中国叠合盆地深部海相地层油气保存条件剖析
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摘要
中国叠合盆地的形成演化主要经历了海相盆地形成和盆地叠加改造两大构造期,发生了多期构造变动下的多期油气成藏及后期不同程度的改造和破坏。构造运动决定了叠合盆地海相层系成藏条件与油气保存的差异性,盆地及其周缘造山带构成的盆山结构决定了中国西部叠合盆地油气保存条件的优劣。膏盐岩和泥页岩是叠合盆地中最主要的两类盖层,多期构造变动背景下盖层的封盖有效性是油气保存的重要条件。岩浆活动时间与油气生成、运移时间的先后配置关系同油气保存密切相关。地下水水文和古流体地球化学特征可作为油气保存条件的判识性指标来指示油气运移、聚集及破坏。油气的聚集和散失量模拟提供了一种油气保存条件定量研究的新思路。油气保存单元和保存系统的概念及相关评价体系能够很好地反映油气保存条件的分割性。以构造演化为主线,全面分析油气保存条件各影响因素的多维时空配置关系,多角度系统评价叠合盆地海相地层油气保存条件将成为重要研究方向,对于圈闭评价优选及海相油气勘探部署具有重要的参考指导意义。
The formation and evolution of superimposed marine basins in China usually experience two main stages:the formation stage and the reconstruction stage.Tectonic movements determine the difference of hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation conditions of the marine strata in the basins.Architecture of the basin-mountain systems formed by the basin and its surrounding orogenic belts determine the superiority and inferiority of the oil and gas preservation conditions.Gypsolyte/saline rocks and shales are the two major caprocks in superimposed basins,and the sealing effectiveness of caprocks in the multi-stage tectonic changes is an important condition for oil and gas preservation.The temporal relationship between magmatic activity and hydrocarbon generation as well as migration is closely related to hydrocarbon preservation.Hydrogeochemical and paleo-fluid geochemical characteristics of groundwater can be used as the indexes for evaluation of oil and gas preservation conditions.The simulation of oil and gas accumulation and escape provides a new idea for the quantitative study of oil and gas preservation conditions.The concepts of oil and gas preservation unit and preservation system and related evaluation system can properly reflect the partition of hydrocarbon preservation conditions.Upon the basis of regional tectonic evolution to evaluate the hydrocarbon preservation conditions through multiple perspectives of marine strata in superimposed basins,has been improved of an efficient performance for trap selection and exploration strategy determination for marine oil and gas accamulations.
The formation and evolution of superimposed marine basins in China usually experience two main stages:the formation stage and the reconstruction stage.Tectonic movements determine the difference of hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation conditions of the marine strata in the basins.Architecture of the basin-mountain systems formed by the basin and its surrounding orogenic belts determine the superiority and inferiority of the oil and gas preservation conditions.Gypsolyte/saline rocks and shales are the two major caprocks in superimposed basins,and the sealing effectiveness of caprocks in the multi-stage tectonic changes is an important condition for oil and gas preservation.The temporal relationship between magmatic activity and hydrocarbon generation as well as migration is closely related to hydrocarbon preservation.Hydrogeochemical and paleo-fluid geochemical characteristics of groundwater can be used as the indexes for evaluation of oil and gas preservation conditions.The simulation of oil and gas accumulation and escape provides a new idea for the quantitative study of oil and gas preservation conditions.The concepts of oil and gas preservation unit and preservation system and related evaluation system can properly reflect the partition of hydrocarbon preservation conditions.Upon the basis of regional tectonic evolution to evaluate the hydrocarbon preservation conditions through multiple perspectives of marine strata in superimposed basins,has been improved of an efficient performance for trap selection and exploration strategy determination for marine oil and gas accamulations.
引文
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