多期叠加构造变形与页岩气保存条件的相关性——以川东南焦石坝地区为例
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摘要
基于2期不同挤压方向的均质与非均质叠加构造物理模型对川东南焦石坝构造进行模拟,探讨多期叠加构造变形作用对焦石坝地区页岩气保存条件的影响。2组构造挤压皆分为2期,第一期挤压可以大致分为2个阶段:早期楔形体快速生长阶段、后期楔形体自相似性生长阶段(但非均质砂箱模型断层系统明显比均质砂箱模型复杂);第二期叠加挤压扩展变形过程明显受到早期冲断构造的控制和影响。其中:均质砂箱模型第二期冲断层具有明显的侧向弯曲、分段性,形成空间上侧向叠置的"弧形"楔形体前缘前展式冲断结构;非均质砂箱模型第二期前展式冲断结构明显叠加置换第一期前缘冲断结构,形成第二期含有侧向断坡结构的前缘冲断层结构样式。通过与焦石坝地区构造特征进行对比,发现非均质砂箱模型在结构上与其有较强相似性,结合PIV监测系统中石英砂变形速度场特征,认为强叠加构造变形带15%宽度范围内的页岩层系不具有经济性含气量和产能;弱叠加构造带区域仅占总体结构带宽度的6%,对于页岩气总体产能影响有限。
Two different groups of analogue experiments are conducted to unravel the influence of multistage tectonic deformation on shale gas preservation condition in the Jiaoshiba area of Sichuan Basin.Each of the experiments is divided into two episodes.The first stage is characterized by a rapid growth of wedge in early time and self-similarity growth of wedge in the later time(the fault system of inhomogeneous model is more complex than that of the homogeneous one).In the second stage,the superimposed deformation processes are controlled by the early thrust structure.In the homogeneous sand box model,the thrust fault has obvious lateral bending and segmental characteristics,and formthe arc-shaped wedge that overlaps along strike.In the inhomogeneous model,the second thrust structure obviously superimposed on the front edge thrust structure of the first part,with a lateral ramp structure at the frontier.It is found that the experiment-induced structures by inhomogeneous sand box model are similar to the geological structures occurred in the Jiaoshiba area.The inhomogeneous sand box model can be also divided into weakly superposed deformation zone,strongly superimposed deformation zone and weak deformation zone.Based on the characters of velocity field of quartz sand,it is considered that the shale layers have no economical shale gas capacity when it is in the 15% width range of strong superimposed deformation system.Weakly superimposed deformation area accounts only for 6% of the width of the overall structure of superimposed tectonic belt,and it has limited impact on overall capacity of shale gas.
Two different groups of analogue experiments are conducted to unravel the influence of multistage tectonic deformation on shale gas preservation condition in the Jiaoshiba area of Sichuan Basin.Each of the experiments is divided into two episodes.The first stage is characterized by a rapid growth of wedge in early time and self-similarity growth of wedge in the later time(the fault system of inhomogeneous model is more complex than that of the homogeneous one).In the second stage,the superimposed deformation processes are controlled by the early thrust structure.In the homogeneous sand box model,the thrust fault has obvious lateral bending and segmental characteristics,and formthe arc-shaped wedge that overlaps along strike.In the inhomogeneous model,the second thrust structure obviously superimposed on the front edge thrust structure of the first part,with a lateral ramp structure at the frontier.It is found that the experiment-induced structures by inhomogeneous sand box model are similar to the geological structures occurred in the Jiaoshiba area.The inhomogeneous sand box model can be also divided into weakly superposed deformation zone,strongly superimposed deformation zone and weak deformation zone.Based on the characters of velocity field of quartz sand,it is considered that the shale layers have no economical shale gas capacity when it is in the 15% width range of strong superimposed deformation system.Weakly superimposed deformation area accounts only for 6% of the width of the overall structure of superimposed tectonic belt,and it has limited impact on overall capacity of shale gas.
