极地微藻对极端环境的适应机制研究进展
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摘要
极地环境是一个潜在的、重要的微生物资源库,极地环境生物资源的开发与利用已成为全世界高度关注的热点。微藻作为极地环境中最主要的初级生物量生产者,其种质资源的选育、培养及抗逆性研究倍受关注。低温、季节性光照与温度波动、强紫外(UV)辐射等是极区生境重要的环境特征。极地微藻经过长期的适应与进化对该生境形成了独特的适应机制:其细胞内合成积累多种具有特殊生理、药理活性的生物活性物质,以及蕴含与之相对应的新基因。本文综述了南、北极地区的微藻抗逆机制的最新研究进展,包括对温度、光照和UV辐射胁迫的生理和分子抗逆机制,以及组学技术在微藻逆境生物学上的应用,有助于人们了解极地微藻适应极端逆境的机制及其在极地生境中独特的系统进化地位。
Since polar region is an important potential resource of microorganisms,the researches on its bioresource exploration and utilization has become one of the global hot issues. Microalgae is the primary biomass producer of polar region,and the studies on the strain breeding,cultivation and stress-resistant mechanisms of polar algae has attracted strong interests of scientists. The polar habitat is characterized by freezing temperature,seasonal variation of irradiation and temperature,strong ultraviolet( UV) radiation,and so on.Polar microalgae develop unique adaptive mechanisms to such extreme environment in the progress of long-term acclimation and evolution. The synthesis and accumulation of special physiological or pharmacological bioactive compounds,and induction of stress-resistant novel genes enable polar algae to survive the extreme polar region. This paper aims to review the recent research progress on the stress-resistant and adaptive mechanisms of microalgae from Antarctic and Arctic region in response to temperature,irradiation and UV radiation,and provides a summary of the application of various omics technology on microalgae stress biology.This review will help us better understand the underlying adaptive mechanisms of microalgae to extreme stresses,and reveal the unique phylogenetic role of microalgae in polar ecological system.
Since polar region is an important potential resource of microorganisms,the researches on its bioresource exploration and utilization has become one of the global hot issues. Microalgae is the primary biomass producer of polar region,and the studies on the strain breeding,cultivation and stress-resistant mechanisms of polar algae has attracted strong interests of scientists. The polar habitat is characterized by freezing temperature,seasonal variation of irradiation and temperature,strong ultraviolet( UV) radiation,and so on.Polar microalgae develop unique adaptive mechanisms to such extreme environment in the progress of long-term acclimation and evolution. The synthesis and accumulation of special physiological or pharmacological bioactive compounds,and induction of stress-resistant novel genes enable polar algae to survive the extreme polar region. This paper aims to review the recent research progress on the stress-resistant and adaptive mechanisms of microalgae from Antarctic and Arctic region in response to temperature,irradiation and UV radiation,and provides a summary of the application of various omics technology on microalgae stress biology.This review will help us better understand the underlying adaptive mechanisms of microalgae to extreme stresses,and reveal the unique phylogenetic role of microalgae in polar ecological system.
引文
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[2] Mc Clintock J B,Amsler C D,Baker B J,et al. Ecology of Antarctic marine sponges:an overview[J]. Integrative and Comparative Biology,2005,45(2):359-368.
[3] Margesin R. Psychrophiles:from Biodiversity to Biotechnology[M]. Cham:Springer International Publishing,2017.
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[6] Mock T,Valentin K. Photosynthesis and cold acclimation:molecular evidence from a polar diatom[J]. Journal of Phycology,2004,40(4):732-741.
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[9]王以斌,张爱军,刘芳明,等.南极冰藻对南极极端环境的适应性研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2016,32(10):128-134.Wang Y B,Zhang A J,Liu F M,et al. Advances in studies on the acclimation of Antarctic ice microalgae to extreme environments[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin,2016,32(10):128-134(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10] Sommer U. Maximal growth rates of Antarctic phytoplankton:only weak dependence on cell size[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1989,34(6):1109-1112.
[11] Teoh M L,Chu W L,Marchant H,et al. Influence of culture temperature on the growth,biochemical composition and fatty acid profiles of six Antarctic microalgae[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology,2004,16(6):421-430.
[12] Teoh M L,Phang S M,Chu W L. Response of Antarctic,temperate,and tropical microalgae to temperature stress[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology,2013,25(1):285-297.
[13] Cao K,He M,Yang W,et al. The eurythermal adaptivity and temperature tolerance of a newly isolated psychrotolerant Arctic Chlorella sp.[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2016,28(2):877-888.
[14] La Rocca N,Sciuto K,Meneghesso A,et al. Photosynthesis in extreme environments:responses to different light regimes in the Antarctic alga Koliella antarctica[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,2015,153(4):654-667.
[15] Madronich S,Mc Kenzie R L,Bjorn L O,et al. Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,1998,46(1/2/3):5-19.
[16] Karsten U,Wulff A,Roleda M Y,et al. Physiological responses of polar benthic algae to ultraviolet radiation[J]. Botanica Marina,2009,52(6):639-654.
[17] van Leeuwe M,Tedesco L,Arrigo K R,et al. Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice:a synthesis[J].Elem Sci Anth,2018,6(1):4.
[18] Morgan-Kiss R M,Ivanov A G,Pocock T,et al. The Antarctic psychrophile,Chlamydomonas raudensis Ettl(UWO241)(Chlorophyceae,Chlorophyta),exhibits a limited capacity to photoacclimate to red light[J]. Journal of Phycology,2005,41(4):791-800.
