(3):498-506.(in Chinese)
[19]王英民,刘豪,李立诚,等.准噶尔大型拗陷湖盆坡折带的类型和分布特征[J].地球科学,2002,27(6):683-688.Wang Y M,Liu H,Li L C,et al.Types and distribution characteristics of slope breaks of large-type down-warped lake basins[J].Earth Science,2002,27(6):683-688.(in Chinese)
[20]张善文,王英民,李群.应用坡折带理论寻找隐蔽油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):5-7.Zhang S W,Wang Y M,Li Q.Searching subtle traps using the theory of slope break[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):5-7.(in Chinese)
[21]王家豪,王华,任建业,等.黄骅拗陷中区大型斜向变换带及其油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):355-360.Wang J H,Wang H,Ren J Y,et al.A great oblique transition zone in the central Huanghua Depression and its significance for petroleum exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):355-360.(in Chinese)
[22]徐长贵,赖维成,薛永安,等.古地貌分析在渤海古近系储集层预测中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):53-56.Xu C G,Lai W C,Xue Y G,et al.Palaeogeomorphology analysis for the Paleogene reservoir predietion in Bohai Sea area[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(5):53-56.(in Chinese)
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