引文
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[2]胡东风,张汉荣,倪楷,等.四川盆地东南缘海相页岩气保存条件及其主控因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):17-23.Hu D F,Zhang H R,Ni K,et al.Main controlling factors for gas preservation conditions of marine shales in southeastern margins of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):17-23.(in Chinese)
[3]聂海宽,包书景,高波,等.四川盆地及其周缘下古生界页岩气保存条件研究[J].地学前缘,2012,19(3):280-294.Nie H K,Bao S J,Gao B,et al.A study of shale gas preservation conditions for the Lower Paleozoic in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(3):280-294.(in Chinese)
[4]郭卫星,熊亮,魏力民.川东南构造变形特征及其对页岩气保存的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(6):21-26.Guo W X,Xiong L,Wei L M.Structure deformation of southeast Sichuan and its influences on preservation of shale gas[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(6):21-26.(in Chinese)
[5]刘树根,邓宾,李智武,等.盆山结构与油气分布——以四川盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):621-635.Liu S G,Deng B,Li Z W,et al.The texture of sedimentary basin-orogenic belt system and its influence on oil gas distribution:A case study from Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):621-635.(in Chinese)
[6]李三忠,王涛,金宠,等.雪峰山基底隆升带及其邻区印支期陆内构造特征与成因[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(1):93-105.Li S Z,Wang T,Jin C,et al.Features and causes of Indosinian intracontinental structures in the Xuefengshan precambrian basement and its neighboring regions[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(1):93-105.(in Chinese)
[7]金宠,李三忠,王岳军,等.雪峰山陆内复合构造系统印支—燕山期构造穿时递进特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(5):598-607.Jin C,Li S Z,Wang Y J,et al.Diachronous and progressive deformation during the IndosinianYanshanian movements of the Xuefeng Mountain in tracontinental composite tectonic system[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(5):598-607.(in Chinese)
[8]邓宾.四川盆地中-新生代盆-山结构与油气分布[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2013.Deng B.Meso-Cenozoic Architecture of BasinMountain System in the Sichuan Basin and Its Gas Distribution[D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[9]四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Sichuan Bureau of Geology&Mineral Resources.Regional Geology of Sichuan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991.(in Chinese)
[10]刘树根,李智武,孙玮,等.四川含油气叠合盆地基本特征[J].地质科学,2011,46(1):233-257.Liu S G,Li Z W,Sun W,et al.Basic geological features of superimposed basin and hydrocarbon accumulation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(1):233-257.(in Chinese)
[11]韦一,张宗言,何卫红,等.上扬子地区中生代沉积盆地演化[J].地球科学,2014,39(8):1065-1078.Wei Y,Zhang Z Y,He W H,et al.Evolution of sedimentary basins in the Upper Yangtze during Mesozoic[J].Earth Science,2014,39(8):1065-1078.(in Chinese)
[12]Yan D P,Xu Y B,Dong Z B,et al.Fault-related fold styles and progressions in fold-thrust belts:Insights from sandbox modeling[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2016,121:2087-2111.
[13]邓宾,赵高平,万元博,等.褶皱冲断带构造砂箱物理模型研究进展[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(3):446-464.Deng B,Zhao G P,Wan Y B,et al.A review of tectonic sandbox modeling of fold-and-thrust belt[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2016,40(3):446-464.(in Chinese)
[14]郭旭升,胡东风,魏志红,等.涪陵页岩气田的发现与勘探认识[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(3):24-37.Guo X S,Hu D F,Wei Z H,et al.Discovery and exploration of Fuling shale gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(3):24-37.(in Chinese)
[15]黄仁春,魏祥峰,王强.四川盆地东南缘丁山地区页岩气成藏富集的关键控制因素[J].海相油气地质,2017,22(2):25-30.Huang R C,Wei X F,Wang Q.Key factors of shale gas accumulation in Dingshan area of southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2017,22(2):25-30.(in Chinese)
[16]胡明,黄文斌,李加玉.构造特征对页岩气井产能的影响——以涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):31-39.Hu M,Huang W B,Li J Y.Effects of structural characteristics on the productivity of shale gas wells:A case study on the Jiaoshiba block in the Fuling shale gasfield,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):31-39.(in Chinese)
[17]佘晓宇,陈洁,张士万,等.焦石坝地区中、古生界构造特征及其页岩气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):828-837.She X Y,Chen J,Zhang S W,et al.Tectonic characteristics and their shale gas geological significance of the Mesozoic-Paleozoic in Jiaoshiba area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):828-837.(in Chinese)