[19] Szyszka B,Ivanov A G,Hüner N P A. Psychrophily is associated with differential energy partitioning,photosystem stoichiometry and polypeptide phosphorylation in Chlamydomonas raudensis[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2007,1767(6):789-800.
[20] Dolhi J,Maxwell D,Morgan-Kiss R. Review:the Antarctic Chlamydomonas raudensis:an emerging model for cold adaptation of photosynthesis[J].Extremophiles,2013,17(5):711-722.
[21] Raymond J A,Morgan-Kiss R. Separate origins of ice-binding proteins in antarctic Chlamydomonas species[J]. PLoS One,2013,8(3):e59186.
[22]吕娜.雪衣藻响应和适应环境胁迫分子调节的多组学研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.LüN. Molecular regulation of snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis in response to stress conditions using multi-omics study[D]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2014(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23] An M L,Mou S L,Zhang X W,et al. Temperature regulates fatty acid desaturases at a transcriptional level and modulates the fatty acid profile in the Antarctic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,134:151-157.
[24] Liu C L,Wu G T,Huang X H,et al. Validation of housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in an ice alga Chlamydomonas during freezing acclimation[J]. Extremophiles,2012,16(3):419-425.
[25] Liu S H,Zhang P Y,Cong B L,et al. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a cytosolic Hsp70 gene from Antarctic ice algae Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L[J]. Extremophiles,2010,14(3):329-337.
[26] Liu C,Wang X,Sun C. Acclimation of Antarctic Chlamydomonas to the sea-ice environment:a transcriptomic analysis[J]. Extremophiles,2016,20(4):437-450.
[27] Poong S W,Lim P E,Phang S M,et al. Transcriptome sequencing of an Antarctic microalga,Chlorella sp.(Trebouxiophyceae,Chlorophyta)subjected to short-term ultraviolet radiation stress[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology,2018,30(1):87-99.
[28] Yang W N,Zou S M,He M L,et al. Growth and lipid accumulation in three Chlorella strains from different regions in response to diurnal temperature fluctuations[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,202:15-24.
[29] Kan G F,Miao J L,Shi C J,et al. Proteomic alterations of Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. under low-temperature stress[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2006,48(8):965-970.
[30] Morgan-Kiss R M,Priscu J C,Pocock T,et al. Adaptation and acclimation of photosynthetic microorganisms to permanently cold environments[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,2006,70(1):222-252.
[31] Feller G,Gerday C. Psychrophilic enzymes:hot topics in cold adaptation[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology,2003,1(3):200-208.
[32] di Rigano V M,Vona V,Lobosco O,et al. Temperature dependence of nitrate reductase in the psychrophilic unicellular alga Koliella antarctica and the mesophilic alga Chlorella sorokiniana[J]. Plant Cell Environment,2006,29(7):1400-1409.
[33] Devos N,Ingouff M,Loppes R,et al. Rubisco adaptation to low temperatures:a comparative study in psychrophilic and mesophilic unicellular algae[J].Journal of Phycology,1998,34(4):655-660.
[34] Ensminger I,Busch F,Huner N P A. Photostasis and cold acclimation:sensing low temperature through photosynthesis[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,2006,126(1):28-44.
[35] Morgan-Kiss R,Ivanov A,Huner N. The Antarctic psychrophile,Chlamydomonas subcaudata,is deficient in stateⅠ-stateⅡtransitions[J].Planta,2002,214(3):435-445.
[36] Morgan R M,Ivanov A G,Priscu J C,et al. Structure and composition of the photochemical apparatus of the Antarctic green alga,Chlamydomonas subcaudata[J]. Photosynthesis Research,1998,56(3):303-314.
[37] Maxwell D P,Falk S,Trick C G,et al. Growth at low temperature mimics high-light acclimation in Chlorella vulgaris[J]. Plant Physiology,1994,105(2):535-543.
[38] Sanina N M,Goncharova S N,Kostetsky E Y. Seasonal changes of fatty acid composition and thermotropic behavior of polar lipids from marine macrophytes[J]. Phytochemistry,2008,69(7):1517-1527.
[39] Ahn J W,Hwangbo K,Lee S Y,et al. A new Arctic Chlorella species for biodiesel production[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,125:340-343.
[40] Orsini M,Costelli C,Malavasi V,et al. Complete sequence and characterization of mitochondrial and chloroplast genome of Chlorella variabilis NC64A[J]. Mitochondrial DNA:Part A,2016,27(5):3128-3130.
[41] Mock T,Kroon B M A. Photosynthetic energy conversion under extreme conditions.Ⅰ:Important role of lipids as structural modulators and energy sink under N-limited growth in Antarctic sea ice diatoms[J]. Phytochemistry,2002,61(1):41-51.
[42] Mock T,Kroon B M A. Photosynthetic energy conversion under extreme conditions.Ⅱ:The significance of lipids under light limited growth in Antarctic sea ice diatoms[J]. Phytochemistry,2002,61(1):53-60.
[43] Gwak I G,Jung W S,Kim H J,et al. Antifreeze protein in antarctic marine diatom,Chaetoceros neogracile[J]. Marine Biotechnology,2010,12(6):630-639.
[44] van de Poll W H,Eggert A,Buma A G,et al. Temperature dependence of UV radiation effects in Arctic and temperate isolates of three red macrophytes[J]. European Journal of Phycology,2002,37(1):59-68.
[45] Cruces E,Huovinen P,Gómez I. Interactive effects of UV radiation and enhanced temperature on photosynthesis,phlorotannin induction and antioxidant activities of two sub-Antarctic brown algae[J]. Marine Biology,2013,160(1):1-13.
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